Cited by 391Visual perception and processing mechanismsFace Recognition and PerceptionNeuroscience and Music Perception

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination

Open access

Boynton, Geoffrey M., Demb, Jonathan B., Glover, Gary H., Heeger, David J.·1999·Vision Research

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Psychophysical contrast increment thresholds were compared with neuronal responses, inferred from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that contrast discrimination judgements are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical areas. FMRI was used to measure human brain activity as a function of stimulus contrast, in each of several identifiable visual cortical areas. Contrast increment thresholds were measured for the same stimuli across a range of baseline contrasts using a temporal 2AFC paradigm. FMRI responses and psychophysical measurements were compared by assuming that: (1) fMRI responses are proportional to local average neuronal activity; (2) subjects choose the stimulus interval that evoked the greater average neuronal activity; and (3) variability in the observer's psychophysical judgements was due to additive (IID) noise. With these assumptions, FMRI responses in visual areas V1, V2d, V3d and V3A were found to be consistent with the psychophysical judgements, i.e. a contrast increment was detected when the fMRI responses in each of these brain areas increased by a criterion amount. Thus, the pooled activity of large numbers of neurons can reasonably well predict behavioral performance. The data also suggest that contrast gain in early visual cortex depends systematically on spatial frequency.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00113-8

Cites

67 of 67 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1994) · doi:10.1201/9780429246593 · Cited by 40,500
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1993) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9 · Cited by 21,230
Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation.
Ogawa, S., Lee, T. M., Kay, A. R., & Tank, D. W. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.9868 · Cited by 6,483
Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation.
Kwong, K. K., Belliveau, J. W., Chesler, D. A., Goldberg, I. E., Weisskoff, R. M., Poncelet, B. P., Kennedy, D. N., Hoppel, B. E., Cohen, M. S., & Turner, R. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5675 · Cited by 4,212
Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging.
Ogawa, S., Tank, D. W., Menon, R., Ellermann, J. M., Kim, S. G., Merkle, H., & Ugurbil, K. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.13.5951 · Cited by 3,681
Borders of Multiple Visual Areas in Humans Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Sereno, M. I., Dale, A. M., Reppas, J. B., Kwong, K. K., Belliveau, J. W., Brady, T. J., Rosen, B. R., & Tootell, R. B. H. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7754376 · Cited by 2,663
Linear Systems Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Human V1
Boynton, G., Engel, S., Glover, G., & Heeger, D. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-13-04207.1996 · Cited by 2,522
Self-citation
Normalization of cell responses in cat striate cortex
Heeger, D. J. (1992) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523800009640 · Cited by 1,835
Self-citation
A direct demonstration of functional specialization in human visual cortex
Zeki, S., Watson, J. D. G., Lueck, C. J., Friston, K. J., Christopher Kennard, C., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1991) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-03-00641.1991 · Cited by 1,717
The highly irregular firing of cortical cells is inconsistent with temporal integration of random epsps.
Softky, W., & Koch, C. (1993) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-01-00334.1993 · Cited by 1,689

Show all 67 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Teo, 1995, A general mechanistic model of spatial pattern detection, Investigative Opthalmology Visual Science Suppl, 36, 439

