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Apolipoprotein E isoforms and rare mutations: parallel reduction in binding to cells and to heparin reflects severity of associated type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
Abstract
The LDL receptor-independent binding of human apolipoprotein E isoforms and rare apoE mutations were studied on LDL receptor-deficient human fibroblasts using chemical cross-linking and cell binding studies. The cross-linking experiments demonstrated that all apoE variants bind to the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, a potential receptor for remnant lipoproteins. In cell binding studies, the effect of the apoE variants on binding of beta-VLDL was investigated. Addition of normal apoE-3 to the binding assay resulted in a 12-fold increase of beta-VLDL particle binding, whereas this effect was reduced in the clinically defective variants: apoE-2, (Arg158-->Cys), 24.4% of apoE-3; apoE-1, (Gly127-->Asp, Arg158-->Cys), 49.2% of apoE-3; apoE-1(Lys146-->Glu), 18.2% of apoE-3. Heparin binding studies with the same variants showed a parallel reduction in proteoglycan binding (apoE-2(158), 58.2% of apoE-3; apoE-1(127,158), 37.9%; apoE-1(146), 20.6%). We conclude that LDL receptor-independent mechanisms contribute to remnant clearance. The functionally dominant mutation apoE-1(146) was most defective in heparin binding studies in vitro. In cell binding studies, apoE-1(146) did mediate lipoprotein binding only 18% compared to apoE-3. This indicates the important role of the apoE interaction with proteoglycans in vivo and could explain the development of type III hyperlipoproteinemia in patients with such apoE variants.
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Several rare apoE alleles exhibit reduced binding to HS and cause severe hyperlipoproteinemia.
“Several rare apoE alleles exhibit reduced binding to HS and cause severe hyperlipoproteinemia (38,39), and mice bearing Lpl defective in HS binding fail to traffic lipids to tissues properly (40).”
From Liver heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediate clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins independently of LDL receptor family members (2007) · cites this paper as [39]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mann, W. A., Meyer, N., Weber, W., Meyer, S., Greten, H., & Beisiegel, U.
- Venue
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 517-525
- ISSN
- 0022-2275
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 5
- Language
- en
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