Oxytocin injected into the ventral tegmental area induces penile erection and increases extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of male rats
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin (20-100 ng), induces penile erection when injected unilaterally into the caudal but not rostral mesencephalic ventral tegmental area (VTA) of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Such pro-erectile effect started 30 min after treatment and was abolished by the prior injection of d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)(2)-Orn(8)-vasotocin (1 microg), an oxytocin receptor antagonist injected into the same caudal ventral tegmental area or of haloperidol (1 microg), a dopamine receptor antagonist, injected either into the nucleus accumbens shell (NAs) or into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) ipsilateral to the injected ventral tegmental area. Penile erection was seen 15 min after the occurrence of, or concomitantly to, an increase in extracellular dopamine and its metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the dialysate obtained from the nucleus accumbens or the paraventricular nucleus, which was also abolished by d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)(2)-Orn(8)-vasotocin (1 microg), injected into the ventral tegmental area before oxytocin. In the caudal ventral tegmental area oxytocin-containing axons/fibres (originating from the paraventricular nucleus) appeared to closely contact cell bodies of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons retrogradely labelled with Fluorogold injected into the nucleus accumbens shell, suggesting that oxytocin effects are mediated by the activation of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons, followed in turn by that of incerto-hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons impinging on oxytocinergic neurons mediating penile erection. As the stimulation of paraventricular dopamine receptors not only induces penile erection, but also increases mesolimbic dopamine neurotransmission by activating oxytocinergic neurons, these results provide further support for the existence of a neural circuit in which dopamine and oxytocin influence both the consummatory and motivational/rewarding aspects of sexual behaviour.
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Activation of oxytocin neurons thought to target the VTA stimulates mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic neurons.
“Recent studies show activation of oxytocin neurons thought to target the VTA stimulates mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic neurons (Melis et al., 2007, Melis et al., 2009, Succu et al., 2011, Succu et al., 2008).”
From Oxytocin, motivation and the role of dopamine (2014) · cites this paper as Melis et al., 2007
Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens stimulates dopamine neurons within the PVN that can ultimately activate oxytocinergic neurons and induce penile erection.
“dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens has been demonstrated to produce stimulation of dopamine neurons within the PVN that can ultimately activate oxytocinergic neurons and induce penile erection (Melis et al., 2007, Melis et al., 2009, Succu et al., 2011, Succu et al., 2007).”
From Oxytocin, motivation and the role of dopamine (2014) · cites this paper as Melis et al., 2007
Oxytocin-expressing neurons in the PVN project to the VTA.
“In addition, oxytocin-expressing neurons in the PVN project to the VTA (Melis et al., 2007).”
From Mechanisms underlying microbial-mediated changes in social behavior in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder (2019) · cites this paper as Melis et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Melis, M. R., Melis, T., Cocco, C., Succu, S., Sanna, F., Pillolla, G., Boi, A., Ferri, G., & Argiolas, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Cagliari (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Melis, Maria Rosaria
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1026-1035
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- OpenAlex
- W2148666213
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 12.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- oxytocin, penile erection, ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens shell, paraventricular nucleus, extracellular dopamine, DOPAC, mesolimbic dopamine neurons, oxytocin receptor antagonist, arginine vasotocin, haloperidol, sexual behavior, reward, neural circuits
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Axons, Behavior, Animal, Dopamine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Extracellular Space, Haloperidol, Immunohistochemistry, Iontophoresis, Limbic System, Male, Microinjections, Nerve Fibers, Nucleus Accumbens, Oxytocin, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus, Penile Erection, Stilbamidines, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Ventral Tegmental Area, Dopamine Antagonists, Rats
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