Sorted by citations

Items 301–390 of 390

Single additive mechanism predicts lateral interactions effects—computational model
Matichin, H., Einav, S., & Spitzer, H. (2015) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.32.002247 · Cited by 4
Contrast Response Functions with Wide-View Stimuli in the Human Visual Cortex
Yan, T., Wang, B., Geng, Y., Yan, Y., Mu, N., Wu, J., Guo, Q., Tang, X., Zeng, Y., & Peng, Y. (2014) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p7640 · Cited by 4
Nonlinear transduction of emotional facial expression
Gray, K. L. H., Flack, T. R., Yu, M., Lygo-Frett, F., & Baker, D. H. (2020) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2020.03.004 · Cited by 4
Convolutional neural network models applied to neuronal responses in macaque V1 reveal limited nonlinear processing
Miao, H.-Y., & Tong, F. (2024) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.24.6.1 · Cited by 3
Contrast discrimination under temporally varying contrast conditions
Dannemiller, J. L., & Stephens, B. R. (2000) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03212087 · Cited by 3
Separating Fusion from Rivalry
Kallenberger, S. M., Schmidt, C., Dechent, P., Forster, C., von Steinbüchel, N., Wüstenberg, T., & Strasburger, H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103037 · Cited by 3
Functional Imaging of the Human Visual System
Orban, G. A., & Ferri, S. (2016) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-5611-1_18 · Cited by 3
Contrast response functions in the visual wulst of the alert burrowing owl: a single-unit study
Vieira, P. G., de Sousa, J. P. M., & Baron, J. (2016) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00505.2015 · Cited by 3
Luminance Sensitivity and Contrast Detection
Kaplan, E. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370880-9.00294-2 · Cited by 3
Interocular suppression and contrast gain control in human vision
Baker, D. H. (2008) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) · doi:10.48780/publications.aston.ac.uk.00001432 · Cited by 3
Time is vision: functional preservation and enhanced capacity for recovery in subacute occipital strokePreprint
Saionz, E. L., Tadin, D., Melnick, M. D., & Huxlin, K. R. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/847954 · Cited by 3
Data augmentation and image understandingPreprint
Hernández-García, Á. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2012.14185 · Cited by 7
A dynamic 1/f noise protocol to assess visual attention without biasing perceptual processingPreprint
Hanning, N. M., & Deubel, H. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.07.10.451930 · Cited by 3
hMT+ activity predicts the effect of spatial attention on surround suppression
Kınıklıoğlu, M., & Boyacı, H. (2025) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.25.4.12 · Cited by 2
Human and artificial visual systems share a computational principle for transforming binocular disparity into depth representation
Wundari, B. G., Fujita, I., & Ban, H. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-08474-1 · Cited by 2
Initial performance predicts improvements in computerized cognitive training: Evidence from a selective attention task
Zhang, P., Wu, D., Shang, Y., Ren, W., Liang, J. M., Li-yun, W., & Li, C. (2021) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.465 · Cited by 2
Unreliable feedback deteriorates information processing in primary visual cortex
Varrier, R. S., Rothkirch, M., Stuke, H., Guggenmos, M., & Sterzer, P. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116701 · Cited by 3
NEUROMAGNETIC CORRELATES OF PERCEIVED BRIGHTNESS IN HUMAN VISUAL CORTEX
Kondo, A., Tsubomi, H., & Watanabe, K. (2010) · PSYCHOLOGIA · doi:10.2117/psysoc.2010.267 · Cited by 2
A variational approach to behavioral and neuroelectrical laws
Noventa, S., & Vidotto, G. (2012) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s00422-012-0501-y · Cited by 2
BRIEF REPORT Anxiety modulates the effects of emotion and attention on early vision
Ferneyhough, E., Kim, M. K., Phelps, E. A., & Carrasco, M. (2012) · Cited by 2
What multiplexing means for the interpretation of functional MRI data
Olman, C. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1134811 · Cited by 2
Contrast Sensitivity in 1/f Noise
Haun, A. (2015) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.3905.5528 · Cited by 2
Functional reorganization of sensory processing following long-term neural adaptation to optical defectsPreprint
Barbot, A., Park, W.-J., Zhang, R.-Y., Huxlin, K. R., Tadin, D., & Yoon, G. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.19.956219 · Cited by 2
Color compensation in anomalous trichromats assessed with fMRIPreprint
