The DOI matches its Crossref record; 260 of the 264 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neurobiology of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome
Abstract
The aversive aspects of withdrawal from chronic nicotine exposure are thought to be an important motivational factor contributing to the maintenance of the tobacco habit in human smokers. Much emphasis has been placed on delineating the underlying neurobiological mechanisms mediating different components of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Recent studies have shown that both central and peripheral populations of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are involved in mediating somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal as measured by the rodent nicotine abstinence scale. However, only central populations of nAChRs are involved in mediating affective aspects of nicotine withdrawal, as measured by elevations in brain-stimulation reward thresholds and conditioned place aversion. Nicotine interacts with several neurotransmitter systems, including acetylcholine, dopamine, opioid peptides, serotonin, and glutamate systems. Evidence so far suggests that these neurotransmitters play a role in nicotine dependence and withdrawal processes. The available evidence also suggests that different underlying neurochemical deficits mediate somatic and affective components of nicotine withdrawal. The aim of the present review is to discuss preclinical findings concerning the neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates involved in these different aspects of nicotine withdrawal.
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“Dependence on tobacco smoking depends not only on the balance between the rewarding and aversive action of nicotine described above, but also on escape from the aversive consequences of nicotine withdrawal (Doherty et al. 1995;Kenny and Markou 2001).”
From Mechanisms of Nicotine Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Kenny and Markou 2001
In the citing paper
“The most common somatic symptoms include bradycardia, gastrointestinal discomfort, and increased appetite.”
From Mechanisms of Nicotine Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Kenny and Markou 2001
In the citing paper
“Affective symptoms primarily include depressed mood including anhedonia, dysphoria, anxiety, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and craving (Parrott 1993;Doherty et al. 1995;Kenny and Markou 2001).”
From Mechanisms of Nicotine Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Kenny and Markou 2001
In the citing paper
“The nicotine withdrawal syndrome in abstinent smokers is comprised of”
From Mechanisms of Nicotine Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Kenny and Markou 2001
In the citing paper
“The neuroadaptations arising from chronic nicotine exposure cause widespread alterations in brain neurotransmission that promote and sustain the use of tobacco [21–24].”
From Mechanistic insights into nicotine withdrawal (2011) · cites this paper as [22]
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tzschentke, T. M. (2007) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2007.00070.x · Cited by 1,336
The dynamic effects of nicotine on the developing brain
Dwyer, J. B., McQuown, S. C., & Leslie, F. M. (2009) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.02.003 · Cited by 559
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Caggiula, A. R., Donny, E. C., White, A. R., Chaudhri, N., Booth, S., Gharib, M. A., Hoffman, A., Perkins, K. A., & Sved, A. F. (2001) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00676-1 · Cited by 425
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“In the conditioned place-aversion paradigm, the animal learns to avoid the compartment in which nicotine withdrawal is experienced (Jackson et al. 2009, Kenny & Markou 2001).”
BackgroundWhat Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and Wakefulness Promoting Medications
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kenny, P. J., & Markou, A.
- Affiliations
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Markou, Athina
- ORCID
- Kenny, Paul J.
- Venue
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 531-549
- ISSN
- 0091-3057 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2020567468
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 264
- Citations by year
- 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 11946, R56DA011946)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- nicotine withdrawal, nicotine dependence, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, somatic withdrawal signs, conditioned place aversion, dopamine, opioid peptides, serotonin, glutamate, acetylcholine, neuroanatomical substrates
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Nicotine, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Nicotinic Agonists
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