Sleep disruption alters nocturnal ACTH and cortisol secretory patterns
Abstract
Recent studies have provided evidence that nocturnal cortisol secretion is coupled to ultradian rhythms of sleep. The present study was designed to specify how exogenous and sleep-related endogenous factors influence nocturnal adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol secretion. We compared the influences of (1) temporary sleep deprivation, (2) arousals continuously induced during sleep and, (3) undisturbed sleep (baseline) on pituitary-adrenocortical activity in 10 healthy men. Sleep deprivation (DS) and continuous arousals during sleep (AS) were introduced at the beginning of the second rapid eye movement (REM) sleep period which is an epoch close to the first significant nocturnal rise in plasma cortisol. Compared with the baseline nights, plasma cortisol significantly increased immediately after continuous arousals were started or the subject was awakened and remained awake. Despite this exogenously provoked first cortisol peak, average cortisol release during DS and AS was no higher than during undisturbed sleep. The arousal-induced cortisol burst was followed by a temporary inhibition of cortisol secretion, suggesting that once the subject is aroused (i.e., in stage 1 sleep or awake), the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system becomes highly sensitive to negative feedback inhibition. Spontaneously occurring endogenous cortisol peaks of comparable size during undisturbed sleep did not exhibit such a temporary inhibition of cortisol secretion. We hypothesize that sleep attenuates negative feedback inhibition within the HPA system, whereas wakefulness (or stage 1 sleep) reflects increased feedback sensitivity of this system.
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Awakenings and sleep offset are accompanied by cortisol stimulation.
“awakenings and sleep offset are accompanied by cortisol stimulation”
From Impact of Sleep and Its Disturbances on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity (2010) · cites this paper as [38]
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Fasting Glycemia in Sleep Disordered Breathing: Lowering the Threshold on Oxyhemoglobin Desaturation
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“Nocturnal awakenings are associated with pulsatile cortisol release [15] and autonomic activation.”
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“Sleep onset is frequently associated with a short-term inhibition of cortisol secretion, whereas in the second part of the night, awakenings are consistently associated with cortisol secretory pulses (2, 13, 18, 23, 28, 30).”
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“Nocturnal awakenings also were found to be associated with alterations in HPA activity, specifically increased pulsatile cortisol release [54].”
Sleep and Hormonal Changes in Aging
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Background
- Authors
- Späth-Schwalbe, E., Gofferje, M., Kern, W., Born, J., & Fehm, H. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991-03
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 575-584
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2012118444
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep disruption, ACTH secretion, sleep deprivation, sleep arousal, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, negative feedback inhibition, REM sleep, ultradian rhythms
- MeSH terms
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, Arousal, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Reference Values, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Stages, Sleep, REM
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