Tregillus, K. E. M., Isherwood, Z. J., Vanston, J. E., Engel, S. A., MacLeod, D. I. A., Kuriki, I., & Webster, M. A. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.08.18.256701 · Cited by 2
Dissociable neural mechanisms of selective visual information processing underlie the effects of attention on visual appearance and response biasPreprint
Itthipuripat, S., Wiwatphonthana, P., Sawetsuttipan, P., Chang, K.-Y., Störmer, V. S., Woodman, G. F., & Serences, J. T. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2206947/v1 · Cited by 2
Experience Shapes Chandelier Cell Function and Structure in the Visual CortexPreprint
Seignette, K., Jamann, N., Papale, P., Terra, H., Porneso, R. P. O., de Kraker, L., van der Togt, C., van der Aa, M., Neering, P., Ruimschotel, E., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.21.537780 · Cited by 2
Functional Imaging of the Human Visual System
Orban, G. A., & Ürgen, B. A. (2025) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-4438-6_19 · Cited by 2
Stimulus complexity modulates contrast response functions in the human middle temporal area (hMT+)
Garcia, J. O., Pyles, J. A., & Grossman, E. D. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.05.034 · Cited by 1
Central versus peripheral retinotopic and temporal frequency sensitivities of human visual areas measured using fMRI
Yan, T., Jin, F., & Wu, J. (2009) · International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation · doi:10.1109/icma.2009.5246018 · Cited by 1
Classification images for contrast discrimination
McIlhagga, W. (2021) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2021.01.002 · Cited by 1
Functional Imaging of the Human Visual System
Orban, G. A., & Kourtzi, Z. (2009) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-919-2_17 · Cited by 1
Luminance Sensitivity and Contrast Detection
Kaplan, E. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805408-6.00294-3 · Cited by 1
An information theoretic approach to EEG-fMRI integration
Ostwald, D. (2010) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham) · Cited by 1
Individual differences in excitation and inhibition in visual cortex
Robson, S. E. (2012) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 1
Detection of visual stimuli in correlated noise
Mortensen, U. (2007) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2007.02.002 · Cited by 1
Thought Control Failure: Sensory Determinants and Functional EffectsPreprint
Kwok, E. L., Leys, G., Koenig‐Robert, R., & Pearson, J. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/293761 · Cited by 1
Reconciling fMRI and EEG indices of attentional modulations in human visual cortexPreprint
Itthipuripat, S., Sprague, T. C., & Serences, J. T. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/391193 · Cited by 1
Investigations on bottom-up and top-down processing in early visual cortex with high-resolution fMRI
Marquardt, I. (2019) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20190829im · Cited by 1
Near-infrared Spectroscopy Signal Classification: Towards a Brain-computer Interface
Tai, K. (2008) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 1
Adapting Theory: Limited Neural Resource, Attention and Risk AttitudePreprint
Cheng, Q. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3116312 · Cited by 1
Comparing visual cortex of children and adults reveals a late-stage change in the architecture of V1Preprint
Himmelberg, M. M., Tünçok, E., Gomez, J., Kalanit Grill-spector, A., Carrasco, M., & Winawer, J. A. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1898621/v1 · Cited by 1
Visuomotor Experience Induces Functional and Structural Plasticity of Chandelier CellsPreprint
Seignette, K., Jamann, N., Papale, P., Terra, H., Porneso, R. P. O., de Kraker, L., van der Togt, C., van der Aa, M., Neering, P., Ruimschotel, E., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.91153.1 · Cited by 1
Experience Shapes Chandelier Cell Function and Structure in the Visual CortexPreprint
Seignette, K., Jamann, N., Papale, P., Terra, H., Porneso, R. P. O., de Kraker, L., van der Togt, C., van der Aa, M., Neering, P., Ruimschotel, E., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.91153.2 · Cited by 1
Neurometabolic dysfunction in psychosis observed with 7 T MRSPreprint
Schallmo, M., Demro, C., Killebrew, K. W., Olman, C. A., Sponheim, S. R., & Marjańska, M. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.01.03.24300788 · Cited by 1
Center-surround processing in psychosisPreprint
Montoya, S. A., Moser, H. R., Kamath, R. S., Chong, L. S., Grant, A., Marjańska, M., Sponheim, S. R., Engel, S. A., Olman, C. A., & Schallmo, M. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.15.25333221 · Cited by 1
