The amnesiac Gene Product Is Expressed in Two Neurons in the Drosophila Brain that Are Critical for Memory
Open accessAbstract
Mutations in the amnesiac gene in Drosophila affect both memory retention and ethanol sensitivity. The predicted amnesiac gene product, AMN, is an apparent preproneuropeptide, and previous studies suggest that it stimulates cAMP synthesis. Here we show that, unlike other learning-related Drosophila proteins, AMN is not preferentially expressed in mushroom bodies. Instead, it is strongly expressed in two large neurons that project over all the lobes of the mushroom bodies, a finding that suggests a modulatory role for AMN in memory formation. Genetically engineered blockade of vesicle recycling in these cells abbreviates memory as in the amnesiac mutant. Moreover, restoration of amn gene expression to these cells reestablishes normal olfactory memory in an amn deletion background. These results indicate that AMN neuropeptide release onto the mushroom bodies is critical for normal olfactory memory.
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Co-transmission of a fast-acting transmitter and a neuropeptide was more common.
“Co-transmission of a fast-acting transmitter and a neuropeptide was more common, e.g., Kenyon cells (at least acetylcholine, sparkly and short neuropeptide F),21,25,55,164 the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neuron (GABA, serotonin, sparkly, nplp1, proctolin, orcokinin, eclosion hormone, CG34136)25,56,60 and most central complex, mushroom body output and mushroom body dopaminergic neurons.25,157”
From Neurotransmitter classification from electron microscopy images at synaptic sites in Drosophila melanogaster (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
DPM has been found to express the fast-acting transmitter GABA, the monoamine serotonin and several neuropeptides (sparkly, nplp1, proctolin, orcokinin, eclosion hormone, CG34136).
“DPM has been found to express the fast-acting transmitter GABA the monoamine serotonin and several neuropeptides (sparkly, nplp1, proctolin, orcokinin, eclosion hormone, CG34136).25,56,60”
From Neurotransmitter classification from electron microscopy images at synaptic sites in Drosophila melanogaster (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Waddell, S., Armstrong, J. D., Kitamoto, T., Kaiser, K., & Quinn, W. G.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Beckman Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Waddell, Scott
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-11
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 805-813
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2140882620
- Cited by
- 332
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 6.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- olfactory memory, mushroom body, vesicle recycling, neuropeptide release, memory retention, ethanol sensitivity, cAMP signaling, memory formation
- MeSH terms
- Cyclic AMP, Animals, Brain, Chromosomes, Drosophila, Genotype, Immunohistochemistry, Memory, Models, Biological, Mutation, Neurons, Neuropeptides, Peptides, Phenotype, Smell, Temperature, Time Factors, Gene Deletion, Genes, Reporter, Drosophila Proteins, Animals, Genetically Modified
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