Cited by 797Stress Responses and CortisolNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 99 of the 100 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Sex differences in stress responses: social rejection versus achievement stress

Stroud, Laura R, Salovey, Peter, Epel, Elissa S·2002·Biological Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01333-1

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Sex differences in stress responses may be one mechanism underlying gender differences in depression. We hypothesized that men and women would show different adrenocortical responses to different stressors. In particular, we predicted that women would show greater responses to social rejection stressors, whereas men would demonstrate greater responses to achievement stressors.Methods Following a rest session in which they habituated to the laboratory, 50 healthy volunteers (24 men and 26 women, mean age 19.1, SD = 1.13) were randomly assigned to achievement or rejection stress conditions. The achievement condition involved a mathematical and a verbal challenge; the rejection condition involved two social interaction challenges. Self-reported affect and salivary cortisol were measured throughout each stress session (baseline, stress, and poststress periods).Results There were no sex differences in mood ratings following the stressors; however, cortisol responses showed the predicted gender by condition by time interaction. Men showed significantly greater cortisol responses to the achievement challenges, but women showed greater cortisol responses to the social rejection challenges.Conclusions Women appear more physiologically reactive to social rejection challenges, but men react more to achievement challenges. Women's greater reactivity to rejection stress may contribute to the increased rates of affective disorders in women.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01333-1

Cites

99 of 99 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The ‘Trier Social Stress Test’—a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting
Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K.-M., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000119004 · Cited by 6,093
The psychology of sex differences
Maccoby, E. E. (1975) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(75)80031-1 · Cited by 5,714
Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight.
Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.107.3.411 · Cited by 3,308
Models of the self: self-construals and gender.
Cross, S., & Madson, L. (1997) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.122.1.5 · Cited by 2,851
The Concepts of Stress and Stress System Disorders: Overview of Physical and Behavioral Homeostasis
Chrousos, G. P. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480090092034 · Cited by 2,689
Book Reviews
Mendelson, G. (1995) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048679509064964 · Cited by 2,592
A Specific Laboratory Test for the Diagnosis of Melancholia: Standardization, Validation, and Clinical Utility
Carroll, B. J. (1981) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780260017001 · Cited by 2,243
Gender differences in personality: A meta-analysis.
Feingold, A. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.429 · Cited by 2,240
Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory.
Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.259 · Cited by 2,001
Impact of Gender, Menstrual Cycle Phase, and Oral Contraceptives on the Activity of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
Kirschbaum, C., Kudielka, B. M., Gaab, J., Schommer, N. C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1999) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199903000-00006 · Cited by 1,890 · cited 3×
“In response to laboratory challenges including public speaking and mental arithmetic before an audience (Kirschbaum et al 1992, 1999; Kudielka et al 1998) as well as “real-world” examination stress (Frankenhaeuser et al 1978), male subjects have generally shown greater cortisol and ACTH responses…”
Background

Show all 100 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 793

Early adversity, stress, and neurobehavioral development
Gunnar, M. R. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420001649 · Cited by 44
Self-esteem Moderates the Effects of Daily Rejection on Health and Well-being
Ford, M. B., & Collins, N. L. (2012) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2011.625647 · Cited by 43
Stress impairs acquisition of delay eyeblink conditioning in men and women
Wolf, O. T., Minnebusch, D. A., & Daum, I. (2008) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2008.11.002 · Cited by 38
Sex Differences in Acute Neuroendocrine Responses to Stressors in Rodents and HumansPreprint
Handa, R. J., Sheng, J. A., Castellanos, E., Templeton, H., & McGivern, R. F. (2022) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a039081 · Cited by 43
Children suffering from separation anxiety disorder (SAD) show increased HPA axis activity compared to healthy controls
Brand, S., Wilhelm, F. H., Kossowsky, J., Holsboer‐Trachsler, E., & Schneider, S. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.08.014 · Cited by 39
Trans Men’s Positive Emotions
Budge, S. L., Orovecz, J. J., & Thai, J. L. (2015) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000014565715 · Cited by 47
Work stress models and diurnal cortisol variations: The SALVEO study.
Marchand, A., Juster, R., Durand, P., & LUPIEN, S. J. (2015) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0039674 · Cited by 37
Will they like me? Neural and behavioral responses to social-evaluative peer feedback in socially and non-socially anxious females
van der Molen, M. J. W., Harrewijn, A., & Westenberg, P. M. (2018) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.02.016 · Cited by 35
Preliminary evidence
Thoma, M. V., Mewes, R., & Nater, U. M. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000009851 · Cited by 38
Gender moderates the relationship between stressful life events and psychopathology: Findings from a national study.
