Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 955

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Analysis of Dynamic Brain Imaging Data

Open access
Mitra, P.P., Pesaran, B.·1999·Biophysical Journal

Abstract

Modern imaging techniques for probing brain function, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, intrinsic and extrinsic contrast optical imaging, and magnetoencephalography, generate large data sets with complex content. In this paper we develop appropriate techniques for analysis and visualization of such imaging data to separate the signal from the noise and characterize the signal. The techniques developed fall into the general category of multivariate time series analysis, and in particular we extensively use the multitaper framework of spectral analysis. We develop specific protocols for the analysis of fMRI, optical imaging, and MEG data, and illustrate the techniques by applications to real data sets generated by these imaging modalities. In general, the analysis protocols involve two distinct stages: "noise" characterization and suppression, and "signal" characterization and visualization. An important general conclusion of our study is the utility of a frequency-based representation, with short, moving analysis windows to account for nonstationarity in the data. Of particular note are 1) the development of a decomposition technique (space-frequency singular value decomposition) that is shown to be a useful means of characterizing the image data, and 2) the development of an algorithm, based on multitaper methods, for the removal of approximately periodic physiological artifacts arising from cardiac and respiratory sources.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0006-3495(99)77236-x

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 3 references

Research works printed but not linked: 20

  1. Blasdel, 1986, Voltage-sensitive dyes reveal a modular organization in monkey striate cortex, Nature, 321, 579, 10.1038/321579a0 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Davila, 1973, A large change in axon fluorescence that provides a promising method for measuring membrane potential, Nature New Biol., 241, 159, 10.1038/newbio241159a0 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Denk, 1990, Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, Science, 248, 73, 10.1126/science.2321027 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Grinvald, 1992, Functional architecture of cortex revealed by optical imaging of intrinsic signals, Nature, 324, 361, 10.1038/324361a0 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Hamalainen, 1993, Magnetoencephalography—theory, instrumentation, and applications to noninvasive studies of the working brain, Rev. Mod. Phys., 65, 413, 10.1103/RevModPhys.65.413 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Joliot, 1994, Human oscillatory brain activity near 40Hz coexists with cognitive temporal binding, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 11748, 10.1073/pnas.91.24.11748 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Kleinfeld, 1994, Dynamics of propagating waves in the olfactory network of a terrestrial mollusk: an electrical and optical study, J. Neurophys., 72, 1402, 10.1152/jn.1994.72.3.1402 · DOI
  8. Le, 1996, Retrospective estimation and correction of physiological artifacts in fmri by direct extraction, Mag. Res. Med., 35, 290, 10.1002/mrm.1910350305 · DOI
  9. Mallows, 1967, Linear processes are almost Gaussian, J. Appl. Prob., 4, 313, 10.2307/3212026 · doi:10.2307/3212026
  10. Mann, 1994, Global-scale modes of surface temperature, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 99, 25819, 10.1029/94JD02396 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Mayhew, 1996, Cerebral vasomotion: 0.1Hz oscillation in reflected light imaging of neural activity, Neuroimage, 4, 183, 10.1006/nimg.1996.0069 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Mitra, 1997, The nature of spatiotemporal changes in cerebral hemodynamics as manifested in functional magnetic resonance imaging, Mag. Res. Med., 37, 511, 10.1002/mrm.1910370407 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Ogawa, 1992, Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional mapping with magnetic resonance imaging, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 5951, 10.1073/pnas.89.13.5951 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Orbach, 1995, Time-course and wavelength dependence of the intrinsic optical signal in visual cortex investigated with a modified Karhunen-Loeve procedure, Invest. Opth. Vis. Sci., 36, S873
  15. Prechtl, 1997, Visual stimuli induce waves of electrical activity in turtle cortex, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 7621, 10.1073/pnas.94.14.7621 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Rapp, 1994, Phase-randomized surrogates can produce spurious identifications of nonrandom structure, Phys. Lett. A, 192, 27, 10.1016/0375-9601(94)91010-3 · DOI
  17. Theiler, 1996, Reexamination of the evidence for low-dimensional, nonlinear structure in the human electroencephalogram, EEG Clin. Neurophys., 98, 213, 10.1016/0013-4694(95)00240-5 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Thomson, 1982, Spectrum estimation and harmonic analysis, Proc. IEEE, 70, 1055, 10.1109/PROC.1982.12433 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Thomson, 1990, Time series analysis of holocene climate data, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 330, 601, 10.1098/rsta.1990.0041 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Welch, 1967, The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra: a method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms, IEEE Trans. Aud. Electro., 15, 70, 10.1109/TAU.1967.1161901 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 955

Metadata

Authors
Mitra, P. P., & Pesaran, B.
Venue
Biophysical Journal
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1999-02
Volume
76
Issue
2
Pages
691-708
ISSN
0006-3495 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2021503227
Cited by
955
References
3
FWCI
4.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Analysis of Dynamic Brain Imaging Data. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0006-3495(99)77236-x
The paper
Mitra, P. P., & Pesaran, B. (1999). Analysis of Dynamic Brain Imaging Data. Biophysical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(99)77236-x

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.