Time–frequency dynamics of resting-state brain connectivity measured with fMRI
Open accessAbstract
Most studies of resting-state functional connectivity using fMRI employ methods that assume temporal stationarity, such as correlation and data-driven decompositions computed across the duration of the scan. However, evidence from both task-based fMRI studies and animal electrophysiology suggests that functional connectivity may exhibit dynamic changes within time scales of seconds to minutes. In the present study, we investigated the dynamic behavior of resting-state connectivity across the course of a single scan, performing a time-frequency coherence analysis based on the wavelet transform. We focused on the connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a primary node of the default-mode network, examining its relationship with both the "anticorrelated" ("task-positive") network as well as other nodes of the default-mode network. It was observed that coherence and phase between the PCC and the anticorrelated network was variable in time and frequency, and statistical testing based on Monte Carlo simulations revealed the presence of significant scale-dependent temporal variability. In addition, a sliding-window correlation procedure identified other regions across the brain that exhibited variable connectivity with the PCC across the scan, which included areas previously implicated in attention and salience processing. Although it is unclear whether the observed coherence and phase variability can be attributed to residual noise or modulation of cognitive state, the present results illustrate that resting-state functional connectivity is not static, and it may therefore prove valuable to consider measures of variability, in addition to average quantities, when characterizing resting-state networks.
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The functional connectome exhibits temporal instability that allows flexible switching between multiple configurations within a scanning session.
“Mounting evidence suggests that the functional connectome exhibits temporal instability that allows it to flexibly switch between multiple different configurations within a scanning session (Allen et al., 2014; Chang and Glover, 2010; Kang et al., 2011; Shen et al., 2015).”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Chang and Glover, 2010
Temporal relationships between the default network and frontoparietal control network dynamically fluctuate across short time scales.
“Chang and Glover174 used a sliding-window correlation approach to demonstrate that temporal relationships between the DN and the FPCN dynamically fluctuate across short time scales.”
From The default network and self-generated thought: component processes, dynamic control, and clinical relevance (2014) · cites this paper as [174]
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“Recent studies have demonstrated non-stationarity in fMRI time courses (Chang and Glover, 2010; Jones et al., 2012; Sakoglu et al., 2010); therefore future work should consider probing the changes in the dynamics of ICNs (Allen et al.”
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- Authors
- Chang, C., & Glover, G. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chang, Catie
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 81-98
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2827259
- OpenAlex
- W2037035617
- Cited by
- 1,808
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 119 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 166 · 2020: 148 · 2019: 155 · 2018: 147 · 2017: 151 · 2016: 96 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 105 · 2013: 93 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 16.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (F31-AG032168, P41-RR009784)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- resting-state functional connectivity, dynamic functional connectivity, time-frequency coherence, posterior cingulate cortex, default mode network, task-positive network, wavelet coherence, sliding window correlation, temporal stationarity, salience processing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Algorithms, Brain, Brain Mapping, Computer Simulation, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Monte Carlo Method, Motion, Neural Pathways, Respiration, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Time Factors
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