Armstrong, J., Ronzitti, S., Hoff, R., & Potenza, M. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.09.012 · Cited by 30
Recent depressive and anxious symptoms predict cortisol responses to stress in men
Brooks, K. P., & Robles, T. F. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.02.005 · Cited by 36
Bullying the Brain? Longitudinal Links Between Childhood Peer Victimization, Cortisol, and Adolescent Brain Structure
du Plessis, M. R., Smeekens, S., Cillessen, A. H. N., Whittle, S., & Güroğlu, B. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02706 · Cited by 45
The Influence of Internalizing Symptoms and Emotion Dysregulation on the Association Between Witnessed Community Violence and Aggression Among Urban Adolescents
Cooley, J. L., Ritschel, L. A., Frazer, A. L., & Blossom, J. B. (2019) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-019-00890-9 · Cited by 35
Physical Activity versus Psychological Stress: Effects on Salivary Cortisol and Working Memory Performance
Ponce, P., Arco, A. D., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2019) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina55050119 · Cited by 35
NICU-based stress response and preterm infant neurobehavior: exploring the critical windows for exposure
Zhang, X., Spear, E. A., Hsu, H. L., Gennings, C., & Stroustrup, A. (2022) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-022-01983-3 · Cited by 35
Sex and Gender and Allostatic Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Risk and Disease
Longpré-Poirier, C., Dougoud, J., Jacmin-Park, S., Moussaoui, F., Vilme, J., Desjardins, G., Cartier, L., Cipriani, E., Kerr, P., Page, C. L., et al. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2022.09.011 · Cited by 40
Parental family stress during pregnancy and cognitive functioning in early childhood: The Generation R Study☆
Henrichs, J., Schenk, J., Kok, R., Ftitache, B., Schmidt, H., Hofman, A., Jaddoe, V., Verhulst, F., & Tiemeier, H. (2011) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2011.01.003 · Cited by 43
Long-term academic stress increases the late component of error processing: An ERP study
Wu, J., Yuan, Y., Duan, H., Qin, S., Buchanan, T. W., Zhang, K., & Zhang, L. (2014) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.03.002 · Cited by 39
Differential effects of mild repeated restraint stress on behaviors and GABAA receptors in male and female rats
Chadda, R., & Devaud, L. L. (2005) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2005.06.009 · Cited by 35
Menstrual cycle-related changes in HPA axis reactivity to acute psychosocial and physiological stressors – A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Klusmann, H., Luecking, N., Engel, S., Blecker, M. K., Knaevelsrud, C., & Schumacher, S. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105212 · Cited by 39
Biopsychosocial responses to social rejection in targets of relational aggression
Zwolinski, J. (2008) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.06.006 · Cited by 37
Neural responses to social acceptance predict behavioral adjustments following peer feedback in the context of a real‐time social interaction task
Weinberg, A., Ethridge, P., Pegg, S. L., Freeman, C. R., Kujawa, A., & Dirks, M. A. (2020) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13748 · Cited by 38
Normative Data on Anxiety Symptoms on the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children in Taiwanese Children and Adolescents: Differences in Sex, Age, and Residence and Comparison with an American Sample
Yen, C.-F., Ko, C.-H., Wu, Y.-Y., Yen, J., Hsu, F.-C., & Yang, P.-C. (2010) · Child Psychiatry and Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-010-0191-4 · Cited by 30
Association of HPA axis hormones with copeptin after psychological stress differs by sex
Spanakis, E. K., Wand, G. S., Ji, N., & Golden, S. H. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.009 · Cited by 36
Evaluation of stress response using psychological, biological, and electrophysiological markers during immersive simulation of life threatening events in multidisciplinary teams
Ghazali, D. A., Darmian-Rafei, I., Nadolny, J., Sosner, P., Ragot, S., & Oriot, D. (2017) · Australian Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2017.07.001 · Cited by 34
Youth offspring of mothers with posttraumatic stress disorder have altered stress reactivity in response to a laboratory stressor
Danielson, C. K., Hankin, B. L., & Badanes, L. S. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.01.001 · Cited by 33
Social support moderates the relationship between sleep and inflammation in a population at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease
Tomfohr, L. M., Edwards, K. M., Madsen, J. W., & Mills, P. J. (2015) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12549 · Cited by 33
Implicit need for achievement predicts attenuated cortisol responses to difficult tasks
Schultheiss, O. C., Wiemers, U. S., & Wolf, O. T. (2013) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.10.004 · Cited by 33
Quality of relationships with parents and friends in adolescence predicts metabolic risk in young adulthood.
