The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pharmacology of Penile Erection
Abstract
Erection is basically a spinal reflex that can be initiated by recruitment of penile afferents, but also by visual, olfactory, and imaginary stimuli. The reflex involves both autonomic and somatic efferents and is modulated by supraspinal influences. Several central transmitters involved in the erectile control have been identified. Dopamine, acetylcholine, nitric oxide (NO), and peptides, such as oxytocin and adrenocorticotropic/alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, seem to have a facilitatory role, whereas serotonin may be either facilitatory or inhibitory, and enkephalins are inhibitory. Peripherally, the balance between contractant and relaxant factors controls the degree of contraction of the smooth muscle of the corpora cavernosa and determines the functional state of the penis. Noradrenaline contracts both corpus cavernosum and penile vessels via stimulation of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors. Neurogenic NO is considered the most important factor for relaxation of penile vessels and corpus cavernosum. The role of other mediators released from nerves or endothelium has not been definitely established. Erectile dysfunction (ED) may be due to inability of penile smooth muscles to relax. This inability can have multiple causes. However, patients with ED respond well to the pharmacological treatments that are currently available. The drugs used are able to substitute, partially or completely, the malfunctioning endogenous mechanisms that control penile erection. Most drugs have a direct action on penile tissue facilitating penile smooth muscle relaxation, including prostaglandin E(1), NO donors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists. Dopamine receptors in central nervous centers participating in the initiation of erection have been targeted for the treatment of ED. Apomorphine, administered sublingually, is the first of such drugs.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Steinbusch, H. W. M. (1981) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(81)90146-9 · Cited by 2,415
Swanson, L. W., & Kuypers, H. G. J. M. (1980) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901940306 · Cited by 1,413
Treatment of Men with Erectile Dysfunction with Transurethral Alprostadil
Padma-Nathan, H., Hellstrom, W. J. G., Kaiser, F. E., Labasky, R. F., Lue, T. F., Nolten, W. E., Norwood, P. C., Peterson, C. A., Shabsigh, R., Tam, P. Y., et al. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199701023360101 · Cited by 574
Plasma oxytocin increases in the human sexual response
CARMICHAEL, M. S., HUMBERT, R., DIXEN, J., PALMISANO, G., GREENLEAF, W., & DAVIDSON, J. M. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-64-1-27 · Cited by 554 · cited 1×
“Plasma oxytocin concentrations are known to be elevated in humans following sexual stimulation (Carmichael et al., 1987; Murphy et al., 1987).”
BackgroundEndocrine consequences of long-term intrathecal administration of opioids
Abs, R., Verhelst, J., Maeyaert, J., Van Buyten, J.-P., Opsomer, F., Adriaensen, H., Verlooy, J., Van Havenbergh, T., Smet, M., & Van Acker, K. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.6.6615 · Cited by 491
Changes in oxytocin and vasopressin secretion during sexual activity in men
MURPHY, M. R., SECKL, J. R., BURTON, S., CHECKLEY, S. A., & LIGHTMAN, S. L. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-65-4-738 · Cited by 318
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
MELMAN, A., & GINGELL, J. C. (1999) · Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)62045-7 · Cited by 308
Lindvall, O., Björklund, A., & Skagerberg, G. (1984) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90352-4 · Cited by 158
Warner, R. K., Thompson, J. T., Markowski, V. P., Loucks, J. A., Bazzett, T. J., Eaton, R. C., & Hull, E. M. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90505-p · Cited by 115
Pehek, E. A., Thompson, J. T., & Hull, E. M. (1989) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90328-4 · Cited by 99
Cited by
PDE5 inhibitors – pharmacology and clinical applications 20 years after sildenafil discovery
Andersson, K. (2018) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.14205 · Cited by 445
Self-citationAkt-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase mediates penile erection
Hurt, K. J., Musicki, B., Palese, M. A., Crone, J. K., Becker, R. E., Moriarity, J. L., Snyder, S. H., & Burnett, A. L. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.052712499 · Cited by 379
Sexual function in men and women with neurological disorders
Rees, P. M., Fowler, C. J., & Maas, C. P. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60238-4 · Cited by 344
Nitric Oxide as a Unique Bioactive Signaling Messenger in Physiology and Pathophysiology
Tuteja, N., Chandra, M., Tuteja, R., & Misra, M. K. (2004) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/s1110724304402034 · Cited by 269
Melis, M. R., Melis, T., Cocco, C., Succu, S., Sanna, F., Pillolla, G., Boi, A., Ferri, G., & Argiolas, A. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05721.x · Cited by 198
Metadata
- Authors
- Andersson, K.-E.
- Venue
- Pharmacological Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-09
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 417-450
- ISSN
- 0031-6997 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2100628831
- Cited by
- 528
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 21.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Pharmacology of Penile Erection. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01503-5
- The paper
- Andersson, K.-E. (2001). Pharmacology of Penile Erection. Pharmacological Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01503-5
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
