CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 7,971Sepsis Diagnosis and TreatmentGlobal Health and EpidemiologyNeonatal and Maternal Infections

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Open access
Rudd, Kristina E, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Agesa, Kareha M, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Tsoi, Derrick, Kievlan, Daniel Rhodes, Colombara, Danny V, Ikuta, Kevin S, Kissoon, Niranjan, Finfer, Simon, Fleischmann-Struzek, Carolin, Machado, Flavia R, Reinhart, Konrad K, Rowan, Kathryn, Seymour, Christopher W, Watson, R Scott, West, T Eoin, Marinho, Fatima, Hay, Simon I, Lozano, Rafael, Lopez, Alan D, Angus, Derek C, Murray, Christopher J L, Naghavi, Mohsen·2020·The Lancet
DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32989-7PMC PMC6970225
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection. It is considered a major cause of health loss, but data for the global burden of sepsis are limited. As a syndrome caused by underlying infection, sepsis is not part of standard Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) estimates. Accurate estimates are important to inform and monitor health policy interventions, allocation of resources, and clinical treatment initiatives. We estimated the global, regional, and national incidence of sepsis and mortality from this disorder using data from GBD 2017. METHODS: We used multiple cause-of-death data from 109 million individual death records to calculate mortality related to sepsis among each of the 282 underlying causes of death in GBD 2017. The percentage of sepsis-related deaths by underlying GBD cause in each location worldwide was modelled using mixed-effects linear regression. Sepsis-related mortality for each age group, sex, location, GBD cause, and year (1990-2017) was estimated by applying modelled cause-specific fractions to GBD 2017 cause-of-death estimates. We used data for 8·7 million individual hospital records to calculate in-hospital sepsis-associated case-fatality, stratified by underlying GBD cause. In-hospital sepsis-associated case-fatality was modelled for each location using linear regression, and sepsis incidence was estimated by applying modelled case-fatality to sepsis-related mortality estimates. FINDINGS: In 2017, an estimated 48·9 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·9-62·9) incident cases of sepsis were recorded worldwide and 11·0 million (10·1-12·0) sepsis-related deaths were reported, representing 19·7% (18·2-21·4) of all global deaths. Age-standardised sepsis incidence fell by 37·0% (95% UI 11·8-54·5) and mortality decreased by 52·8% (47·7-57·5) from 1990 to 2017. Sepsis incidence and mortality varied substantially across regions, with the highest burden in sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania, south Asia, east Asia, and southeast Asia. INTERPRETATION: Despite declining age-standardised incidence and mortality, sepsis remains a major cause of health loss worldwide and has an especially high health-related burden in sub-Saharan Africa. FUNDING: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the University of Pittsburgh, the British Columbia Children's Hospital Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and the Fleming Fund.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32989-7

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Age-standardised global sepsis incidence per 100 000 population, for both sexes and by underlying cause category, 1990–2017 Shaded areas represent 95% uncertainty intervals.
Figure 1 Age-standardised global sepsis incidence per 100 000 population, for both sexes and by underlying cause category, 1990–2017 Shaded areas represent 95% uncertainty intervals.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Leading 20 Level 3 causes of global incident sepsis (A) and sepsis-related deaths (B) for both sexes and all ages combined, in 1990, 2007, and 2017 Causes are connected by lines between periods (1990, 2007, and 2017); solid lines are ranked increases (or no change in rank) and dashed lines are ranked decreases. Numbers in bold highlight statistically significant changes between periods. COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. iNTS=invasive non-typhoidal salmonella.
Figure 2 Leading 20 Level 3 causes of global incident sepsis (A) and sepsis-related deaths (B) for both sexes and all ages combined, in 1990, 2007, and 2017 Causes are connected by lines between periods (1990, 2007, and 2017); solid lines are ranked increases (or no change in rank) and dashed lines are ranked decreases. Numbers in bold highlight statistically significant changes between periods. COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. iNTS=invasive non-typhoidal salmonella.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Age-standardised sepsis incidence per 100 000 population for both sexes, in 2017 (A), and percentage of all deaths related to sepsis, age-standardised for both sexes, in 2017 (B) ATG=Antigua and Barbuda. FSM=Federated States of Micronesia. LCA=Saint Lucia. TLS=Timor-Leste. TTO=Trinidad and Tobago. VCT=Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
Figure 3 Age-standardised sepsis incidence per 100 000 population for both sexes, in 2017 (A), and percentage of all deaths related to sepsis, age-standardised for both sexes, in 2017 (B) ATG=Antigua and Barbuda. FSM=Federated States of Micronesia. LCA=Saint Lucia. TLS=Timor-Leste. TTO=Trinidad and Tobago. VCT=Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Age-standardised sepsis incidence (A) and mortality (B) per 100 000 population and SDI, by location and underlying cause category for both sexes, in 2017 Every point represents one country or territory. 195 countries and territories worldwide are categorised according to SDI. SDI=Socio-demographic Index.
Figure 4 Age-standardised sepsis incidence (A) and mortality (B) per 100 000 population and SDI, by location and underlying cause category for both sexes, in 2017 Every point represents one country or territory. 195 countries and territories worldwide are categorised according to SDI. SDI=Socio-demographic Index.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Percentage of all sepsis-related deaths in each underlying cause category, by age group and for both sexes, in 2017 Bars represent 95% uncertainty intervals.
Figure 5 Percentage of all sepsis-related deaths in each underlying cause category, by age group and for both sexes, in 2017 Bars represent 95% uncertainty intervals.CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Singer, 2016, The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3), JAMA, 315, 801, 10.1001/jama.2016.0287 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 7,971

Metadata

Authors
Rudd, K. E., Johnson, S. C., Agesa, K. M., Shackelford, K. A., Tsoi, D., Kievlan, D. R., Colombara, D. V., Ikuta, K. S., Kissoon, N., Finfer, S., Fleischmann-Struzek, C., Machado, F. R., Reinhart, K. K., Rowan, K., Seymour, C. W., Watson, R. S., West, T. E., Marinho, F., Hay, S. I., Lozano, R., Lopez, A. D., Angus, D. C., Murray, C. J. L., & Naghavi, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
  • UNSW Sydney (AU)
  • Jena University Hospital (DE)
  • Seattle Children's Hospital (US)
  • Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
Corresponding author
Naghavi, Mohsen
ORCID
Venue
The Lancet
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-01
Volume
395
Issue
10219
Pages
200-211
ISSN
  • 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
  • 0140-6736
DOI
10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32989-7
PMC
PMC6970225
OpenAlex
W2998853022
Cited by
7,971
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 1540 · 2025: 1722 · 2024: 1545 · 2023: 1195 · 2022: 899 · 2021: 735 · 2020: 329
FWCI
567.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Lancet (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health (T32HL007287, T32HL007820, R35GM119519)
  • National Health and Medical Research Council (no 1117230)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Health and Epidemiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and Maternal Infections
Keywords
sepsis, sepsis incidence, sepsis mortality, global burden of disease, case fatality, underlying cause of death, age-standardized incidence rate, temporal trends, regional variation, sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, hospital records, cause-specific mortality, health policy interventions, resource allocation, health loss, nosocomial infections, infection-related mortality, sepsis surveillance
MeSH terms
Global Burden of Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cause of Death, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Socioeconomic Factors, Incidence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Sepsis, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review