Spatial context in the early visual system
Nurminen, L. (2013) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
MAGNITUDE RATINGS FOR PERCEIVED CHANGES IN PHOTOGRAPHS OF NATURAL SCENES MAY BE LINEARLY PROPORTIONAL TO DIFFERENCES IN NEURONAL FIRING RATES
Tolhurst, D. J., To, M. P. S., Lovell, G. P., & Trościanko, T. (2009) · Proceedings of Fechner Day
Electrophysiological Events Related to Top-Down Contrast Sensitivity Control
Mišić, B., Schneider, B., de la Rosa, S., Alain, C., & McIntosh, A. R. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70033-3
Novel neuroimaging technique and measurement of contrast sensitivity with wide-view stimuli in human visual cortex
Yan, T., Wang, B., & Wu, J. (2010) · International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI) · doi:10.1109/bmei.2010.5639780
Investigation of spatio-temporal effects of fMRI visual field mapping techniques on V1
Janik, J. J. (2011) · e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University)
Linking Neural Activity to Mental Processes
Han, S., & Fang, F. (2008) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-008-9030-7
Depth Perception Human Cortical Activity Correlates With Stereoscopic
Hubel, D. H., Wiesel, T. N., Yeagle, E. M., Lafer-Sousa, R., Conway, B. R., Cottereau, B. R., McKee, S. P., & Norcia, A. M. (2013)
Effect of binocular rivalry suppression on contrast change detection
Hubert‐Wallander, B. (2008)
Human neurophysiological mechanisms of contextual modulation in primary visual cortex
Schumacher, J. F. (2010) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
Computational Cognitive Neuroscience of the Visual
Engel, S. A. (2008)
Color Vision: How the Cortex Represents Color Dispatch
Boynton, G. M. (2002)
Self-citation
Functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography studies of motion perception, eye movements, and reading
Greenlee, M. W. (2003) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198505822.003.0004
Effects of Contrast and Relative Distance from Fovea of Surrounding Stimulus on Perceptual Completion at the Blind Spot
Kim, J. H., 홍석준, & Chong, S. C. (2007) · 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 · doi:10.22172/cogbio.2007.19.4.005
Neural Correlates of Gain Control in Drosophila and Humans
Alamri, S. A. H. (2016) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Mechanisms of attention in visual cortex and the amygdala
Baruni, J. (2016) · doi:10.7916/d83t9h70
Asymmetry in the Magnocellular and Parvocellular Pathways
Lang, J. L. (2014) · University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester)
Gamma-Aktivität und vaskuläre Antwort im visuellen Kortex des Menschen
Werner, P. (2010) · Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver · doi:10.17169/refubium-15178
Early cross-modal interactions and adult human visual cortical plasticity revealed by binocular rivalry
Lunghi, C. (2015) · Premio Tesi dottorato/Premio Tesi di dottorato · doi:10.36253/978-88-6655-687-9
fMRI studies of binocular suppression in human amblyopic subjects
Pitrolo, Y. S. (2006) · doi:10.33915/etd.4257
Learning enhances encoding of time and temporal surprise in primary sensory cortexPreprint
Rabinovich, R. J., Kato, D. D., & Bruno, R. M. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.23.474000
Continuous flash suppression operates in local spatial zones: effects of mask size and contrastPreprint
Han, S., Lukaszewski, R., & Alais, D. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/83wjy
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Remapping in human visual cortex.
Puce, A. (2006) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.1050596.502501
Reduced contrast surround suppression associated with schizophrenia depends on visual acuity and scene contextPreprint
Pokorny, V., Schallmo, M., Sponheim, S. R., & Olman, C. A. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.05.10.22273873
Sorrow and Beauty in the Brain
Ishizu, T. (2022) · The Brain & Neural Networks · doi:10.3902/jnns.29.119
Understanding how visual information is represented in humans and machines
Dwivedi, K. (2022) · Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) · doi:10.21248/gups.72036
Computational Analysis Reveals Sensitivity to Contrast in Simple Cells of Primary Visual CortexPreprint
Chatterjee, S., Chhabra, S. S., & Samanta, D. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3131001/v1
Convolutional neural network models of neuronal responses in macaque V1 reveal limited non-linear processingPreprint
Miao, H.-Y., & Tong, F. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.08.26.554952
Contrast sensitivity: a fundamental limit to vision restoration after V1 damagePreprint
Yang, J., Saionz, E. L., Cavanaugh, M. R., Fahrenthold, B. K., Melnick, M. D., Tadin, D., Briggs, F., Carrasco, M., & Huxlin, K. R. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.08.31.23294827
Perceptual Thresholds for Threat Are Lowered in Anxiety: Evidence From Perceptual Psychophysics
Glasgow, S., Imbriano, G., Ozturk, S., Jin, J., & Mohanty, A. (2023) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026231211211 · Cited by 1
BOLD Contrast Response Characteristics of Aberrant Voxels with Bilateral Visual Population Receptive Fields in Human AlbinismPreprint
Duwell, E. J., Woertz, E. N., Mathis, J. R., Carroll, J., & DeYoe, E. A. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.05.26.595603
Contrast Sensitivity
Bex, P. J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13820-1.00189-4
How does orientation-tuned normalization spread across the visual field?
Klímová, M., Bloem, I. M., & Ling, S. (2025) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00224.2024
Attraction of population receptive fields towards the attended locus is invariant to contrastPreprint
Abdirashid, S. S., Knapen, T. H. J., & Dumoulin, S. O. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.07.01.662547
Form and Temporal Integration in the Perception of Simple Glass Patterns
Donato, R., Vicovaro, M., Nucci, M., Roccato, M., Campana, G., & Pavan, A. (2025) · Vision · doi:10.3390/vision9030069
Visual appearance and sensitivity are mediated by distinct mechanisms
Pamir, Z., & Boyacı, H. (2025) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109277
Spatial Updating in Human Cortex
Merriam, E. P. (2006) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Thermodynamic Neural Networks And Intersection Theory: Ontology Of Emergent IntelligencePreprint
Kulyk, O. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5458215
Signal-to-Noise Efficiency Explains Inter-Observer Variability in Orientation Discrimination
Fernandes, T. P., Santos, N. A., & Dahlgren, L. N. (2026) · Vision · doi:10.3390/vision10010004
Effects of color saturation on frontal brain activity in colorblind and non-colorblind individuals
Teixeira, A., Brito‐Costa, S., & Abbasi, M. (2026) · Human-Intelligent Systems Integration · doi:10.1007/s42454-026-00091-5
Natural warning signals unexpectedly shape human metamemory ratings but not image recognition success
Filippi, F. D., Penacchio, O., O’Connor, A. R., & Harris, J. M. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-41178-y
Magnitude estimation reveals Poisson-like noise underlying perceptionPreprint
Rodríguez-Arribas, C., López‐Moliner, J., & Linares, D. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.03.02.709083
The time–intensity uncertainty principle in vision
Johansson, R. C. G., Bausenhart, K. M., Ulrich, R., & Kelber, P. (2026) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-026-03249-0
Thermodynamic neural networks and intersection theory: an ontological hypothesis of emergent intelligence
Kulyk, O. (2026) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-026-10438-y · Cited by 1
Object recognition is shaped by the dynamic interplay between low-level contrast and high-level context
Lin, W., Zeng, H., He, Y., & Qian, J. (2026) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2026.04.007 · Cited by 1
The Role of Perceptual Load in Orientation Perception, Visual Masking and Contextual Integration
Stolte, M. (2013) · UCL Discovery (University College London)

Authors: Boynton, G. M., Demb, J. B., Glover, G. H., & Heeger, D. J.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
Stanford Medicine (US)
Corresponding author: Heeger, David J.
ORCID: Boynton, Geoffrey M.
Demb, Jonathan B.
Glover, Gary H.
Heeger, David J.
Venue: Vision Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1999-01
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Pages: 257-269
ISSN: 0042-6989 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00113-8
OpenAlex: W2145425091
Cited by: 391
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 7.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 5312 d)
Locations: Vision Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r29mh050228-05)
National Institute of Mental Health (F32-MH10897, R29-MH50228, F32MH010897)
National Eye Institute (R01EY011794)
National Center for Research Resources (P41 RR-09784, P41RR009784)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
Keywords: contrast discrimination, early visual cortex, primary visual cortex, V2, V3, population coding, contrast gain, spatial frequency, additive noise model
MeSH terms: Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Photic Stimulation, Psychophysics, Visual Cortex, Contrast Sensitivity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks