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Cited by 1,081Nutritional Studies and DietNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorNutrition and Health Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 183 of the 183 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Markers of the Validity of Reported Energy Intake

Open access
Livingstone, M. Barbara E., Black, Alison E.·2003·The Journal of Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/jn/133.3.895s
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Abstract

Energy intake (EI) is the foundation of the diet, because all other nutrients must be provided within the quantity of food needed to fulfill the energy requirement. Thus if total EI is underestimated, it is probable that the intakes of other nutrients are also underestimated. Under conditions of weight stability, EI equals energy expenditure (EE). Because at the group level weight may be regarded as stable in the timescale of a dietary assessment, the validity of reported EI can be evaluated by comparing it with either measured EE or an estimate of the energy requirement of the population. This paper provides the first comprehensive review of studies in which EI was reported and EE was measured using the doubly labeled water technique. These conclusively demonstrate widespread bias to the underestimation of EI. Because energy requirements of populations or individuals can be conveniently expressed as multiples of the basal metabolic rate (BMR), EE:BMR, reported EI may also be expressed as EI:BMR for comparison. Values of EI:BMR falling below the 95% confidence limit of agreement between these two measures signify the presence of underreporting. A formula for calculating the lower 95% confidence limit was proposed by Goldberg et al. (the Goldberg cutoff). It has been used by numerous authors to identify individual underreporters in different dietary databases to explore the variables associated with underreporting. These studies are also comprehensively reviewed. They explore the characteristics of underreporters and the biases in estimating nutrient intake and in describing meal patterns associated with underreporting. This review also examines some of the problems for the interpretation of data introduced by underreporting and particularly by variable underreporting across subjects. Future directions for research are identified.

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Research works printed but not linked: 14

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  2. Willett, W. (1990) Nutritional Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
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  4. Black, 1992, Validations of dietary assessment using doubly labeled water, Proc. Nutr. Soc, 51, 72A
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  14. Black, A. E. (1999) Dietary Energy Intake Measurements: Validations against Energy Expenditure. Doctoral thesis, University of Ulster at Coleraine.

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Metadata

Authors
Livingstone, M. B. E., & Black, A. E.
Affiliations
University of Ulster (GB)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-03
Volume
133
Issue
3
Pages
895S-920S
ISSN
0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/jn/133.3.895s
OpenAlex
W2110579950
Cited by
1,081
References
183
Citations by year
2026: 33 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 68
FWCI
34.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
Keywords
energy intake, underreporting, energy expenditure, doubly labeled water, basal metabolic rate, energy requirements, meal patterns
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Basal Metabolism, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Child, Child, Preschool, Diet, Energy Metabolism, False Negative Reactions, Female, Humans, Infant, Isotope Labeling, Male, Nitrogen, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Reference Values, Sensitivity and Specificity, Water, Biomarkers, Nutrition Assessment

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