The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Insomnia in Central Pennsylvania
Abstract
Objective Establish the association between insomnia and various physical and mental health symptoms as well as objective measures of sleep disturbance while controlling for age, gender and BMI in a large random sample of the general public.Methods A subsample (N=1741) was selected for a single-night sleep laboratory evaluation from a larger random sample (N=16,583) of the general public (20-100 years old).Results The prevalence of insomnia was 7.5% and difficulty sleeping an additional 22.4%. The complaints were more frequent in women and in non-Caucasian minorities. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that depression was the single strongest factor followed by female gender associated with either insomnia or difficulty sleeping. Minority status and a history of colitis, hypertension and anemia were also associated, but to a lesser degree. The final model did not include age, BMI as well as any of the sleep laboratory findings.Conclusion These findings support the conclusion that mental health variables have the primary independent association with a complaint of insomnia. Other factors including minorities and hypertension are also independently associated, though to a lesser degree. Other primary sleep disorders, e.g., sleep apnea, do not seem to play a major role in insomnia. These findings underscore the fact that insomnia is a symptom associated with a wide variety of mental and physical health problems requiring a proper psychiatric and medical management.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The prevalence of insomnia in the general population ranges between 8-40%, depending on the definition used.”
From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [135]
Citations
Cites
Rechtschaffen, A. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,772
Hobson, J. A. (1969) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(69)90021-2 · Cited by 5,215
Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?
Ford, D. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.262.11.1479 · Cited by 2,440
(1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,324
Epidemiologic Study of Sleep Disturbances and Psychiatric Disorders: An Opportunity for Prevention?
Ford, D. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430110069030 · Cited by 2,252
Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: A longitudinal epidemiological study of young Adults
Breslau, N., Roth, T., Rosenthal, L., & Andreski, P. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00188-3 · Cited by 1,831
Sleep Complaints Among Elderly Persons: An Epidemiologic Study of Three Communities
Foley, D. J., Monjan, A. A., Brown, S. L., Simonsick, E. M., Wallace, R. B., & Blazer, D. G. (1995) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/18.6.425 · Cited by 1,610
Prevalence of Sleep-disordered Breathing in Women
BIXLER, E. O., VGONTZAS, A. N., LIN, H.-M., TEN HAVE, T., REIN, J., VELA-BUENO, A., & KALES, A. (2001) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.3.9911064 · Cited by 1,598
Self-citationSampling Methods for Random Digit Dialing
Waksberg, J. (1978) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1978.10479995 · Cited by 1,386
Effects of Age on Sleep Apnea in Men: I. Prevalence and Severity
Bixler, E. O., Vgontzas, A. N., Have, T. T., Tyson, K. L., & Kales, A. (1998) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.1.9706079 · Cited by 1,239
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Bixler, 1979, Sleep disorders encountered in medical practice: a national survey of physicians, Behav Med, 6, 13
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sex Differences in Insomnia: A Meta-Analysis
Zhang, B., & Wing, Y.-K. (2006) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.1.85 · Cited by 1,286
Insomnia with objective short sleep duration: The most biologically severe phenotype of the disorder
Vgontzas, A. N., Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Liao, D., & Bixler, E. O. (2013) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2012.09.005 · Cited by 776
Self-citationInsomnia with Objective Short Sleep Duration is Associated with a High Risk for Hypertension
Vgontzas, A. N., Liao, D., Bixler, E. O., Chrousos, G. P., & Vela-Bueno, A. (2009) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/32.4.491 · Cited by 748
Self-citationRacial differences in self-reports of sleep duration in a population-based study
Hale, L., & Do, D. P. (2007) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.9.1096 · Cited by 523
Gender differences in sleep disorders
Krishnan, V., & Collop, N. A. (2006) · Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.mcp.0000245705.69440.6a · Cited by 497
Metadata
- Authors
- Bixler, E. O., Vgontzas, A. N., Lin, H.-M., Vela-Bueno, A., & Kales, A.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bixler, E.O
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-07
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 589-592
- ISSN
- 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2151564752
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 15.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL040916, HL40916, R01HL051931, HL51931)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- insomnia, sleep disorders, prevalence, depression, sex differences, racial minorities, hypertension, colitis, anemia, primary sleep disorders, sleep apnea, central Pennsylvania
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Catchment Area, Health, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Pennsylvania, Prevalence, Polysomnography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
