Heterogeneity of presynaptic muscarinic receptors regulating neurotransmitter release in the rat brain
Abstract
The existence of multiple muscarinic receptors in the brain was investigated by using neurotransmitter release as a functional parameter and by comparing the effects of agonists and antagonists on three systems of release regulation mediated by presynaptic muscarinic receptors. The receptors selected as models for our experiments were: 1) the muscarinic autoreceptors mediating inhibition of acetylcholine release in the cortex; 2) the muscarinic autoreceptors present in the nerve endings of the hippocampus; and 3) the muscarinic presynaptic receptors mediating potentiation of striatal dopamine release (heteroreceptors). The experiments were performed by using rat brain synaptosomes in superfusion. Acetylcholine, oxotremorine and carbachol inhibited the release of [3H]acetylcholine evoked by 15 mM KCI in cortex and hippocampus and potentiated the K+-evoked [3H]dopamine release in the striatum. The concentration-response curves were similar in the three systems, the rank of potency being: acetylcholine greater than oxotremorine greater than carbachol. The effects of acetylcholine were counteracted by several muscarinic antagonists with different rank of potencies and different potency ratios. In particular, the rank of potencies for the drugs tested was: atropine greater than secoverine greater than stercuronium greater than pirenzepine at the autoreceptors, both in cortex and hippocampus; but it was: atropine greater than pirenzepine = secoverine greater than stercuronium, at the heteroreceptors in the striatum. Pirenzepine was 100 times more potent on heteroreceptors than on autoreceptors. Our results suggest the possibility of a differential activation or blockade of central muscarinic receptors by selective drugs.
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Presynaptic M2/M4 muscarinic receptors can act as inhibitory autoreceptors on cholinergic terminals and reduce glutamate release from corticocortical and corticostriatal synapses.
“presynaptic M2/M4 mAChRs can act as inhibitory autoreceptors on cholinergic terminals (Douglas et al., 2002; Raiteri et al., 1984) and reduce glutamate release from corticocortical and corticostriatal synapses (Higley et al 2009, Gil et al 1997).”
From Acetylcholine as a Neuromodulator: Cholinergic Signaling Shapes Nervous System Function and Behavior (2012) · cites this paper as Raiteri et al., 1984
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The putative role of free radicals in the loss of neuronal functioning in senescence
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Regulation of Histamine Release and Synthesis in the Brain by Muscarinic Receptors
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“By contrast, heteroreceptors facilitating dopamine or inhibiting serotonin release were classified as MI-receptors on the same criterion, but the effects of AF-DX 116 were not reported, and, therefore, it is not yet clear whether they are pharmacologically identical to heteroreceptors modulating histamine release (Rai…”
Background
- Authors
- Raiteri, M., Leardi, R., & Marchi, M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1984-01
- Volume
- 228
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 209-214
- ISSN
- 0022-3565 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1927364971
- Cited by
- 314
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 8.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- presynaptic muscarinic receptors, muscarinic autoreceptors, neurotransmitter release, acetylcholine release, dopamine release, striatum, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, oxotremorine, carbachol, pirenzepine, atropine, antimuscarinic agents, receptor heterogeneity
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Animals, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Hippocampus, Male, Parasympatholytics, Parasympathomimetics, Rats, Inbred Strains, Receptors, Muscarinic, Synaptosomes, Time Factors, Neurotransmitter Agents, Rats, In Vitro Techniques
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