The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The cortisol response to awakening in relation to different challenge tests and a 12-hour cortisol rhythm
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cortisol levels rapidly increase within the first 30 minutes after awakening. This response is rather robust over weeks or months and is altered by chronic stress and burnout. The present study investigated to what extent the cortisol response to awakening relates to responses following hCRH, ACTH(1-24), or psychosocial stress challenges in 22 healthy subjects. Furthermore, a 12-hour circadian cortisol profile was obtained to compare the morning response with cortisol levels obtained throughout the day. Results show that the morning cortisol response was of similar magnitude to that following injection of 1 microg/kg h-CRH or exposure to a brief psychosocial stressor (TSST). All of these were significantly smaller compared to maximal stimulation of the adrenal cortex by ACTH(1-24). Correlation analyses revealed that the morning cortisol response was closely related only to the cortisol response following 0.25 mg ACTH(1-24) (r=0.63, p=0.002). We conclude that the morning cortisol response to awakening can provide important information on the (re)activity of the HPA axis in addition to more 'traditional' methods like hCRH or Synacthen challenge tests. The sensitivity/capacity of the adrenal cortex appears to play a crucial role for the magnitude of cortisol responses observed after awakening.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The stable level may be explained by a diurnal effect. While the CORT levels showed the highest concentration in the morning, they decreased during the waking hours and reached the lowest level in the evening (Schmidt-Reinwald et al., 1999). Given that the choir rehearsal took place between 8.30 and 9.30 p.m., it is possible that the secretion dynamics of CORT were restricted at this time of day.”
From Psychobiological Effects of Choral Singing on Affective State, Social Connectedness, and Stress: Influences of Singing Activity and Time Course (2018) · cites this paper as Schmidt-Reinwald et al., 1999
Citations
Cites
Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K.-M., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000119004 · Cited by 6,093
Self-citationPruessner, J. C., Wolf, O. T., Hellhammer, D. H., Buske-Kirschbaum, A., von Auer, K., Jobst, S., Kaspers, F., & Kirschbaum, C. (1997) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(97)01008-4 · Cited by 1,450
Self-citationTwenty-four hour pattern of the episodic secretion of cortisol in normal subjects
WEITZMAN, E. D., FUKUSHIMA, D., NOGEIRE, C., ROFFWARG, H., GALLAGHER, T. F., & HELLMAN, L. (1971) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-33-1-14 · Cited by 1,258
Dressendörfer, R. A., Kirschbaum, C., Rohde, W., Stahl, F., & Strasburger, C. J. (1992) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0960-0760(92)90294-s · Cited by 882
Self-citationSleep disruption alters nocturnal ACTH and cortisol secretory patterns
Späth-Schwalbe, E., Gofferje, M., Kern, W., Born, J., & Fehm, H. L. (1991) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90093-2 · Cited by 266
ACTH and Cortisol Secretory Patterns in Man
Gallagher, T. F., Yoshida, K., Roffwarg, H. P., Fukushima, D. K., Weitzman, E. D., & HELLMAN, L. (1973) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-36-6-1058 · Cited by 266
Psychoneuroimmunological correlates of persisting sciatic pain in patients who underwent discectomy
Geiss, A., Váradi, E., STEINBACH, K., Bauer, H. W., & Anton, F. (1997) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00810-0 · Cited by 138
Coste, J., Strauch, G., Letrait, M., & BERTAGNA, X. Y. (1994) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04386.x · Cited by 76
Cauter, E. V., Polonsky, K. S., Blackman, J. D., Roland, D., Sturis, J., Byrne, M. M., & Scheen, A. J. (1994) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.79.6.7989487 · Cited by 69
Hucklebridge, F. H., Sen, S., Evans, P. D., & Clow, A. (1998) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00213-6 · Cited by 24
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Van Cauter, 1994, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 79, 1797, 10.1210/jc.79.6.1797 · DOI
- Linkowski, 1993, Am. J. Physiol., 264, E173
- F.H. HUCKLEBRIDGE, A. CLOW, T. ABEYGUNERATNE, P. HUEZO-DIAZ and P. EVANS, Life Sci. (in press).
- J.C. PRUESSNER, D.H. HELLHAMMER and C. KIRSCHBAUM, Psychosom. med. (in press).
- Sephton, 1998, Psychoneuroendocrinol., 23, S28
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–115 of 115
Kumari, M., Badrick, E., Sacker, A., Kirschbaum, C., Marmot, M., & Chandola, T. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.01.010 · Cited by 92
Self-citationThe relationship between cortisol responses to laboratory stress and cortisol profiles in daily life
Kidd, T., Carvalho, L. A., & Steptoe, A. (2014) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.02.010 · Cited by 88
Bullack, A., Gass, C., Nater, U. M., & Kreutz, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00223 · Cited by 88
Reductions in cortisol associated with primary care brief mindfulness program for veterans with PTSD
Bergen-Cico, D., Possemato, K., & Pigeon, W. (2014) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000000224 · Cited by 84
Niu, S.-F., Chung, M.-H., Chu, H., Tsai, J.-C., Lin, C.-C., Liao, Y.-M., Ou, K.-L., O’Brien, A. P., & Chou, K.-R. (2015) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.04.001 · Cited by 80
Edwards, S., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A., & Evans, P. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000033123.70631.8e · Cited by 79
LeMoult, J., Ordaz, S. J., Kircanski, K., Singh, M. K., & Gotlib, I. H. (2015) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000087 · Cited by 72
Blunted cortisol awakening response in people at ultra high risk of developing psychosis
Day, F. L., Valmaggia, L. R., Mondelli, V., Papadopoulos, A., Papadopoulos, I., Pariante, C. M., & McGuire, P. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.041 · Cited by 66
Pruessner, M., Vracotas, N., Joober, R., Pruessner, J. C., & Malla, A. K. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.06.002 · Cited by 58
Self-citationEndogenous oxytocin, cortisol, and testosterone in response to group singing
Bowling, D. L., Gahr, J., Ancochea, P. G., Hoeschele, M., Canoine, V., Fusani, L., & Fitch, W. T. (2022) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105105 · Cited by 51
Salvat-Pujol, N., Labad, J., Urretavizcaya, M., de Arriba-Arnau, A., Segalàs, C., Real, E., Ferrer, A., Crespo, J. M., Jiménez-Murcia, S., Soriano-Mas, C., et al. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.007 · Cited by 47
Posttraumatic growth and diurnal cortisol slope among women with metastatic breast cancer
Diaz, M., Aldridge-Gerry, A., & Spiegel, D. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.03.001 · Cited by 43
Circadian clock functioning is linked to acute stress reactivity in rats
Weibel, L., Maccari, S., & Van Reeth, O. (2002) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873002237138 · Cited by 34
Kaplow, J. B., Shapiro, D. N., Wardecker, B. M., Howell, K. H., Abelson, J. L., Worthman, C. M., & Prossin, A. R. (2013) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21788 · Cited by 29
Cortisol awakening response and testosterone jointly affect adolescents' theory of mind
Wang, H., Zhang, S., Wu, S., Qin, S., & Liu, C. (2022) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105258 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Schmidt-Reinwald, A., Pruessner, J. C., Hellhammer, D. H., Federenko, I., Rohleder, N., Schürmeyer, T. H., & Kirschbaum, C.
- Affiliations
- Universität Trier (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kirschbaum, C.
- Venue
- Life Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-03
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 1653-1660
- ISSN
- 0024-3205 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2038352072
- Cited by
- 367
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 2.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- cortisol awakening response, diurnal cortisol rhythm, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, chronic stress, burnout
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Cortex, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Saliva, Sleep, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
