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Impact and effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, and deaths following a nationwide vaccination campaign in Israel: an observational study using national surveillance data
Open accessAbstract
Background Following the emergency use authorisation of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 (international non-proprietary name tozinameran) in Israel, the Ministry of Health (MoH) launched a campaign to immunise the 6·5 million residents of Israel aged 16 years and older. We estimated the real-world effectiveness of two doses of BNT162b2 against a range of SARS-CoV-2 outcomes and to evaluate the nationwide public-health impact following the widespread introduction of the vaccine.Methods We used national surveillance data from the first 4 months of the nationwide vaccination campaign to ascertain incident cases of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and outcomes, as well as vaccine uptake in residents of Israel aged 16 years and older. Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 outcomes (asymptomatic infection, symptomatic infection, and COVID-19-related hospitalisation, severe or critical hospitalisation, and death) was calculated on the basis of incidence rates in fully vaccinated individuals (defined as those for whom 7 days had passed since receiving the second dose of vaccine) compared with rates in unvaccinated individuals (who had not received any doses of the vaccine), with use of a negative binomial regression model adjusted for age group (16-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75-84, and ≥85 years), sex, and calendar week. The proportion of spike gene target failures on PCR test among a nationwide convenience-sample of SARS-CoV-2-positive specimens was used to estimate the prevelance of the B.1.1.7 variant.Findings During the analysis period (Jan 24 to April 3, 2021), there were 232 268 SARS-CoV-2 infections, 7694 COVID-19 hospitalisations, 4481 severe or critical COVID-19 hospitalisations, and 1113 COVID-19 deaths in people aged 16 years or older. By April 3, 2021, 4 714 932 (72·1%) of 6 538 911 people aged 16 years and older were fully vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2. Adjusted estimates of vaccine effectiveness at 7 days or longer after the second dose were 95·3% (95% CI 94·9-95·7; incidence rate 91·5 per 100 000 person-days in unvaccinated vs 3·1 per 100 000 person-days in fully vaccinated individuals) against SARS-CoV-2 infection, 91·5% (90·7-92·2; 40·9 vs 1·8 per 100 000 person-days) against asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 97·0% (96·7-97·2; 32·5 vs 0·8 per 100 000 person-days) against symptomatic COVID-19, 97·2% (96·8-97·5; 4·6 vs 0·3 per 100 000 person-days) against COVID-19-related hospitalisation, 97·5% (97·1-97·8; 2·7 vs 0·2 per 100 000 person-days) against severe or critical COVID-19-related hospitalisation, and 96·7% (96·0-97·3; 0·6 vs 0·1 per 100 000 person-days) against COVID-19-related death. In all age groups, as vaccine coverage increased, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 outcomes declined. 8006 of 8472 samples tested showed a spike gene target failure, giving an estimated prevalence of the B.1.1.7 variant of 94·5% among SARS-CoV-2 infections.Interpretation Two doses of BNT162b2 are highly effective across all age groups (≥16 years, including older adults aged ≥85 years) in preventing symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19-related hospitalisations, severe disease, and death, including those caused by the B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 variant. There were marked and sustained declines in SARS-CoV-2 incidence corresponding to increasing vaccine coverage. These findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccination can help to control the pandemic.Funding None.
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“For context, for a state that is near the herd immunity threshold (70-80% based on recent estimates 22 ), a discrepancy of 10 percentage points in vaccination rates could be the difference between containment and uncontrolled exponential growth in new SARS-CoV-2 infections.”
From Unrepresentative big surveys significantly overestimated US vaccine uptake (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
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“Real-world setting studies performed, few months into vaccination campaigns, showed high effectiveness of these vaccines [1-8].”
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“As previously reported for other vaccines29–33, the neutralizing antibody titres against certain SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as the B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants, were lower than those against the parental strain WA1/2020.”
From Optimization of non-coding regions for a non-modified mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Observational postmarketing studies, including this analysis, have consistently demonstrated a strong association between vaccination and risk reductions in COVID-19 hospitalization in immunocompetent individuals, suggesting that the high efficacy observed in mRNA clinical trials translates into beneficial effects in the community setting.2,3,10”
From Association Between mRNA Vaccination and COVID-19 Hospitalization and Disease Severity (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“A randomized, controlled trial and real-world studies have shown vaccine efficacy of 94 to 95% with the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) and vaccine effectiveness in preventing symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) 7 days or more after receipt of the second dose of vaccine.1,3-5”
From Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
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“At the time of this study, the B.1.1.7 variant was the most widespread variant in Israel and accounted for up to 94.5% of SARS-CoV-2 isolates.1,16”
From Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Health Care Workers (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Since its rollout in late 2020 in Israel, the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) has been highly effective in preventing clinically significant coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).1-3”
From Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Health Care Workers (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“We identified the B.1.1.7 variant in 85% of cases, similar to its prevalence in the community.1,16”
From Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Health Care Workers (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“In cohort studies from Israel and Qatar, the BNT162b vaccine also retained greater than 90% efficacy against this variant 210,211 (TABLe 2).”
From The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [210]
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Marra, A. R., Sampaio, V. D. S., Ozahata, M. C., Lopes, R., Brito, A. F., Bragatte, M. A. D. S., Kalil, J. E., Miraglia, J. L., Malheiro, D. T., Guozhang, Y., et al. (2023) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/ice.2023.95 · Cited by 45
COVID-19: From emerging variants to vaccination
Senevirathne, T. H., Wekking, D., Swain, J. W. R., Solinas, C., & Silva, P. D. (2023) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.11.005 · Cited by 45
Ahmed, S., Khan, S., Imran, I., Mughairbi, F. A., Sheikh, F. S., Hussain, J., Khan, A., & Al‐Harrasi, A. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9080836 · Cited by 41
“A nationwide vaccination campaign in Israel found the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine to be 95% effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection seven days or more after the second dose [61].”
BackgroundBonnet, B., Chabrolles, H., Archimbaud, C., Brebion, A., Cosme, J., Dutheil, F., Lambert, C., Junda, M., Mirand, A., Ollier, A., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.842912 · Cited by 43
Sources of bias in observational studies of covid‐19 vaccine effectiveness
Fung, K., Jones, M., & Doshi, P. (2023) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.13839 · Cited by 47
Timing of elective surgery and risk assessment after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: 2023 update
El‐Boghdadly, K., Cook, T. M., Goodacre, T., Kua, J., Denmark, S., Mercer, N. S. G., Moonesinghe, R., & Summerton, D. J. (2023) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.16061 · Cited by 42
The mystery of COVID-19 reinfections: A global systematic review and meta-analysis
Dhillon, R. A., Qamar, M. A., Gilani, J. A., Irfan, O., Waqar, U., Sajid, M. I., & Mahmood, S. F. (2021) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103130 · Cited by 40
“A recent report of a 4-month surveillance of mass immunization in Israel [117] notes two doses of the Pfizer BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine to be highly effective (95.3%; 95% CI 94.9 – 95.7) against SARS-CoV-2 infection and mitigated COVID-19-related hospitalizations, severe disease, and death,…”
InfluentialBasso, P., Negro, C., Cegolon, L., & Filon, F. L. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14020336 · Cited by 43
Lv, J., Wu, H., Xu, J., & Liu, J. (2022) · Infectious Diseases of Poverty · doi:10.1186/s40249-022-00977-x · Cited by 40
“A significant number of studies have established associations between humoral responses and vaccine efficacy, such as against symptomatic diseases, severe diseases, and hospitalisation [31, 32].”
BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination elicits robust antibody responses in children
Bartsch, Y. C., Denis, K. S., Kapłonek, P., Kang, J., Lam, E. C., Burns, M. D., Farkas, E. J., Davis, J. P., Boribong, B. P., Edlow, A. G., et al. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abn9237 · Cited by 58
“Real-world effectiveness data suggest that mRNA vaccines confer robust protection against severe disease and death against the original (wild-type) SARS-CoV-2 strain (Wuhan) at greater than 90% ( 20 ).”
Yuan, Z., Shao, Z., Ma, L., & Guo, R. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15101994 · Cited by 41
Gardner, B. J., & Kilpatrick, A. M. (2024) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v16030479 · Cited by 43
Triveri, A., Serapian, S. A., Marchetti, F., Doria, F., Pavoni, S., Cinquini, F., Moroni, E., Rasola, A., Frigerio, F., & Colombo, G. (2021) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00857 · Cited by 38
The pervasive role of accounting and accountability during the COVID-19 emergency
Leoni, G., Lai, A., Stacchezzini, R., Steccolini, I., Brammer, S. J., Linnenluecke, M. K., & Demirag, I. S. (2021) · Accounting Auditing & Accountability Journal · doi:10.1108/aaaj-10-2021-5493 · Cited by 41
Saciuk, Y., Kertes, J., Mandel, M., Hemo, B., Shamir-Stein, N., & Zohar, A. E. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106947 · Cited by 41
“National population-based data reported 94% vaccine effectiveness for infection with a 45-day follow-up period.(10) The current study, carried out at Maccabi HealthCare Services (MHC), followed up the vaccine target J rn al P re -p ro of Journal Pre-proof”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialVaccination of older adults: Influenza, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, COVID-19 and beyond
Weinberger, B. (2021) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-021-00249-6 · Cited by 44
Safety and Efficacy of the Common Vaccines against COVID-19
Liu, Y., & Ye, Q. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10040513 · Cited by 44
“1% against death at 7 days or longer and at 14 days and long after the second dose, respectively [65].”
BackgroundSasso, B. L., Agnello, L., Giglio, R. V., Gambino, C. M., Ciaccio, A. M., Vidali, M., & Ciaccio, M. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12750-z · Cited by 39
Agrati, C., Bartolini, B., Bordoni, V., Locatelli, F., Capobianchi, M. R., Di, A., Castilletti, C., & Ippolito, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147871 · Cited by 48
Trimpert, J., Adler, J. M., Eschke, K., Abdelgawad, A., Firsching, T. C., Ebert, N., Thao, T. T. N., Gruber, A. D., Thiel, V., Osterrieder, N., et al. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abk0172 · Cited by 41
Detection and Monitoring of Viral Infections via Wearable Devices and Biometric Data
Goergen, C. J., Tweardy, M. J., Steinhubl, S. R., Wegerich, S., Singh, K., Mieloszyk, R. J., & Dunn, J. (2021) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-103020-040136 · Cited by 44
dos Santos, C. V. B., de Noronha, T. G., Werneck, G. L., Struchiner, C. J., & Villela, D. A. M. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100418 · Cited by 41
T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in people with and without neurologic symptoms of long COVIDPreprint
Visvabharathy, L., Hanson, B. A., Orban, Z. S., Lim, P. H., Palacio, N. M., Jimenez, M., Clark, J. R., Graham, E. L., Liotta, E. M., Tachas, G., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.08.08.21261763 · Cited by 40
Elucidating causes of COVID-19 infection and related deaths after vaccination
Jain, V. K., Iyengar, K. P., & Ish, P. (2021) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102212 · Cited by 39
“asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19-related hospitalizations, severe disease, and death [4,5].”
BackgroundGilboa, M., Mandelboim, M., Indenbaum, V., Lustig, Y., Cohen, C., Rahav, G., Asraf, K., Amit, S., Jaber, H., Nemet, I., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab584 · Cited by 38
Yu, Y., Esposito, D., Kang, Z., Lü, J., Remaley, A. T., Giorgi, V. D., Chen, L. N., West, K. A., & Cao, L. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06629-2 · Cited by 40
Sadeghi, S., Kalantari, Y., Shokri, S., Fallahpour, M., Nafissi, N., Goodarzi, A., & Valizadeh, R. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Virology · doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105196 · Cited by 41
Are inhaled mRNA vaccines safe and effective? A review of preclinical studies
Jansen, E. M., Frijlink, H. W., Hinrichs, W. L. J., & Ruigrok, M. J. R. (2022) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2022.2131767 · Cited by 37
“Furthermore, clinical data of the intramuscular delivered mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 show that lipid nanoparticles are safe and participants to clinical phase I and II trials where intramuscular delivered mRNA lipid nanoparticles are used to treat different types of cancer tolerate the lipid nanoparticles very w…”
BackgroundCounty-Level Vaccination Coverage and Rates of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in the United States
McLaughlin, J. M., Khan, F. L., Pugh, S. J., Swerdlow, D. L., & Jódar, L. (2021) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100191 · Cited by 46
Self-citationWee, L. E., Pang, D., Chiew, C. J., Tan, J. S. H., Lee, V., Ong, B., Lye, D. C., & Tan, K. B. (2023) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciad345 · Cited by 38
Correlates of protection for booster doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2
Hertz, T., Levy, S., Ostrovsky, D. A., Oppenheimer, H., Zismanov, S., Kuzmina, A., Friedman, L. M., Trifkovic, S., Brice, D. C., Chun-Yang, L., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39816-4 · Cited by 37
National Vaccination and Local Intervention Impacts on COVID-19 Cases
Toharudin, T., Pontoh, R. S., Caraka, R. E., Zahroh, S., Kendogo, P., Sijabat, N., Sari, M. D. P., Gio, P. U., Basyuni, M., & Pardamean, B. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13158282 · Cited by 44
“The efficacy of the v cine, t en, appears a few w eks later [21].”
BackgroundAnderson, R. M., Vegvari, C., Hollingsworth, T. D., Pi, L., Maddren, R., Ng, C. W., & Baggaley, R. F. (2021) · Interface Focus · doi:10.1098/rsfs.2021.0008 · Cited by 38
Frames that matter: Increasing the willingness to get the Covid-19 vaccines
Diament, S. M., Kaya, A., & Magenheim, E. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114562 · Cited by 39
“, 2020) offers hope for achieving herd immunity and containing the disease’s spread (Haas et al., 2021; Tande et al., 2021).”
Huzly, D., Panning, M., Smely, F., Enders, M., Komp, J., Falcone, V., & Steinmann, D. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Virology · doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105098 · Cited by 38
Clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 breakthrough infections: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Lee, C. J., Woo, W., Kim, A. Y., Yon, D. K., Lee, S. W., Koyanagi, A., Kim, M. S., Tizaoui, K., Dragioti, E., Raduà, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.27871 · Cited by 39
“In Israel, vaccinations across all ages were observed to be highly effective in preventing both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, hospitalization, severe disease, and death.(2) Another study found significant decline in vaccine effectiveness with age and with existing comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, chro…”
BackgroundCOVID-19 Vaccination and the Timing of Surgery Following COVID-19 Infection
Le, S., Kipnis, P., Cohn, B. R., & Liu, V. X. (2022) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000005597 · Cited by 40
Angel-Korman, A., Peres, E., Bryk, G., Lustig, Y., Indenbaum, V., Amit, S., Rapoport, V., Katzir, Z., Yagil, Y., Iaina, N. L., et al. (2021) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfab206 · Cited by 39
Piñana, J. L., López‐Corral, L., Martino, R., Vázquez, L., Pérez, A., Martin‐Martin, G., Gago, B., Sanz‐Linares, G., Sánchez‐Salinas, A., Villalón, L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-022-01275-7 · Cited by 37
Variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Vaccine Effectiveness
Tulimilli, S. V., Dallavalasa, S., Basavaraju, C. G., Rao, V. K., Chikkahonnaiah, P., Madhunapantula, S. V., & Veeranna, R. P. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10101751 · Cited by 39
“In Israel, with the emergence of the Delta variant, the overall efficacy of vaccines against infection has reduced from 95% to 39% [21].”
BackgroundPotential pitfalls in the use of real-world data for studying long COVID
Zhang, H. G., Honerlaw, J. P., Maripuri, M., Samayamuthu, M. J., Beaulieu-Jones, B. R., Baig, H. S., L’Yi, S., Ho, Y.-L. A., Morris, M. M., Panickan, V. A., et al. (2023) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02274-y · Cited by 37
Alternative splicing in lung influences COVID-19 severity and respiratory diseases
Nakanishi, T., Willett, J., Farjoun, Y., Allen, R. J., Guillén‐Guío, B., Adra, D., Zhou, S., & Richards, J. B. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41912-4 · Cited by 35
Pfaffenlehner, M., Behrens, M., Zöller, D., Ungethüm, K., Günther, K., Rücker, V., Reese, J., Heuschmann, P. U., Kesselmeier, M., Remo, F., et al. (2025) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-024-02440-x · Cited by 41
“The primary type of information bias (n = 7) observed was misclassification bias, affecting either the exposure or outcome [23, 26, 29, 30].”
Real-World Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines among Healthcare Workers in Perinatal Medicine in China
Xu, B., Gao, X., Zhang, X., Hu, Y., Yang, H., & Zhou, Y. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9070704 · Cited by 37
Kwon, J. H., Tenforde, M. W., Gaglani, M., Talbot, H. K., Ginde, A. A., McNeal, T., Ghamande, S. A., Douin, D. J., Casey, J. D., Mohr, N. M., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiac118 · Cited by 38
Vinson, A. J., Anzalone, A. J., Sun, J., Dai, R., Agarwal, G., Lee, S. B., French, E., Olex, A. L., Ison, M. G., & Mannon, R. B. (2022) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ajt.17117 · Cited by 37
“Zhu; (10) Phenotype Team (Individuals who create the scripts that the sites use to submit their data, based on the COVID and Long COVID definitions): Emily R.”
BackgroundMartin, P., Gleeson, S., Clarke, C., Thomson, T., Edwards, H., Spensley, K. J., Mortimer, P. M., McIntyre, S., Cox, A. D., Pickard, G., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100478 · Cited by 34
Myopericarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Yasuhara, J., Masuda, K., Aikawa, T., Shirasu, T., Takagi, H., Lee, S., & Kuno, T. (2022) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.4768 · Cited by 39
“Eligibility Criteria Included studies met the following criteria: (1) observational studies or case series published in a peer-reviewed journal, (2) the study population was adolescents and young adults (aged 12-20 years) with myopericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination, and (3) the study reported the clinical characte…”
BackgroundHigher COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Are Associated with Lower COVID-19 Mortality: A Global Analysis
Hoxha, I. S., Agahi, R., Bimbashi, A., Aliu, M., Raka, L., Bajraktari, I., Beqiri, P., & Adams, L. V. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11010074 · Cited by 37
“This global analysis is consistent with other results, such as Haas and colleagues’ study of the effects of mass vaccination in Israel [56] and Bernal’s study of older adults in England [57].”
ResultCharacteristics and risk of COVID-19-related death in fully vaccinated people in Scotland
Grange, Z., Buelo, A., Sullivan, C. B., Moore, E., Agrawal, U., Boukhari, K., McLaughlan, I., Stockton, D., McCowan, C., Robertson, C., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02316-3 · Cited by 37
Kislaya, I., Rodrigues, E. F., Borges, V., Gomes, J. P., Sousa, C., Almeida, J. P., Peralta‐Santos, A., Nunes, B., & Group2, P.-C.-1. (2021) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2802.211789 · Cited by 36
“39) 2 doses (>14 d)§ 162 (12) 38 (5) 1.”
BackgroundCutaneous reactions to COVID-19 vaccines: A review
Tan, S. W., Tam, Y. C., & Pang, S. M. (2022) · JAAD International · doi:10.1016/j.jdin.2022.01.011 · Cited by 36
Metadata
- Authors
- Haas, E. J., Angulo, F. J., McLaughlin, J. M., Anis, E., Singer, S. R., Khan, F., Brooks, N., Smaja, M., Mircus, G., Pan, K., Southern, J., Swerdlow, D. L., Jodar, L., Levy, Y., & Alroy-Preis, S.
- Affiliations
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- Pfizer (United States) (US)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Israel Ministry of Health (IL)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 397
- Issue
- 10287
- Pages
- 1819-1829
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC8099315
- OpenAlex
- W3158276912
- Semantic Scholar
- 096d4aae680648191460c8297e1a9d74c3a73c03
- Cited by
- 1,564
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 161 · 2023: 277 · 2022: 604 · 2021: 417
- FWCI
- 115.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2021-07-17)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Harvard University
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Keywords
- BNT162b2, COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, real-world effectiveness, COVID-19 hospitalization, COVID-19 mortality, asymptomatic infection, symptomatic infection, vaccine uptake, B.1.1.7 variant, public health impact
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, BNT162 Vaccine, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Israel, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, RNA, Messenger, Incidence, Mass Vaccination, Young Adult, Asymptomatic Infections, Pandemics
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