Cited by 797Stress Responses and CortisolNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 99 of the 100 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Sex differences in stress responses: social rejection versus achievement stress

Stroud, Laura R, Salovey, Peter, Epel, Elissa S·2002·Biological Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01333-1

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Sex differences in stress responses may be one mechanism underlying gender differences in depression. We hypothesized that men and women would show different adrenocortical responses to different stressors. In particular, we predicted that women would show greater responses to social rejection stressors, whereas men would demonstrate greater responses to achievement stressors.Methods Following a rest session in which they habituated to the laboratory, 50 healthy volunteers (24 men and 26 women, mean age 19.1, SD = 1.13) were randomly assigned to achievement or rejection stress conditions. The achievement condition involved a mathematical and a verbal challenge; the rejection condition involved two social interaction challenges. Self-reported affect and salivary cortisol were measured throughout each stress session (baseline, stress, and poststress periods).Results There were no sex differences in mood ratings following the stressors; however, cortisol responses showed the predicted gender by condition by time interaction. Men showed significantly greater cortisol responses to the achievement challenges, but women showed greater cortisol responses to the social rejection challenges.Conclusions Women appear more physiologically reactive to social rejection challenges, but men react more to achievement challenges. Women's greater reactivity to rejection stress may contribute to the increased rates of affective disorders in women.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01333-1

Cites

99 of 99 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The ‘Trier Social Stress Test’—a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting
Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K.-M., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000119004 · Cited by 6,093
The psychology of sex differences
Maccoby, E. E. (1975) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(75)80031-1 · Cited by 5,714
Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight.
Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.107.3.411 · Cited by 3,308
Models of the self: self-construals and gender.
Cross, S., & Madson, L. (1997) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.122.1.5 · Cited by 2,851
The Concepts of Stress and Stress System Disorders: Overview of Physical and Behavioral Homeostasis
Chrousos, G. P. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480090092034 · Cited by 2,689
Book Reviews
Mendelson, G. (1995) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048679509064964 · Cited by 2,592
A Specific Laboratory Test for the Diagnosis of Melancholia: Standardization, Validation, and Clinical Utility
Carroll, B. J. (1981) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780260017001 · Cited by 2,243
Gender differences in personality: A meta-analysis.
Feingold, A. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.429 · Cited by 2,240
Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory.
Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.259 · Cited by 2,001
Impact of Gender, Menstrual Cycle Phase, and Oral Contraceptives on the Activity of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
Kirschbaum, C., Kudielka, B. M., Gaab, J., Schommer, N. C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1999) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199903000-00006 · Cited by 1,890 · cited 3×
“In response to laboratory challenges including public speaking and mental arithmetic before an audience (Kirschbaum et al 1992, 1999; Kudielka et al 1998) as well as “real-world” examination stress (Frankenhaeuser et al 1978), male subjects have generally shown greater cortisol and ACTH responses…”
Background

Show all 100 references

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 793

Grandmothers and Hormonal Underpinnings: Unexplored Aspects of Women’s Same-Sex Relationships
Byrd‐Craven, J., & Rankin, A. M. (2021) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02222-2 · Cited by 2
Effects of Psychosocial Stress on Individual Hpa Axis Response and Gender Differences
Li, W.-J. (2023) · Advances in Social Sciences · doi:10.12677/ass.2023.126474
Our Sexy Brain; Our Compelling Environment: Interactionism in Female Development
Silverman, D. K. (2010) · The Psychoanalytic Review · doi:10.1521/prev.2010.97.1.1 · Cited by 2
Rostros, gestos y emociones: procesamiento diferencial de las expresiones faciales emocionales en población infanto-juvenil según el sexo
Morales, H. L., Agulla, L., Zabaletta, V., Vivas, L., & López, M. (2017) · Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento ( RACC ) · doi:10.32348/1852.4206.v9.n3.18521 · Cited by 2
Perfectionism and suicide ideation : an assessment of the specific vulnerability hypothesis and stress generation model
Chen, C. (2012) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0073073 · Cited by 2
Relação da depressão com os eixos hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal, hipotálamo-hipófise-tireóide e o estresse precoce
Vilela, L. H. M. (2014) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.17.2014.tde-09122014-152101 · Cited by 2
Biology of Financial Market Instability
Coates, J., & Page, L. (2016) · The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics · doi:10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_3023-1 · Cited by 2
Explaining biological differences between men and women by gendered mechanismsPreprint
Colineaux, H., Neufcourt, L., Delpierre, C., Kelly‐Irving, M., & Lepage, B. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2374987/v1 · Cited by 2
Conceal Don’t Feel: Study of Interpersonal Closeness Between High School Males in California
Li, C., & Fenderson, T. (2021) · Journal of Student Research · doi:10.47611/jsrhs.v10i2.1767 · Cited by 1
The Negative Effect of Team Performance on Sponsorship Brand Performance: The Mediating Role of Social Identity Threat
Dong, X., Yuan, H., & Huang, L. (2023) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2023.07.003 · Cited by 1
Neural underpinnings of threat bias in relation to loss-of-control eating behaviors among adolescent girls with high weight
Byrne, M. E., Tanofsky‐Kraff, M., Liuzzi, L., Holroyd, T., Parker, M. N., Bloomer, B. F., Nugent, A. C., Brady, S. M., Yang, S. B., Turner, S. A., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1276300 · Cited by 1
Psychosocial Risk in Women with Heart Disease
van Schalkwijk, D. L., Mommersteeg, P. M. C., & Kupper, N. H. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65952-2_15 · Cited by 1
You say it‘s not me: the influence of offering external explanations of rejection and acceptance behavior on the perception of benevolence in borderline personality disorder
Schulze, A., Rommelfanger, B., Schendel, E., Kammler-Sücker, K. I., & Lis, S. (2024) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-024-00275-y · Cited by 4
Alcohol consumption and preference in female rats induced by reward downshift reveals sex generality of the modulatory role of physical activity
Castejón, E., Ambrosio, E., Pellón, R., & Torres, C. (2024) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000799 · Cited by 1
Give and (Not) take: How transparency of refusals and acceptances in reciprocal exchange affects inequality
Savage, S. V., & Whitham, M. M. (2024) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103130 · Cited by 1
Understanding Academic Evaluation Anxiety in Portuguese Adolescents: A Psychosocial and Educational Perspective
Reis, M., Noronha, C., Tomé, G., Carvalho, M., Rodrigues, N. N., & de Matos, M. G. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.32604/ijmhp.2025.070318 · Cited by 1
Life course socioeconomic trajectories and chronic disease risk in later life among 30,055 older adults across 27 European countries (the SHARE study)
Abreu, T. C., Beulens, J. W. J., Vaartjes, I. C. H., & Mackenbach, J. D. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-04544-7 · Cited by 2
Sex-specific neural activation in response to acute and chronic restraint stress in mice.
Li, A.-J., McGraw, M., Landsparger, H., Benjamin, L., & Qualls-Creekmore, E. (2026) · Physiology and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115334 · Cited by 1
Understanding Academic Pressure in Primary School: Associations With Mental Health and Social Connectedness
Vanluydt, E., Delespaul, P., Putrik, P., van Amelsvoort, T., Levels, M., & Huijts, T. (2026) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/02724316261446598 · Cited by 1
Differences in cortisol responding and post-stress affiliation among women who are naturally cycling, using oral contraceptives, and using IUDs
Joslin, M. D. M., Shields, G. S., Sibson, A., & Makhanova, A. (2026) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107875 · Cited by 1
Beyond a simple marker of stress: A multiverse analysis of biopsychosocial associations with hair cortisol and cortisone
Janousch, C., Eggenberger, L., Johnson‐Ferguson, L., Voegel, C. D., Baumgartner, M. R., Ribeaud, D., Eisner, M., Binz, T. M., Shanahan, L., & Quednow, B. B. (2026) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107953 · Cited by 1
Psychological Aspects and Rehabilitation Protocols
Castelnuovo, G., Manzoni, G. M., Villa, V., Pietrabissa, G., & Molinari, E. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35972-9_9 · Cited by 1
The Evolution of Social Pain: Understanding the Neural Network of Social Ostracism through Electroencephalogram Waves
Kern, D. (2011) · Digital Commons at Illinois Wesleyan University (Illinois Wesleyan University) · Cited by 1
On Basic Physiological Stress Mechanisms in Men and Women: Gender Observations on Catecholamines, Cortisol and Blood Pressure Monitored in Daily Life
Theorell, T. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09241-6_7 · Cited by 1
Stress and Eyewitness Memory: Timing of Stressor and Association with Cortisol Stress Responding
Robicheaux, T. R. (2015) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 1
Gender Differences in the Role of Stress and Emotion in Cardiovascular Function and Disease
Anderson, D. E., & Chesney, M. A. (2010) · Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374271-1.00017-4 · Cited by 1
Gender Differences of Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior Problems According to the Extracurricular Education
Song, J., Jon, D., Soek, J. H., Hong, N., Kim, Y.-S., & Hong, H.-J. (2010) · Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.5765/jkacap.2010.21.1.037 · Cited by 1
Moderation Effects of Spirituality on Stress and Health
Chung, K.-Y. (2010) · Cited by 1
The role of stress, coping and negative affect as dynamic risk factors of interpersonal violence and victimization
Lavoie, J. A. A. (2010) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 1
EFFECTS OF BACK MASSAGE ON PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS AND SALIVARY BIOMARKERS
Noto, Y., Kudo, M., Sato, T., Ebina, M., & Hirota, K. (2007) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · Cited by 1
Gut getarnt ist halb gewonnen? Depression bei Männern
Möller-Leimkühler, A. M. (2015) · Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht eBooks · doi:10.13109/9783666452437.88 · Cited by 1
Sex differences in the psychophysiological response to an intergroup conflict
Alacreu‐Crespo, A., Peñarroja, V., Hidalgo, V., Martínez‐Tur, V., Salvador, A., & Serrano, M. Á. (2019) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107780 · Cited by 1
Gender Differences in the Role of Stress and Emotion in Cardiovascular Function and Disease
Anderson, D. E., & Chesney, M. A. (2004) · Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-012440905-7/50292-9 · Cited by 1
Negative emotion-conditioned prepulse induces the attentional enhancement of prepulse inhibition in humans
Yang, X., Chen, L., Yang, P., Yang, X., Liu, L., & Li, L. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114179 · Cited by 1
Resilience and Violent Victimization of Youth With Mental Disorders: Group Differences Based on Sex?
Harris, M. N. (2023) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287231161528 · Cited by 1
When mothers are more negative while fathers are less positive: Offspring's temporary feelings of depression affect parental work engagement via the asymmetric effects of emotions transmission
Lu, L., & Wang, L. (2023) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.644 · Cited by 1
Stress Reactivity and Exercise in Women
Traustadóttir, T. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21881-1_18 · Cited by 2
Neurobiological Investigation of Depression: Unraveling the Biological Basis of a Complex Mental Health Challenge
Panigrahy, A., Prusty, S. K., & Panigrahi, G. (2023) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance · doi:10.25258/ijpqa.14.4.71 · Cited by 2
Resilience of young adults in Korea: Navigating the impact of collective trauma and anxiety
Jung, J., Shin, J., & Lee, W. (2024) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640241303023 · Cited by 1
Trends in prevalence, associated comorbid burden, and subsequent mortality of social isolation: A gender perspective
Shu, X., Sun, Z., Yang, Y., Huang, H., Guo, Q., Ye, L., Qiu, W., Zhang, Z., & Wu, S. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120307 · Cited by 1
Stress and headache
Britton, C. B. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139206952.007 · Cited by 1
Cortisol Reactivity to Stress and Decision–making in Adolescents: There is Gender Difference
Lu, Q., Tao, F., Fangli, H. O. U., & Sun, Y. (2014) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2014.00647 · Cited by 1
Salivary Cortisol As A Measure Of Stress Reactivity In Adolescents With Psychiatric Disorders
Brown, C. (2016) · Cited by 1
Physiological Reactivity and Neural Correlates of Trait Narcissism
Krusemark, E. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_23 · Cited by 1
Assessment of mental tension to emotionally significant situations in operators
Chaikovsky, I. A., Kalnysh, V. V., Kryvova, O., IRTC IT a S of NAS of Ukraine, K., Козак, Л. М., IRTC IT a S of NAS of Ukraine, K., Vyrovoy, Y. S., & Frolov, Y. A. (2015) · Ukrainian Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.33573/ujoh2015.02.041 · Cited by 1
Herzchirurgie
Stanger, O. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-3766-6_16 · Cited by 1
Influencia do estado de ansiedade e do ciclo menstrual sobre a produção de compostos sulfurados volateis em individuos saudaveis
Calil, C. M. (2006) · doi:10.47749/t/unicamp.2006.387534 · Cited by 1
Neuroendocrine and Affective Responses to Social Rejection and Acceptance by Peers
Blackhart, G. C. (2006) · Cited by 1
Gender differences in depressive symptoms: The interaction of cognitive avoidance coping and specific stressor domains during freshmen adaptation to college
Dickson, D. A. (2012) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 1
Stress and Immune Function in Humans: A Life‐Course Perspective
Moynihan, J. A., Heffner, K. L., Caserta, M. T., & O’Connor, T. G. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118314814.ch13 · Cited by 1
Neuroendocrinological factors of antisocial behaviour in adolescents
Popma, A., Vermeiren, R. R. J. M., Jansen, L. M. C., & DORELEIJERS, T. A. H. (2007) · Netherlands journal of psychology · doi:10.1007/bf03061074 · Cited by 1
Experimental stress methodology, personality and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis associations: A commentary on ‘Global stress response during a social stress test: impact of alexithymia and its subfactors’
O’Súilleabháin, P. S. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.08.018 · Cited by 1
Sex differences in the stress responses of children affected by hurricane Katrina
Vigil, J. M. (2007) · MOspace Institutional Repository (University of Missouri) · doi:10.32469/10355/4704 · Cited by 1
Neuroticism and home biasPreprint
Niszczota, P. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/hkwav · Cited by 1
The impacts of social support and early life stress on stress reactivity in children and adolescents
Hostinar, C. E. (2013) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 1
Peer Rejection, Gender Differences in Response to
Hance, M. A., Hernandez, D. K., & Blackhart, G. C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2448-1 · Cited by 1
Stress, Affect Systems and Eating Pathology in Problematic Weight Regulation
Kupeli, N. (2014) · University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) · doi:10.18745/th.15438 · Cited by 1
Loneliness and Health: Physiological and Cognitive Mechanisms in Adulthood and Childhood
Nowland, R. A. (2014) · CLOK (University of Central Lancashire)
Subtle Signs of Exclusion: How lack of mimicry affects the perception of self and others
van Knippenberg, A. F. M., van Baaren, R. B., & Kouzakova, M. (2003)
Gender, Stress, and Health
O’Neal, L. J. (2014) · The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society · doi:10.1002/9781118410868.wbehibs429
HUBUNGAN INTENSITAS NYERI DENGAN STRES PASIEN OSTEOARTRITIS DI RSUP H. ADAM MALIK MEDAN
Lumbantoruan, S. M. (2012)
Explanatory Cohrence in the Context of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Geller, B. D. (2014) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · doi:10.13016/m2hw4s
Psychosocial and stress-related aspects on Ischemic Heart Disease
Bengtsson, I. (2011) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Young, Gifted, and Female: A Look at Academic and Social Needs
Meredith, C. C. (2009) · Gifted and Talented International · doi:10.1080/15332276.2009.11673533
Measuring the effects of stress on cognitive function in real-world and laboratory contexts: the potential protective effects of phospholipid supplementation
Boyle, N. B. (2013) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Social affiliation: A model of anxious avoidance in women
Stoyanova, M. (2013) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska)
Gene-environment interactions in cortisol reactivity: Sex, genes, and adversity predict responses to psychosocial stress
Reid, M. W. (2014) · Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon)
Efeitos do escitalopram sobre a identificação de expressões faciais
Alves-Neto, W. C. (2008) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2008.tde-25032009-210215
Biological And Subjective Responses To Minority Status And Social Exclusion In The Workplace: A Gendered Perspective
Taylor, C. J. (2010) · eCommons (Cornell University)
How Your Spouse May Save You: An Analysis of Early Environment, Physiological Stress Responses, and Spousal Support
Roth, D. P. (2023) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/2977538
STRESS AND EPISODIC MEMORY: THE FATE OF NEUTRAL VERSUS EMOTIONAL INFORMATION
Payne, J. D. (2005) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
La santé mentale des femmes et des hommes de 65 ans et plus : rôle du stress quotidien et du soutien social
Bergeron, J. (2013) · doi:10.71781/28195
Geschlechtsunterschiede bei funktionellen Psychosen: Evidenz aus der MRT-Forschung?
Em, M., Scheuerecker, J., & Habel, U. (2008) · Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)
Adrenocortical Responses to Strangers in Preschoolers: Relations With Parenting, Temperament, and
Hastings, P. D., Ruttle, P. L., Serbin, L. A., Stack, D. M., & Schwartzman, A. E. (2011)
INSTITUTO DE NEUROCIENCIAS "FEDERICO OLÓRIZ"
Medicina, F. D. (2008)
The Effect of Trait Mindfulness on Acute Stress is Gender and Affect Dependent
Wolf, J. M. (2011)
Perceived relational evaluation : biological, psychological, and physical health correlates
Banitt, E. C. (2015) · UNI ScholarWorks (University of Northern Iowa)
Stress, social support, and skin barrier recovery
Robles, T. F. (2006) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Neuropsychological profiles of adolescents with a history of childhood trauma
Ashley-Cooper, M. (2010) · Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town)
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Pain: Examining Models of Co-Occurrence with Twin Analyses
Mostoufi, S. M. (2015) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Cognitive-Affective Strategies and Early Adversity as Modulators of Psychosocial Stress Reactivity in Children and Adolescents
Johnson, A. E. (2013) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
„Mein Haus, mein Auto, mein Boot“. Zufriedenheit mit dem Lebensstandard als geschlechtsspezifischer Mortalitätsprädiktor
Arnold, L., Keller, B., Lange, A., & Szagun, B. (2016) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-0042-102348
Peer Victimization and the Development of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms: The Roles of Stress Physiology and Gender
Holterman, L. A. (2016) · ScholarWorks -A service of University of Vermont Libraries (University of Vermont)
Money, Sex and Self-Control: Predicting the Disposition Effect?Preprint
Mintoft, B., Buetow, S., Callaghan, K., Kydd, R. R., & Sollers, J. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2136765
Affect dynamics : a focus on genes, stress, and an opportunity for change
Menne‐Lothmann, C. (2015) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20150129cm
Depression, anxiety and related disorders
Mancuso, S. G., Phillipou, A., Rossell, S. L., & Castle, D. J. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107045132.017
Depression
Kelly, J., & Dinan, T. G. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107045132.020
Gender Identity, Interpersonal Interactions, and Ambulatory Blood Pressure: Examining Person x Situation Effects
Mencía-Ripley, A., Schwartz, J. E., & Brondolo, E. N. (2016) · Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology · doi:10.30849/rip/ijp.v49i2.27
Effect of Multiple Roles on Ambulatory Blood Pressure In Women
Terrill, A. L. (2012) · Research Exchange (Washington State University)
Exploring the relationship between depressive symptoms and attainment at school
Riglin, L. (2015) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Stress Reactivity and Exercise in Women
Traustadóttir, T. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44558-8_11
GENDER IDENTITY, INTERPERSONAL INTERACTIONS, AND AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE
Mencía-Ripley, A., Schwartz, J. E., & Brondolo, E. N. (2015) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
Central and peripheral molecular profiling of sex differences in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and controls
Ramsey, J. M. (2015) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.268
Does the female cycle matter? Looking at aggressive intentions after social exclusion
Zygar–Hoffmann, C., & Pfundmair, M. (2017) · Social Influence · doi:10.1080/15534510.2017.1301990
A comparative study on competition anxiety between male and female national level basketball players
Sil, P. (2016) · International Journal of Physical Education Sports and Health
Examining the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Positive Social Attention
Neczypor, B. N. (2015) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Exploring the Pathophysiology of Chronic Depression: The Interplay between Depression, Cortisol Responses, and Personality
Chopra, K. K. (2013) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Evolutionary Foundations of Psychiatric Compared to Nonpsychiatric Disorders
Fábrega, H., & Brüne, M. (2017) · Evolutionary psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60576-0_1
Gleich oder ungleich? Geschlechtsunterschiede hinsichtlich Stress und Stressbewältigung
Derntl, B. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-54857-8_8
Women’s Readiness To Engage In Risky Sexual Behavior: The Effects Of Interpersonal Violence Victimization And Social Rejection
Woerner, J. I. (2017) · Human Biology

Authors: Stroud, L. R., Salovey, P., & Epel, E. S.
Affiliations: Brown University (US)
Yale University (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author: Stroud, Laura R
ORCID: Stroud, Laura R
Salovey, Peter
Epel, Elissa S
Venue: Biological Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-08
Volume: 52
Issue: 4
Pages: 318-327
ISSN: 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01333-1
OpenAlex: W2024158767
Cited by: 797
References: 100
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 4.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000125, RR00125)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: sex differences, stress response, social rejection, salivary cortisol, adrenocortical reactivity, gender differences in depression, mood disorders, mood, stress hormones
MeSH terms: Achievement, Adolescent, Adrenal Cortex, Adult, Affect, Arousal, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Rejection, Psychology, Saliva, Stress, Psychological

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Sex differences in stress responses: social rejection versus achievement stress

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks