The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Perfectionism in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder patients
Open accessAbstract
Considerable theory and anecdotal evidence has suggested that patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are more perfectionistic. Evidence with non-clinical populations supports this hypothesis. However, no data are available on levels of perfectionism among patients diagnosed with OCD. The present study extends findings on perfectionism and OCD by comparing perfectionism levels of OCD-diagnosed patients with those of non-patients and a group of patients diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA). As predicted, patients with OCD had significantly elevated scores on Total Perfectionism, Concern Over Mistakes, and Doubts About Actions compared to non-patients controls. However, they did not differ from patients with PDA on Total Perfectionism or Concern Over Mistakes. Patients with OCD did have higher Doubts Actions scores than those with PDA. The implications for role of perfectionism in OCD and other anxiety disorders are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Although these compulsions reduce discomfort in the short term, they are negatively reinforced and ultimately serve to maintain the misappraisals.”
From Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“However, misappraisals of intrusions as personally significant, meaningful or dangerous, lead to anxiety or discomfort, and provoke maladaptive responses (e.g., compulsions) to alleviate distress [6].”
From Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The dimensions of perfectionism
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01172967 · Cited by 4,279
Self-citationObsessional-compulsive complaints
HODGSON, R. J., & Rachman, S. (1977) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(77)90042-0 · Cited by 1,238
A cognitive-behavioral model of compulsive hoarding
Frost, R. O., & Hartl, T. L. (1996) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00071-2 · Cited by 853
Self-citationClinical characteristics and family history in DSM-III obsessive- compulsive disorder
(1986) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.143.3.317 · Cited by 668
Frost, R. O., & Gross, R. C. (1993) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(93)90094-b · Cited by 605
Self-citationBlatt, S. J., Quinlan, D. M., Pilkonis, P. A., & Shea, M. T. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.63.1.125 · Cited by 329
Perfectionism, control, and components of performance anxiety in professional artists
Mor, S., Day, H., Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (1995) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf02229695 · Cited by 241
Perfectionism, responsibility and Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms
Rhéaume, J., Freeston, M. H., Dugas, M. J., Letarte, H., & Ladouceur, R. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00017-r · Cited by 233
A cybernetic model of obsessive-compulsive psychopathology
Pitman, R. K. (1987) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(87)90070-8 · Cited by 229
Obsessive-compulsive neurosis: A cognitive-behavioral formulation and approach to treatment
McFall, M. E., & Wollersheim, J. P. (1979) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01184447 · Cited by 222
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Hewitt, 1991, Perfectionism and depression: A multidimensional analysis, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 423
- Steketee, 1990, Personality traits and diagnoses in OCD, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 4, 351
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–336 of 336
Visual Brain Areas in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder - A Diffusion
Approach, T. I. (2012)
Mohammadzadeh, A., & Vahedi, M. (2017) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
Two Dimensional Factor Structure Model Validation of Perfectionism
Lee, M., & Nam, K. C. (2015) · 한국심리학회지 사회및성격 · doi:10.21193/kjspp.2015.29.2.005
Structure of Perfectionism and Relation to Career Indecision
Rohlfing, J. E. (2013)
Perfectionism and self-vulnerabilities in obsessive-compulsive and eating difficulties
Vormwald, N. (2014) · Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) · doi:10.25916/sut.26272684
Olfaction and Disgust as Predictors of Elevated Perfectionism
McLin, M. A. (2018)
심은정, & 신선임 (2018) · Korea Journal of Counseling · doi:10.15703/kjc.19.1.201802.289
L'approche transdiagnostique en psychopathologie
Douilliez, C., Rivière, J., & Dupont, M. (2016) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.mones.2016.01.0125
이서정, & Oh, K.-J. (2008) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2008.27.4.001
Mangal, A. (2013) · Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)
O’Garro-Moore, J. K. (2018) · TUScholarShare (Temple University)
Alden, P. A., & Williamson, A. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781119950905.ch30
Risky Parental Practices and Their Implications in Adult Psychopathology
Năstase, A.-C. (2021) · Studia Doctoralia · doi:10.47040/sdpsych.v12i2.133
Thought-Action Fusion and Psychopathologies: A Review of LiteraturePreprint
Türkarslan, K. K. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/wy8hn
Carter, J. D., Helliwell, E. L., Jordan, J., Woolcock, C., Bell, C., & Gilbert, C. (2022) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2022.8
Cognitive Behavioral Models of Phobias and Pervasive Anxiety
McKay, D. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-14080-8_4
Nobody’s Perfect! The Effect of Manipulating Perfectionism on Social Anxiety Symptoms
Jean, A. (2023) · The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) · doi:10.33915/etd.11839
Puşuroğlu, M. (2023) · Journal of Contemporary Medicine · doi:10.16899/jcm.1347443
Бородінчик, О. О., & Kubrichenko, T. V. (2024) · Cai fu bi ji · doi:10.15421/102102
Bouvard, M. A., Servant, D., & Rossier, J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-78319-7.00024-6
Lavoie, M. E., Aardema, F., & Leclerc, J. (2024) · Santé mentale au Québec · doi:10.7202/1114409ar
Nobody’s “Prfect”! The effect of manipulating perfectionism on social anxiety symptoms
Jean, A., Murphy, H., Sullivan, G., Swarr, L., Siegan, S., Aldebyan, A., & Steinman, S. A. (2025) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2025.2463959 · Cited by 1
Between Obsession and Optimization: A Note on Perfectionism and Non-Transitive PreferencesPreprint
Bayer, Y. M. (2025) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202504.1514.v1
Perfectionism and Preference Cycles: A Behavioral Model of Deficiency-Penalized UtilityPreprint
Bayer, Y. M. (2025) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202504.1514.v4
Murat, K. A. N. (2024) · Sentez Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi · doi:10.61749/jossar-11.335-345
Alves, M. M., Machado, G. M., & Carvalho, L. D. F. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07980-z
Chtibi, M., & DEMİR, Ö. Ö. (2025) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1618945
Lee, B. P. (2000) · Research Online (University of Wollongong)
Moloodi, R., Pourshahbaz, A., Mohammadkhani, P., Fata, L., & Ghaderi, A. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14052513
Zhang, L., & Takahashi, Y. (2026) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.1111/jpr.70026
L'approche transdiagnostique en psychopathologie
Douilliez, C., Rivière, J., & Dupont, M. (2026) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.mones.2026.01.0111
Cordoba, N., & Botella, L. (2014) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México)
A metacognitive model and therapy for generalized anxiety disorder
Wells, A. (1999) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0879(199905)6:2
Metadata
- Authors
- Frost, R. O., & Steketee, G.
- Affiliations
- Smith College (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Frost, Randy O.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-04
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 291-296
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2085235260
- Cited by
- 335
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Smith ScholarWorks (Smith College) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder with agoraphobia, concern over mistakes, doubts about actions, anxiety disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Agoraphobia, Analysis of Variance, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Personal Satisfaction, Self-Assessment, Chi-Square Distribution, Case-Control Studies, Panic Disorder
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