Ehrlich, K. B., Hoyt, L. T., Sumner, J. A., McDade, T. W., & Adam, E. K. (2015) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000213 · Cited by 33
The role of age and motivation for the experience of social acceptance and rejection.
Nikitin, J., Schoch, S., & Freund, A. M. (2014) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036979 · Cited by 32
Wives' and Husbands' Cortisol Reactivity to Proximal and Distal Dimensions of Couple Conflict
Rodriguez, A. J., & Margolin, G. (2013) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12037 · Cited by 36
Stress Enhances the Memory-Degrading Effects of Eye Movements on Emotionally Neutral Memories
Littel, M., Remijn, M., Tinga, A. M., Engelhard, I. M., & van den Hout, M. (2017) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702616687292 · Cited by 32
Hungry for inclusion: Exposure to peer victimization and heightened social monitoring in adolescent girls
Telzer, E. H., Fowler, C. H., Davis, M. M., & Rudolph, K. D. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419001433 · Cited by 36
Depressive symptoms and gender differences in older adults in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network analysis approach
Jin, Y., Sun, H., Lam, S. C., Su, Z., Hall, B. J., Cheung, T. C. C., Qin, M., Ng, C. H., & Xiang, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.69460 · Cited by 32
Efficacy of the Mental Health App “Intellect” to Improve Body Image and Self-compassion in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial With a 4-Week Follow-up
Ong, W. Y., & Sündermann, O. (2022) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/41800 · Cited by 40
Social neuroscience of child and adolescent depression
Miller, A. (2007) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2006.02.008 · Cited by 30
Do you see what I see? Sex differences in the discrimination of facial emotions during adolescence.
Lee, N. C., Krabbendam, L., White, T. P., Meeter, M., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G. J., Bokde, A. L. W., Büchel, C., Conrod, P., Flor, H., et al. (2013) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0033560 · Cited by 40
Children’s context inappropriate anger and salivary cortisol.
Locke, R. L., Davidson, R. J., Kalin, N. H., & Goldsmith, H. H. (2009) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015975 · Cited by 33
Hormones and human developmental plasticity
Ponzi, D., Flinn, M. V., Muehlenbein, M. P., & Nepomnaschy, P. A. (2020) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2020.110721 · Cited by 34
Systematic manipulations of the biological stress systems result in sex-specific compensatory stress responses and negative mood outcomes
Ali, N., Nitschke, J. P., Cooperman, C., Baldwin, M. W., & Pruessner, J. C. (2020) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-020-0726-8 · Cited by 34
How does parent–child attachment influence left‐behind children's loneliness and depression: The mediating roles of peer attachment and teacher–student relationship
Tan, D., Xie, R., Song, S., Ding, W., Wu, W., & Li, W. (2023) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.13118 · Cited by 38
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children among adolescents in the cape town metropole of South Africa
Fincham, D. S., Schickerling, J. C., Temane, Q. M., Nel, D. G., Roover, W. D., & Seedat, S. (2007) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20406 · Cited by 31
Gender differences in the association of a high quality job and self-esteem over time: A multiwave study
Keller, A. C., Meier, L. L., Gross, S., & Semmer, N. K. (2013) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2013.865118 · Cited by 34
Gender and Ethnic Differences in Stress Reduction, Reactivity, and Recovery
Rausch, S. M., Auerbach, S. M., & Gramling, S. E. (2008) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9460-0 · Cited by 32
Endocrine and emotional response to exclusion among women and men; cortisol, salivary alpha amylase, and mood
Helpman, L., Penso, J., Zagoory-Sharon, O., Feldman, R., & Gilboa-Schechtman, E. (2016) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2016.1269323 · Cited by 29
Perceived transgressor agreeableness decreases cortisol response and increases forgiveness following recent interpersonal transgressions
Tabak, B. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2011) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.05.001 · Cited by 30
Leveraging the experience of stressors: the role of adaptive systematic self-reflection
Crane, M. F., Kangas, M., Karin, E., Searle, B. J., & Chen, D. A. (2020) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2020.1732359 · Cited by 32
Cognitive emotion regulation withstands the stress test: An fMRI study on the effect of acute stress on distraction and reappraisal
Sandner, M., Zeier, P., Lois, G., & Wessa, M. (2021) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107876 · Cited by 36
Child Deprivation as a Mediator of the Relationships between Family Poverty, Bullying Victimization, and Psychological Distress
Chen, J., Wang, Z., Wong, H., & Tang, V. M. (2021) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-021-09835-y · Cited by 33
Influence of gender and stress on the volatile sulfur compounds and stress biomarkers production
Lima, P., Calil, C. M., & Marcondes, F. K. (2012) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.12011 · Cited by 30
Effects of manipulating the amount of social-evaluative threat on the cortisol stress response in young healthy women
Wadiwalla, M., Andrews, J., Lai, B., Buß, C., LUPIEN, S. J., & Pruessner, J. C. (2010) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890903277561 · Cited by 29
Cortisol and antisocial behavior in early adolescence: The role of gender in an economically disadvantaged sample
Kobak, R., Zajac, K., & Levine, S. (2009) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579409000315 · Cited by 30
Human Males Appear More Prepared Than Females to Resolve Conflicts with Same-Sex Peers
Benenson, J. F., Kuhn, M. N., Ryan, P. J., Ferranti, A. J., Blondin, R., Shea, M., Charpentier, C., Thompson, M. E., & Wrangham, R. W. (2014) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-014-9198-z · Cited by 29
Individual and Day-to-Day Differences in Active Coping Predict Diurnal Cortisol Patterns among Early Adolescent Girls
Sladek, M. R., Doane, L. D., & Stroud, C. B. (2016) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0591-2 · Cited by 31
Allostatic load and stress biomarkers in a sample of community-dwelling older adults
Freire, A. D. N. F., Fernandes, J., Pereira, D. S., Gomes, C. D. S., & Guerra, R. O. (2019) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2019.104006 · Cited by 29
Explaining biological differences between men and women by gendered mechanisms
Colineaux, H., Neufcourt, L., Delpierre, C., Kelly‐Irving, M., & Lepage, B. (2023) · Emerging Themes in Epidemiology · doi:10.1186/s12982-023-00121-6 · Cited by 38
Gender Differences in the Determinants of Distress, Alcohol Misuse, and Related Psychiatric Disorders
Elliott, M. (2013) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/2156869312474828 · Cited by 29
Psychoneuroendocrinology of Stress
Gunnar, M. R., Doom, J. R., & Esposito, E. A. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy304 · Cited by 29
The Iowa Gambling Task: Men and Women Perform Differently. A Meta-analysis
Zanini, L., Picano, C., & Spitoni, G. F. (2024) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-024-09637-3 · Cited by 34
Validation of an online version of the trier social stress test in adult men and women
Meier, M., Haub, K., Schramm, M.-L., Hamma, M., Bentele, U. U., Dimitroff, S. J., Gärtner, R., Denk, B., Benz, A., Unternäehrer, E., et al. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105818 · Cited by 38
Gender Differences in Acculturation, Stress, and Salivary Cortisol Response Among Former Soviet Immigrants
Nicholson, L., Miller, A. M., Schwertz, D. W., & Sorokin, O. (2012) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-012-9752-x · Cited by 28
Back to work – evaluation of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme with emphasis on musculoskeletal disorders. A two-year follow-up
Sjöström, R., Alricsson, M., & Asplund, R. (2008) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280701400599 · Cited by 28
Children's stress regulation mediates the association between prenatal maternal mood and child executive functions for boys, but not girls
Neuenschwander, R., Hookenson, K., Brain, U. M., GRUNAU, R. E., Devlin, A. M., Weinberg, J., Diamond, A. D., & Oberlander, T. F. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457941800041x · Cited by 29
Physiological stress reactivity and empathy following social exclusion: A test of the defensive emotional analgesia hypothesis
Bass, E. C., Stednitz, S. J., Simonson, K., Shen, T., & Gahtan, E. (2014) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2014.929533 · Cited by 33
Androgen regulation of behavioral stress responses and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Zuloaga, D. G., Lafrican, J. J., & Zuloaga, K. L. (2024) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105528 · Cited by 30
Don’t judge me: Psychophysiological evidence of gender differences to social evaluative feedback
Vanderhasselt, M., Raedt, R. D., Nasso, S., Puttevils, L., & Mueller, S. C. (2018) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.02.017 · Cited by 28
Upward social comparison sensitivity on teachers’ emotional exhaustion: A moderated moderation model of self-esteem and gender
Hui, Q., Yao, C., Li, M., & You, X. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.081 · Cited by 30
Cortisol response to the Trier Social Stress Test in obese and reduced obese individuals
Therrien, F., Drapeau, V., Lalonde, J., LUPIEN, S. J., Beaulieu, S., Doré, J., Tremblay, A., & Richard, D. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.03.013 · Cited by 27
Higher cognitive ability buffers stress-related depressive symptoms in adolescent girls
Riglin, L., Collishaw, S., Shelton, K. H., McManus, I. C., Ng‐Knight, T., Sellers, R., Thapar, A. K., Frederickson, N. L., & Rice, F. J. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000310 · Cited by 30
Biologic effects of stress and bonding in mother–infant pairs
Spratt, E. G., Marsh, C. H., Wahlquist, A. E., Papa, C. E., Nietert, P. J., Brady, K. T., Herbert, T. L., & Wagner, C. L. (2016) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.1177/0091217416652382 · Cited by 27
Sex Differences in Stress Reactivity of Hippocampal BDNF in Mice are Associated with the Female Preponderance of Decreased Locomotor Activity in Response to Restraint Stress
Yamaura, K., Bi, Y., Ishiwatari, M., 大石, 信., Fukata, H., & Ueno, K. (2013) · ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE · doi:10.2108/zsj.30.1019 · Cited by 28
Racial inequality, racial discrimination and obesity incidence in adults from the ELSA-Brasil cohort
Machado, A. V., Camelo, L. D. V., Chor, D., Griep, R. H., Guimarães, J. M. N., Giatti, L., & Barreto, S. M. (2021) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2020-214740 · Cited by 25
Physiological Stress Response, Estrogen, and the Male–Female Mortality Gap
Kajantie, E. (2008) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00604.x · Cited by 27
Effects of ostracism and sex on alcohol consumption in a clinical laboratory setting.
Bacon, A., Cranford, A. N., & Blumenthal, H. (2015) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000054 · Cited by 20
Theorizing Sex Differences in Political Knowledge: Insights from a Twin Study
Hannagan, R. J., Littvay, L., & Popa, S. A. (2014) · Politics & Gender · doi:10.1017/s1743923x1300055x · Cited by 26
Testing, Stress, and Performance: How Students Respond Physiologically to High-Stakes Testing
Heissel, J. A., Adam, E. K., Doleac, J. L., Figlio, D., & Meer, J. (2018) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w25305 · Cited by 26
The role of co-rumination and adrenocortical attunement in young women’s close friendships
Rankin, A., Swearingen-Stanborough, C., Granger, D. A., & Byrd-Craven, J. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.027 · Cited by 25
Towards a Biopsychological Understanding of Costly Punishment: The Role of Basal Cortisol
Pfattheicher, S., & Keller, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085691 · Cited by 25
Stressful life events and psychosis: Gender differences
Mansueto, G., & Faravelli, C. (2021) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3067 · Cited by 25
Public speaking in front of an unreceptive audience increases implicit power motivation and its endocrine arousal signature
Wiemers, U. S., Schultheiss, O. C., & Wolf, O. T. (2015) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.04.007 · Cited by 25
Gender specific association of child abuse and adult cardiovascular disease in a sample of patients with Basal Cell Carcinoma
Hosang, G. M., Johnson, S. L., Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., Gregorio, M. P. D., Lambert, D. R., Bechtel, M. A., Hearne, D. W., Herron, J. B., & Glaser, R. (2013) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.018 · Cited by 25
Exposure to a sex-specific stressor mitigates sex differences in stress-induced eating
Clauss, N. J., & Byrd‐Craven, J. (2019) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.01.017 · Cited by 24
Gaze behavior is associated with the cortisol response to acute psychosocial stress in the virtual TSST
Vatheuer, C. C., Vehlen, A., von Dawans, B., & Domes, G. (2021) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-021-02344-w · Cited by 25
Stressor-Specific Sex Differences in Amygdala-Frontal Cortex Networks
Bürger, Z., Müller, V. I., Hoffstaedter, F., Habel, U., Gur, R. C., Windischberger, C., Moser, E., Derntl, B., & Kogler, L. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12030865 · Cited by 28
Stress responses in medical students in ambulatory and in‐hospital patient consultations
Pottier, P., Hardouin, J.-B., Dejoie, T., Bonnaud‐Antignac, A., Loupp, A.-G. L., Planchon, B., & LeBlanc, V. R. (2011) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.03935.x · Cited by 27
“Relational by Nature”? Men and Women Do Not Differ in Physiological Response to Social Stressors Faced by Token Women
Taylor, C. J. (2016) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/686698 · Cited by 27
The role of stress response in the association between autonomy and adjustment in adolescents
Cook, E. C., Wilkinson, K., & Stroud, L. R. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.049 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Race and Gender Differences in the Association Between Experiences of Everyday Discrimination and Arterial Stiffness Among Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Bromfield, S. G., Sullivan, S. M., Saelee, R., Elon, L., Lima, B. B., Young, A., Uphoff, I., Li, L., Quyyumi, A. A., Bremner, J. D., et al. (2020) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa015 · Cited by 24
Association between occupational or environmental noise exposure and renal function among middle-aged and older Korean adults: a cross-sectional study
Kim, Y. J., Choi, W.-J., Ham, S., Kang, S., & Lee, W. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03647-4 · Cited by 23
The effects of threatened social evaluation of the physique on cortisol activity
Ginis, K. A. M., Strong, H. A., Arent, S. M., & Bray, S. R. (2012) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2011.652111 · Cited by 27
Evolution of Sex Differences in Trait- and Age-Specific Vulnerabilities
Geary, D. C. (2016) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691616650677 · Cited by 22
Effects of Rifaximin on Central Responses to Social Stress—a Pilot Experiment
Wang, H., Braun, C., & Enck, P. (2018) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-018-0627-2 · Cited by 24
Hair cortisol concentration mediates the association between parent and child psychopathology
Ferro, M. A., & González, A. (2020) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104613 · Cited by 25
In pre-school children, cortisol secretion remains stable over 12 months and is related to psychological functioning and gender
Hatzinger, M., Brand, S., Perren, S., von Wyl, A., Stadelmann, S., von Klitzing, K., & Holsboer‐Trachsler, E. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.05.030 · Cited by 23
Sex effects in the interaction of acute stress and pain perception
Geva, N., Golan, S., Pinchas, L., & Defrin, R. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002743 · Cited by 22
Multiple Roles and Stress Burden in Women: A Conceptual Model of Heart Disease Risk
Terrill, A. L., Garofalo, J. P., Soliday, E., & Craft, R. M. (2012) · Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9861.2011.00071.x · Cited by 25
Self-focus and social evaluative threat increase salivary cortisol responses to acute stress in men
Denson, T. F., Creswell, J. D., & Smith, I. G. (2012) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-011-9393-x · Cited by 24
Social-cognitive predictors of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal reactivity to interpersonal conflict in emerging adult couples
Laurent, H. K., & Powers, S. I. (2006) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407506065991 · Cited by 22
α9-nAChR knockout mice exhibit dysregulation of stress responses, affect and reward-related behaviour
Mohammadi, S. A., Burton, T. J., & Christie, M. J. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.005 · Cited by 23
Psychosocial stress and bone loss among postmenopausal women: results from the Women’s Health Initiative
Follis, S., Bea, J. W., Klimentidis, Y. C., Hu, C., Crandall, C. J., Garcia, D. O., Shadyab, A. H., Nassir, R., & Chen, Z. (2019) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2019-212516 · Cited by 22

Authors: Stroud, L. R., Salovey, P., & Epel, E. S.
Affiliations: Brown University (US)
Yale University (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author: Stroud, Laura R
ORCID: Stroud, Laura R
Salovey, Peter
Epel, Elissa S
Venue: Biological Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-08
Volume: 52
Issue: 4
Pages: 318-327
ISSN: 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01333-1
OpenAlex: W2024158767
Cited by: 797
References: 100
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 4.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000125, RR00125)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: sex differences, stress response, social rejection, salivary cortisol, adrenocortical reactivity, gender differences in depression, mood disorders, mood, stress hormones
MeSH terms: Achievement, Adolescent, Adrenal Cortex, Adult, Affect, Arousal, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Rejection, Psychology, Saliva, Stress, Psychological

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Sex differences in stress responses: social rejection versus achievement stress

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks