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Impact and effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, and deaths following a nationwide vaccination campaign in Israel: an observational study using national surveillance data
Open accessAbstract
Background Following the emergency use authorisation of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 (international non-proprietary name tozinameran) in Israel, the Ministry of Health (MoH) launched a campaign to immunise the 6·5 million residents of Israel aged 16 years and older. We estimated the real-world effectiveness of two doses of BNT162b2 against a range of SARS-CoV-2 outcomes and to evaluate the nationwide public-health impact following the widespread introduction of the vaccine.Methods We used national surveillance data from the first 4 months of the nationwide vaccination campaign to ascertain incident cases of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and outcomes, as well as vaccine uptake in residents of Israel aged 16 years and older. Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 outcomes (asymptomatic infection, symptomatic infection, and COVID-19-related hospitalisation, severe or critical hospitalisation, and death) was calculated on the basis of incidence rates in fully vaccinated individuals (defined as those for whom 7 days had passed since receiving the second dose of vaccine) compared with rates in unvaccinated individuals (who had not received any doses of the vaccine), with use of a negative binomial regression model adjusted for age group (16-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75-84, and ≥85 years), sex, and calendar week. The proportion of spike gene target failures on PCR test among a nationwide convenience-sample of SARS-CoV-2-positive specimens was used to estimate the prevelance of the B.1.1.7 variant.Findings During the analysis period (Jan 24 to April 3, 2021), there were 232 268 SARS-CoV-2 infections, 7694 COVID-19 hospitalisations, 4481 severe or critical COVID-19 hospitalisations, and 1113 COVID-19 deaths in people aged 16 years or older. By April 3, 2021, 4 714 932 (72·1%) of 6 538 911 people aged 16 years and older were fully vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2. Adjusted estimates of vaccine effectiveness at 7 days or longer after the second dose were 95·3% (95% CI 94·9-95·7; incidence rate 91·5 per 100 000 person-days in unvaccinated vs 3·1 per 100 000 person-days in fully vaccinated individuals) against SARS-CoV-2 infection, 91·5% (90·7-92·2; 40·9 vs 1·8 per 100 000 person-days) against asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 97·0% (96·7-97·2; 32·5 vs 0·8 per 100 000 person-days) against symptomatic COVID-19, 97·2% (96·8-97·5; 4·6 vs 0·3 per 100 000 person-days) against COVID-19-related hospitalisation, 97·5% (97·1-97·8; 2·7 vs 0·2 per 100 000 person-days) against severe or critical COVID-19-related hospitalisation, and 96·7% (96·0-97·3; 0·6 vs 0·1 per 100 000 person-days) against COVID-19-related death. In all age groups, as vaccine coverage increased, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 outcomes declined. 8006 of 8472 samples tested showed a spike gene target failure, giving an estimated prevalence of the B.1.1.7 variant of 94·5% among SARS-CoV-2 infections.Interpretation Two doses of BNT162b2 are highly effective across all age groups (≥16 years, including older adults aged ≥85 years) in preventing symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19-related hospitalisations, severe disease, and death, including those caused by the B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 variant. There were marked and sustained declines in SARS-CoV-2 incidence corresponding to increasing vaccine coverage. These findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccination can help to control the pandemic.Funding None.
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“For context, for a state that is near the herd immunity threshold (70-80% based on recent estimates 22 ), a discrepancy of 10 percentage points in vaccination rates could be the difference between containment and uncontrolled exponential growth in new SARS-CoV-2 infections.”
From Unrepresentative big surveys significantly overestimated US vaccine uptake (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
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“Real-world setting studies performed, few months into vaccination campaigns, showed high effectiveness of these vaccines [1-8].”
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“As previously reported for other vaccines29–33, the neutralizing antibody titres against certain SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as the B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants, were lower than those against the parental strain WA1/2020.”
From Optimization of non-coding regions for a non-modified mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
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“Observational postmarketing studies, including this analysis, have consistently demonstrated a strong association between vaccination and risk reductions in COVID-19 hospitalization in immunocompetent individuals, suggesting that the high efficacy observed in mRNA clinical trials translates into beneficial effects in the community setting.2,3,10”
From Association Between mRNA Vaccination and COVID-19 Hospitalization and Disease Severity (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“A randomized, controlled trial and real-world studies have shown vaccine efficacy of 94 to 95% with the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) and vaccine effectiveness in preventing symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) 7 days or more after receipt of the second dose of vaccine.1,3-5”
From Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“At the time of this study, the B.1.1.7 variant was the most widespread variant in Israel and accounted for up to 94.5% of SARS-CoV-2 isolates.1,16”
From Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Health Care Workers (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Since its rollout in late 2020 in Israel, the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) has been highly effective in preventing clinically significant coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).1-3”
From Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Health Care Workers (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“We identified the B.1.1.7 variant in 85% of cases, similar to its prevalence in the community.1,16”
From Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Health Care Workers (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“In cohort studies from Israel and Qatar, the BNT162b vaccine also retained greater than 90% efficacy against this variant 210,211 (TABLe 2).”
From The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [210]
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“This potentially overestimates the incidence rate (particularly in comparison to 0.031 in Israel’s national surveillance data [60], ~0.01 in the original Pfizer/BNT162b2 and Moderna/mRNA-1273 trials [1,2]) because we imposed a criterion to only include those who have at least 1 PCR test available,…”
InfluentialRole of Senescence and Aging in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Disease
Lynch, S. M., Guo, G., Gibson, D. S., Bjourson, A. J., & Singh, T. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10123367 · Cited by 70
COVID-19 Vaccination Effectiveness Against Infection or Death in a National U.S. Health Care System
Ioannou, G. N., Locke, E. R., O’Hare, A. M., Bohnert, A. S. B., Boyko, E. J., Hynes, D. M., & Berry, K. (2021) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m21-3256 · Cited by 76
“The study's primary outcome was VE 7 or more days after the second vaccine dose, in agreement with prior studies (1, 6, 7).”
ResultNon-covalent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors developed from in silico screen hits
Rossetti, G. G., Ossorio, M., Rempel, S., Kratzel, A., Dionellis, V. S., Barriot, S., Tropia, L., Gorgulla, C., Arthanari, H., Thiel, V., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06306-4 · Cited by 74
Romero‐Olmedo, A. J., Schulz, A. R., Hochstätter, S., Gupta, D. D., Virta, I., Hirseland, H., Staudenraus, D., Camara, B., Münch, C., Hefter, V., et al. (2022) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-021-01046-z · Cited by 66
Alexander, J. L., Liu, Z., Sandoval, D. M., Reynolds, C. J., Ibraheim, H., Anandabaskaran, S., Saifuddin, A., Seoane, R. C., Anand, N., Nice, R., et al. (2022) · The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00274-6 · Cited by 72
Six months of COVID vaccines: what 1.7 billion doses have taught scientists
Ledford, H. K. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-021-01505-x · Cited by 68
Rovida, F., Cassaniti, I., Paolucci, S., Percivalle, E., Sarasini, A., Piralla, A., Giardina, F., Sammartino, J. C., Ferrari, A., Bergami, F., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26154-6 · Cited by 62
Layan, M., Gilboa, M., Gonen, T., Goldenfeld, M., Meltzer, L., Andronico, A., Hozé, N., Cauchemez, S., & Regev‐Yochay, G. (2022) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwac042 · Cited by 67
“In general population studies, vaccine effectiveness for symptomatic infections ranged from 57% 14 days after the first dose (4) to 89% (4), and 97% 7 days after the second dose (9).”
Whittaker, R. N., Kristoffersen, A. B., Salamanca, B. V., Seppälä, E. M., Golestani, K., Kvåle, R., Watle, S. V., & Buanes, E. A. (2022) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2022.01.033 · Cited by 67
Mak, H., Dai, T., & Tang, C. S. (2022) · Production and Operations Management · doi:10.1111/poms.13862 · Cited by 71
“This is because the vaccines (e.g., Pfizer and AstraZeneca) have significant effects on not only preventing infections, but also reducing infectiousness of those who get infected despite vaccinations, as found by Public Health England (Harris et al. 2021) in the U.K. rollout.”
Trimpert, J., Dietert, K., Firsching, T. C., Ebert, N., Thao, T. T. N., Vladimirova, D., Kaufer, S., Labroussaa, F., Abdelgawad, A., Conradie, A. M., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109493 · Cited by 64
Goldberg, Y., Mandel, M., Woodbridge, Y., Fluss, R., Novikov, I., Yaari, R., Ziv, A., Freedman, L. S., & Huppert, A. (2022) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwac060 · Cited by 64
Waning of SARS-CoV-2 booster viral-load reduction effectiveness
Levine-Tiefenbrun, M., Yelin, I., Alapi, H., Herzel, E., Kuint, J., Chodick, G., Gazit, S., Patalon, T., & Kishony, R. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28936-y · Cited by 63
Reno, C., Maietti, E., Valerio, Z. D., Montalti, M., Fantini, M. P., & Gori, D. (2021) · Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.3390/idr13030066 · Cited by 63
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies elicited by COVID-19 mRNA vaccine exhibit a unique glycosylation pattern
Farkash, I., Feferman, T., Saban, N. C., Avraham, Y., Morgenstern, D., Mayuni, G., Barth, N., Lustig, Y., Miller, L., Shouval, D. S., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110114 · Cited by 60
“Interestingly, a slight reduction in vaccine efficacy for asymptomatic infection, but not for symptomatic and severe COVID-19, was reported in older adults (Haas et al., 2021; Jalkanen et al., 2021).”
BackgroundKang, M., Yi, Y., Li, Y., Sun, L., Deng, A., Hu, T., Zhang, J., Liu, J., Cheng, M., Xie, S., et al. (2022) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m21-3509 · Cited by 63
Fu, P., Yan, G., Li, Y., Xie, L., Ke, Y., Qiu, S., Wu, S., Shi, X., Qin, J., Zhou, J., et al. (2024) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2024.08.016 · Cited by 63
Varghese, E., Samuel, S. M., Líšková, A., Kubatka, P., & Büsselberg, D. (2021) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009634 · Cited by 64
Sibbel, S. P., Mckeon, K. L., Luo, J., Wendt, K., Walker, A. G., Kelley, T., Lazar, R., Zywno, M. L., Connaire, J. J., Tentori, F., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2021060778 · Cited by 62
Banho, C. Á., Sacchetto, L., Campos, G. R. F., Bittar, C., Possebon, F. S., Ullmann, L. S., Marques, B. D. C., da Silva, G. C. D., Moraes, M. M., Parra, M. C. P., et al. (2022) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-022-00108-5 · Cited by 63
Kerr, S., Bedston, S., Cezard, G. I., Sampri, A., Murphy, S., Bradley, D., Morrison, K., Akbari, A., Whiteley, W. N., Sullivan, C. B., et al. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02467-4 · Cited by 61
Nunes, B., Rodrigues, A. P., Kislaya, I., Cruz, C., Peralta‐Santos, A., Lima, J., Leite, P. P., Sequeira, D. J., Dias, C. M., & Machado, A. (2021) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.38.2100833 · Cited by 60
“For the complete vaccination scheme, our results for the cohort aged 65–79 years are comparable to other studies conducted in the US and Israel in the population aged 65 and older, which reported a VE of Comirnaty against hospitalisations of 94% and 97.9%, respectively [6,7].”
InfluentialSessa, F., Salerno, M., Esposito, M., Nunno, N. R. D., Zamboni, P., & Pomara, C. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10245876 · Cited by 60
“It has recently been reported that vaccines averted over one thousand deaths in Israeli during the first 4-months of the vaccination campaign [7].”
BackgroundZeng, Q., Wang, S., Li, M., Wang, S., Guo, C., Ruan, X., Watanabe, R., Lai, Y., Huang, Y., 殷晓煜, et al. (2023) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.010 · Cited by 60
de Gier, B., van Asten, L., Boere, T. M., van Roon, A. M., van Roekel, C., Pijpers, J., van Werkhoven, C. H., van den Ende, C., Hahné, S. J. M., de Melker, H. E., et al. (2023) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.005 · Cited by 59
“Previous studies on vaccine effectiveness (VE) against death due to COVID-19 have shown high VE shortly after the primary series, with waning of VE over time since vaccination [1–6].”
BackgroundResultGhosh, S., Shankar, S., Chatterjee, K., Chatterjee, K., Yadav, A., Pandya, K., Suryam, V., Agrawal, S., Ray, S., Phutane, V. S., et al. (2021) · Medical Journal Armed Forces India · doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.06.032 · Cited by 54
Hayawi, K., Shahriar, S., Serhani, M. A., Alashwal, H., & Masud, M. M. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9111305 · Cited by 58
“[26] Observational study Residents of Israel aged ≥16.”
BackgroundAntonini, M., Eid, M. A., Falkenbach, M., Rosenbluth, S. T., Prieto, P. A., Brammli‐Greenberg, S., McMeekin, P. J., & Paolucci, F. (2021) · Health Policy and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.hlpt.2021.100594 · Cited by 58
“[100] Haas EJ, Angulo FJ, McLaughlin JM, Anis E, Singer SR, Khan F, et al.”
Coverage and Estimated Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Among US Veterans
Young‐Xu, Y., Korves, C., Roberts, J., Powell, E. I., Zwain, G., Smith, J., & Izurieta, H. S. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28391 · Cited by 58
Hosani, F. I. A., Stanciole, A. E., Aden, B., Timoshkin, A., Najim, O., Zaher, W. A., AlDhaheri, F. A., Mazrouie, S. A., Rizvi, T. A., & Mustafa, F. (2021) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.039 · Cited by 61
“5 million people were vaccinated with two doses of the Pfizer-BNT162b2 vaccine [21].”
BackgroundMethodRearte, A., Castelli, J. M., Rearte, R., Fuentes, N., Pennini, V., Pesce, M., Barbeira, P. B., Iummato, L. E., Laurora, M., Bartolomeu, M. L., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00011-3 · Cited by 57
Vaccination and immunotherapies in neuroimmunological diseases
Winkelmann, A., Loebermann, M., Barnett, M. H., Hartung, H., & Zettl, U. K. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-022-00646-5 · Cited by 64
Zhang, Y., Belayachi, J., Yang, Y., Fu, Q., Rodewald, L. E., Li, H., Yan, B., Wang, Y., Shen, Y., Yang, Q., et al. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14016-9 · Cited by 57
Gazit, S., Shlezinger, R., Perez, G., Lotan, R., Peretz, A., Ben‐Tov, A., Herzel, E., Alapi, H., Cohen, D., Muhsen, K., et al. (2022) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m21-4130 · Cited by 55
Syversen, S. W., Jyssum, I., Tveter, A. T., Tran, T. T., Sexton, J., Provan, S. A., Mjaaland, S., Warren, D. J., Kvien, T. K., Grødeland, G., et al. (2022) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.42153 · Cited by 57
“5 mg 61/71 (86) 13/16 (81) NA Vaccine related§ BNT162b2 regimen, 2 doses 1,152 (70) 131 (86) 625 (56) mRNA-1273 regimen, 2 doses 401 (24) 14 (9) 246 (22) Combination regimen, 2 doses 71 (4) 4 (3) 243 (22) COVID-19 and 1 of any mRNA vaccine 23 (1) 4 (3) 0”
Rénia, L., Goh, Y. S., Rouers, A., Bert, N. L., Chia, W. N., Chavatte, J., Fong, S., Chang, Z. W., Zhuo, N. Z., Tay, M. Z., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32312-1 · Cited by 62
Macchia, A., Ferrante, D., Angeleri, P., Biscayart, C., Mariani, J. A., Esteban, S., Tablado, M. R., & de Quirós, F. G. B. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30800 · Cited by 55
“Vaccines Used The 3 vaccines used in this study were (1) the rAd26-rAd5 vaccine consisting of 2 adenovirus vectors (recombinant Ad26 [rAd26] and Ad5 [rAd5]), both containing the gene coding for the SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein; (2) the ChAdOx1 vaccine, which uses as a vector a modified adenovirus containing the full-length…”
MethodIndirect protection of children from SARS-CoV-2 infection through parental vaccination
Hayek, S., Shaham, G., Ben‐Shlomo, Y., Kepten, E., Dagan, N., Nevo, D., Lipsitch, M., Reis, B. Y., Balicer, R. D., & Barda, N. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abm3087 · Cited by 52
Epsi, N. J., Richard, S. A., Lindholm, D. A., Mende, K., Ganesan, A., Huprikar, N., Lalani, T., Fries, A. C., Maves, R. C., Colombo, R. E., et al. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac392 · Cited by 59
“Since their widespread use in the United States, and 5 elsewhere, these two mRNA vaccines proved highly effective in preventing, hospitalization, 6 morbidity, and death [5-7].”
BackgroundKim, S. Y., & Yeniova, A. Ö. (2022) · Life Cycle · doi:10.54724/lc.2022.e10 · Cited by 57
“Second, as the data was collected by WHO, governments, international, national, and regional authorities, there is the possibility that the estimates may tend to underestimate or overestimate the levels of incidence and mortality of COVID-19.”
BackgroundInfluentialNon-Pharmacological Therapies for Post-Viral Syndromes, Including Long COVID: A Systematic Review
Chandan, J. S., Brown, K. R., Simms-Williams, N., Bashir, N. Z., Camaradou, J., Heining, D., Turner, G., Rivera, S. C., Hotham, R., Minhas, S., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043477 · Cited by 58
Galanis, P., Vraka, I. S., Siskou, O. C., Konstantakopoulou, O., Katsiroumpa, A., & Καϊτελίδου, Δ. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.07.28.21261261 · Cited by 51
“…the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, unfavorable outcomes, and deaths among vaccinated individuals (Amit et al., 2021; Dagan et al., 2021; Haas et al., 2021; Hall et al., 2021; Vasileiou et al., 2021).”
Glatman‐Freedman, A., Bromberg, M., Dichtiar, R., Hershkovitz, Y., & Keinan‐Boker, L. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103574 · Cited by 52
“Furthermore, the (cid:1) 80 year old age-group was not compared to other age groups over time in other VE studies [4,18,19,22].”
InfluentialThe effect of COVID-19 vaccination in Italy and perspectives for living with the virus
Marziano, V., Guzzetta, G., Mammone, A., Riccardo, F., Poletti, P., Trentini, F., Manica, M., Siddu, A., Bella, A., Stefanelli, P., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27532-w · Cited by 55
Sing, C., Tang, C. T.-L., Chui, C. S. L., Fan, M., Lai, F. T. T., Li, X., Wan, E. Y. F., Wong, C. K. H., Chan, E. W., Hung, I. F., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.26478 · Cited by 56
Covid-19: virology, variants, and vaccines
Young, M., Crook, H., Scott, J. T., & Edison, P. (2022) · BMJ Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjmed-2021-000040 · Cited by 55
Mahil, S. K., Bechman, K., Raharja, A., Domingo‐Vila, C., Baudry, D., Brown, M. A., Cope, A. P., Dasandi, T., Graham, C., Khan, H., et al. (2022) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) · Cited by 53
Metadata
- Authors
- Haas, E. J., Angulo, F. J., McLaughlin, J. M., Anis, E., Singer, S. R., Khan, F., Brooks, N., Smaja, M., Mircus, G., Pan, K., Southern, J., Swerdlow, D. L., Jodar, L., Levy, Y., & Alroy-Preis, S.
- Affiliations
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- Pfizer (United States) (US)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Israel Ministry of Health (IL)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 397
- Issue
- 10287
- Pages
- 1819-1829
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC8099315
- OpenAlex
- W3158276912
- Semantic Scholar
- 096d4aae680648191460c8297e1a9d74c3a73c03
- Cited by
- 1,564
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 161 · 2023: 277 · 2022: 604 · 2021: 417
- FWCI
- 115.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2021-07-17)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Harvard University
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Keywords
- BNT162b2, COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, real-world effectiveness, COVID-19 hospitalization, COVID-19 mortality, asymptomatic infection, symptomatic infection, vaccine uptake, B.1.1.7 variant, public health impact
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, BNT162 Vaccine, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Israel, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, RNA, Messenger, Incidence, Mass Vaccination, Young Adult, Asymptomatic Infections, Pandemics
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