Oral contraceptive use and increased plasma concentration of C-reactive protein
Abstract
We examined, in young adult women, the association between current low dose oral contraceptive (OC) use and plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase reactant predictive of cardiovascular disease risk. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 30 healthy, non-smoking, non-obese women (18 OC users and 12 nonusers) who were subjects in a randomized diet-controlled trial of the effects of soy intake on sex hormone metabolism. The study was sited at a university outpatient general clinical research center. Fasting plasma CRP levels were measured 4 times during 2 menstrual cycles (2 mid-follicular phase and 2 mid-luteal phase) using a high-sensitivity CRP assay. Differences between OC users and nonusers were examined by 3-way analysis of variance. Multiple regression was used to examine the relationship between OC use and CRP. There were no significant differences in baseline demographic characteristics between OC users and nonusers. Plasma CRP levels (mean +/- SE) were 2 times higher among OC users than among non-users (2.0 +/- 0.2 versus 0.9 +/- 0.3 mg/l, p<0.0001) independent of diet assignment, diet treatment order, and phase of the menstrual cycle. In a multivariate model, OC use predicted 32 percent of the variance in CRP levels (p<0.0001). As all CRP levels were within a previously established normal range, further study is indicated to establish the clinical significance of the observed elevated CRP levels in OC users.
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Late-onset depression has been associated with family history of vascular disease and atherosclerosis.
“In addition, late-onset depression has been associated with family history of vascular disease7 and atherosclerosis.11, 12”
From Association of depressive disorders, depression characteristics and antidepressant medication with inflammation (2012) · cites this paper as [7]
Inflammation levels fluctuate throughout female life according to hormonal changes owing to phase of menstrual cycle, use of hormonal contraceptives, menopause and use of estrogens.
“Inflammation levels fluctuate throughout female life according to hormonal changes owing to phase of menstrual cycle, use of hormonal contraceptives, menopause and use of estrogens,6, 7, 8”
From Association of depressive disorders, depression characteristics and antidepressant medication with inflammation (2012) · cites this paper as [7]
Hormonal changes throughout female life (menstrual cycle, hormonal contraceptives, menopause, estrogens) greatly impact inflammation levels.
“Hormonal changes throughout female life due to phase of menstrual cycle, use of hormonal contraceptives, menopause and use of estrogens greatly impact on inflammation levels,6, 7, 8”
From Association of depressive disorders, depression characteristics and antidepressant medication with inflammation (2012) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Dreon, D. M., Slavin, J. L., & Phinney, S. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dreon, Darlene M.
- Venue
- Life Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1245-1252
- ISSN
- 0024-3205 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090744014
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Keywords
- oral contraceptives, C-reactive protein, acute phase proteins, cardiovascular risk, young adult women, menstrual cycle, soy consumption, sex steroid metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Contraceptives, Oral, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hospitals, University, Humans, Menstrual Cycle, Outpatients, Biomarkers, Premenopause
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