Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Cohen, Judith A.

doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2009.12.020

Cited by 520Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchChild Abuse and TraumaPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

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Cohen, Judith A.·2010·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2009.12.020

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Abstract

This Practice Parameter reviews the evidence from research and clinical experience and highlights significant advances in the assessment and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder since the previous Parameter was published in 1998. It highlights the importance of early identification of posttraumatic stress disorder, the importance of gathering information from parents and children, and the assessment and treatment of comorbid disorders. It presents evidence to support trauma-focused psychotherapy, medications, and a combination of interventions in a multimodal approach.

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Traumatic injuries and abuse are important risk factors for suicide due to alterations in mood and cognition that are part of PTSD symptomology.
“Traumatic injuries and abuse are important risk factors for suicide due to alterations in mood and cognition that are part of PTSD symptomology.”
From Adolescent Suicide—Understanding Unique Risks and Opportunities for Trauma Centers to Recognize, Intervene, and Prevent a Leading Cause of Death (2022) · cites this paper as [56]
Injured adolescents may experience mood changes along with long periods of re-experiencing traumatic symptoms alternating with long periods of avoidance and emotional numbing.
“It is important for clinicians working with injured adolescents to know that these patients may experience mood changes (sad or irritable mood) along with long periods of re-experiencing traumatic symptoms (intrusive memories, recurrent nightmares, or flashbacks) that alternate with long periods of avoidance (in talking about and avoiding/recalling the traumatic incident) and emotional numbing [56”
From Adolescent Suicide—Understanding Unique Risks and Opportunities for Trauma Centers to Recognize, Intervene, and Prevent a Leading Cause of Death (2022) · cites this paper as [56]
If avoidance and emotional numbing are present, the adolescent may appear unaffected by trauma, and re-experiencing symptoms may be masked.
“If avoidance and affective or emotional numbing are present, the adolescent may appear to be unaffected by the trauma, and re-experiencing symptoms may be masked [56].”
From Adolescent Suicide—Understanding Unique Risks and Opportunities for Trauma Centers to Recognize, Intervene, and Prevent a Leading Cause of Death (2022) · cites this paper as [56]
Adolescents who experience traumatic events may have depressive symptoms as part of PTSD.
“Adolescents who experience traumatic events may also have accompanying depressive symptoms as part of PTSD.”
From Adolescent Suicide—Understanding Unique Risks and Opportunities for Trauma Centers to Recognize, Intervene, and Prevent a Leading Cause of Death (2022) · cites this paper as [56]
PTSD symptoms include persistent exaggerated negative beliefs about oneself, blaming oneself for the traumatic event, persistent negative emotional state, loss of interest in activities, and persistent inability to experience positive emotions.
“These include persistent exaggerated negative beliefs about oneself, blaming oneself for the traumatic event, persistent negative emotional state, loss of interest in activities, and persistent inability to experience positive emotions such as happiness, satisfaction, or loving feelings.”
From Adolescent Suicide—Understanding Unique Risks and Opportunities for Trauma Centers to Recognize, Intervene, and Prevent a Leading Cause of Death (2022) · cites this paper as [56]

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Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders
Katzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P., Kjernisted, K., Van Ameringen, M., & the Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada/Association Canadienne des troubles anxieux and McGill University (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-s1-s1 · Cited by 1,090 · see citing works
“mendations for the management of anxiety and related disorders in youths are beyond the scope of these guidelines and the reader is referred to specific guidelines for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders, such as those developed by the American Academy of Child and Adolescen…”
Background
Mental health and clinical psychological science in the time of COVID-19: Challenges, opportunities, and a call to action
Gruber, J., Prinstein, M. J., Clark, L. A., Rottenberg, J., Abramowitz, J. S., Albano, A. M., Aldao, A., Borelli, J. L., Chung, T., Davila, J., et al. (2021) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000707 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the UCLA PTSD reaction index: part I.
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International development and psychometric properties of the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS)
Sachser, C., Berliner, L., Holt, T., Jensen, T. K., Jungbluth, N. J., Risch, E. C., Rosner, R., & Goldbeck, L. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.040 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Traumatic Childhood Events and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Kerns, C. M., Newschaffer, C. J., & Berkowitz, S. J. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2392-y · Cited by 312 · see citing works
A guide to guidelines for the treatment of PTSD and related conditions
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Self-citation
A Systematic Review of School-Based Social-Emotional Interventions for Refugee and War-Traumatized Youth
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Psychometrics of the Child PTSD Symptom Scale for <i>DSM-5</i> for Trauma-Exposed Children and Adolescents
Foa, E. B., Asnaani, A., Zang, Y., Capaldi, S., & Yeh, R. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2017.1350962 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Interventions for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies
Morina, N., Koerssen, R., & Pollet, T. V. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.006 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Psychological therapies for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents
Gillies, D., Taylor, F., Gray, C., O'Brien, L., & D'Abrew, N. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006726.pub2 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Trauma in Early Childhood: A Neglected Population
Young, A. D., Kenardy, J. A., & Cobham, V. E. (2011) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0094-3 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Trauma in early childhood: Empirical evidence and clinical implications
Lieberman, A. F., Chu, A. T., Horn, P. V., & Harris, W. W. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000137 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
The Role of Trauma and Stressful Life Events among Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Review
Mayo, D., Corey, S., Kelly, L. H., Yohannes, S., Youngquist, A., Stuart, B. K., Niendam, T. A., & Loewy, R. L. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00055 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Factors Related to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescence
Nooner, K. B., Linares, L. O., Batinjane, J., Kramer, R. A., Silva, R., & Cloitre, M. (2012) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838012447698 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Research Review: Changes in the prevalence and symptom severity of child post‐traumatic stress disorder in the year following trauma – a meta‐analytic study
Hiller, R. M., Meiser‐Stedman, R., Fearon, P., Lobo, S., McKinnon, A., Fraser, A., & Halligan, S. L. (2016) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12566 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Building child trauma theory from longitudinal studies: A meta-analysis
Alisic, E., Jongmans, M. J., van Wesel, F., & Kleber, R. J. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.03.001 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Psychological therapies for the treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents (Review)
Gillies, D. M., Taylor, F., Gray, C., O’Brien, L., & D’Abrew, N. (2013) · Evidence-Based Child Health A Cochrane Review Journal · doi:10.1002/ebch.1916 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Psychological therapies for children and adolescents exposed to trauma
Gillies, D., Maiocchi, L., Bhandari, A. P., Taylor, F., Gray, C., & O'Brien, L. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012371 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The child and Adolescent Trauma Screen 2 (CATS-2) – validation of an instrument to measure DSM-5 and ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in children and adolescents
Sachser, C., Berliner, L., Risch, E. C., Rosner, R., Birkeland, M. S., Eilers, R., Hafstad, G. S., Pfeiffer, E., Plener, P. L., & Jensen, T. K. (2022) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2022.2105580 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children and families
Cohen, J. A., Deblinger, E., & Mannarino, A. P. (2018) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2016.1208375 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citation
Does pediatric post‐traumatic stress disorder alter the brain? Systematic review and meta‐analysis of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies
Milani, A. C. C., Hoffmann, E. V., Fossaluza, V., Jackowski, A. P., & Mello, M. F. (2016) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12473 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Practitioner Review: Posttraumatic stress disorder and its treatment in children and adolescents
Smith, P. A., Dalgleish, T., & Meiser‐Stedman, R. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12983 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Dorsey, S., Briggs, E., & Woods, B. A. (2011) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2011.01.006 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The Psychological Impact of Child Soldiering
Schauer, E., & Elbert, T. R. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5722-1_14 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder/PTSD in adolescent victims of sexual abuse: resilience and social support as protection factors
Hébert, M., Lavoie, F., & Blais, M. (2014) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1413-81232014193.15972013 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy, cognitive behavioral writing therapy, and wait‐list in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder following single‐incident trauma: a multicenter randomized clinical trial
de Roos, C., van der Oord, S., Zijlstra, B., Lucassen, S., Perrin, S., Emmelkamp, P., & de Jongh, A. (2017) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12768 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Following Pediatric Injury
Kassam‐Adams, N., Marsac, M. L., Hildenbrand, A. K., & Winston, F. K. (2013) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2741 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Effect of Developmentally Adapted Cognitive Processing Therapy for Youth With Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Childhood Sexual and Physical Abuse: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Rosner, R., Rimane, E., Frick, U., Gutermann, J., Hagl, M., Renneberg, B., Schreiber, F., Vogel, A., & Steil, R. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.4349 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Traumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Youth: Recent Research Findings on Clinical Impact, Assessment, and Treatment
Gerson, R. S., & Rappaport, N. (2012) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.06.018 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
What is it to discipline a child: What should it be? A reanalysis of time-out from the perspective of child mental health, attachment, and trauma.
Dadds, M. R., & Tully, L. A. (2019) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000449 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Teaching Recovery Techniques: evaluation of a group intervention for unaccompanied refugee minors with symptoms of PTSD in Sweden
Sarkadi, A., Ådahl, K., Stenvall, E., Ssegonja, R., Batti, H., Gavra, P., Fängström, K., & Salari, R. (2018) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-017-1093-9 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Adverse Childhood Experiences of Children Adopted from Care: The Importance of Adoptive Parental Warmth for Future Child Adjustment
Anthony, R., Paine, A. L., & Shelton, K. H. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16122212 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Characteristics and efficacy of early psychological interventions in children and adolescents after single trauma: a meta-analysis
Kramer, D. N., & Landolt, M. A. (2011) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v2i0.7858 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Children, Adolescents and Trauma
Shaw, J. A. (2000) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1023/a:1004630127000 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Addressing the impact of trauma before diagnosing mental illness in child welfare.
Griffin, G., McClelland, G. M., Holzberg, M., Stolbach, B. C., Maj, N., & Kisiel, C. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Please Tell! Barriers to Disclosing Sexual Victimization and Subsequent Social Support Perceived by Children and Adolescents
Münzer, A., Fegert, J. M., Ganser, H. G., Loos, S., Witt, A., & Goldbeck, L. (2014) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260514555371 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Changes in functional connectivity of the amygdala during cognitive reappraisal predict symptom reduction during trauma-focused cognitive–behavioral therapy among adolescent girls with post-traumatic stress disorder
Cisler, J. M., Sigel, B. A., Steele, J., Smitherman, S., Vanderzee, K. L., Pemberton, J. R., Kramer, T. L., & Kilts, C. D. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716001847 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Understanding and Responding to the Needs of Commercially Sexually Exploited Youth
Ijadi‐Maghsoodi, R., Cook, M. C., Barnert, E. S., Gaboian, S., & Bath, E. P. J. (2015) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2015.08.007 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Posterior structural brain volumes differ in maltreated youth with and without chronic posttraumatic stress disorder
De Bellis, M. D., Hooper, S. R., Chen, S. D., Provenzale, J. M., Boyd, B. D., Glessner, C. E., MacFall, J. R., Payne, M. E., Rybczynski, R., & Woolley, D. P. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000942 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Adolescent Victimization and Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors: A Genetically Sensitive Cohort Study
Baldwin, J. R., Arseneault, L., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Fisher, H. L., Odgers, C. L., Ambler, A., Houts, R. M., Matthews, T., Ougrin, D., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.903 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Using a Trauma-Informed Approach in Juvenile Justice Institutions
Griffin, G., Germain, E. J., & Wilkerson, R. G. (2012) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1080/19361521.2012.697100 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
PTSD, cyberbullying and peer violence: prevalence and correlates among adolescent emergency department patients
Ranney, M. L., Patena, J. V., Nugent, N. R., Spirito, A., Boyer, E. W., Zatzick, D., & Cunningham, R. M. (2015) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.12.002 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Psychological and Pharmacologic Treatment of Youth with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Keeshin, B. R., & Strawn, J. R. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2013.12.002 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Responding to Students with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Schools
Kataoka, S., Langley, A. K., Wong, M., Baweja, S., & Stein, B. D. (2012) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2011.08.009 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Research Methods in Child Disaster Studies: A Review of Studies Generated by the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks; the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami; and Hurricane Katrina
Pfefferbaum, B. J., Weems, C. F., Scott, B. G., Nitiéma, P., Noffsinger, M. A., Pfefferbaum, R. L., Varma, V., & Chakraburtty, A. (2013) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-013-9211-4 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Identification of trauma exposure and PTSD in adolescent psychiatric inpatients: An exploratory study
Havens, J. F., Gudiño, O. G., Biggs, E. A., Diamond, U. N., Weis, J. R., & Cloître, M. (2012) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21683 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Among Adolescents
Woidneck, M. R., Morrison, K. L., & Twohig, M. P. (2014) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445513510527 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Mannarino, A. P., Cohen, J. A., & Deblinger, E. (2013) · Child maltreatment · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7404-9_10 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prolonged exposure therapy and supportive counselling for post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents: Task-shifting randomised controlled trial
Rossouw, J., Yadin, E., Alexander, D., & Seedat, S. (2018) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.130 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Evidence-Based Treatments for Traumatized Children and Adolescents
Schneider, S. J., Grilli, S. F., & Schneider, J. R. (2012) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0332-5 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Giving a voice to traumatized youth—Experiences with Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Dittmann, I., & Jensen, T. K. (2013) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.11.008 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Exploring potential sources of childhood trauma: A qualitative study with autistic adults and caregivers
Kerns, C. M., Lankenau, S. E., Shattuck, P. T., Robins, D. L., Newschaffer, C. J., & Berkowitz, S. J. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211070637 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Adolescent Suicide—Understanding Unique Risks and Opportunities for Trauma Centers to Recognize, Intervene, and Prevent a Leading Cause of Death
Hink, A. B., Killings, X., Bhatt, A., Ridings, L. E., & Andrews, A. L. (2022) · Current Trauma Reports · doi:10.1007/s40719-022-00223-7 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Factors related to attrition from trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy
Wamser-Nanney, R., & Steinzor, C. E. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.031 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The Roadmap for Resilience: The California Surgeon General's Report on Adverse Childhood Experiences, Toxic Stress, and Health
Bhushan, D., Kotz, K. J., McCall, J., Wirtz, S., Gilgoff, R., Dube, S. R., Powers, C., Olson-Morgan, J., Galeste, M., Patterson, K., et al. (2020) · doi:10.48019/peam8812 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
A Meta-Analysis of Parenting Practices and Child Psychosocial Outcomes in Trauma-Informed Parenting Interventions after Violence Exposure
Johnson, S. L., Elam, K. K., Rogers, A. A., & Hilley, C. D. (2018) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-018-0943-0 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
ADHD and Exposure to Maltreatment in Children and Youth: a Systematic Review of the Past 10 Years
Craig, S. G., Bondi, B. C., O’Donnell, K. A., Pepler, D. J., & Weiss, M. D. (2020) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-020-01193-w · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Amygdala response predicts trajectory of symptom reduction during Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy among adolescent girls with PTSD
Cisler, J. M., Sigel, B. A., Kramer, T. L., Smitherman, S., Vanderzee, K. L., Pemberton, J. R., & Kilts, C. D. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.09.011 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Child Sexual Abuse among a Representative Sample of Quebec High School Students: Prevalence and Association with Mental Health Problems and Health-Risk Behaviors
Hébert, M., Amédée, L. M., Blais, M., & Gauthier-Duchesne, A. (2019) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743719861387 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Investigating treatment characteristics and first-session relationship variables as predictors of dropout in the treatment of traumatized youth
Ormhaug, S. M., & Jensen, T. K. (2016) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2016.1189617 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
Kodish, I., Rockhill, C., & Varley, C. (2011) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2011.13.4/ikodish · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Sleep problems in children and adolescents following traumatic life events
Giannakopoulos, G., & Kolaitis, G. A. (2021) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v11.i2.27 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence: an umbrella review
Schincariol, A., Orrù, G., Otgaar, H., Sartori, G., & Scarpazza, C. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291724002319 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Development of Stepped Care Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Young Children
Salloum, A., Scheeringa, M. S., Cohen, J. A., & Storch, E. A. (2013) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.07.004 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citation
Childhood Trauma and Psychosis
Dvir, Y., Denietolis, B., & Frazier, J. A. (2013) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2013.04.006 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Children Exposed to Maltreatment: Assessment and the Role of Psychotropic Medication
Keeshin, B. R., Forkey, H. C., Fouras, G. A., MacMillan, H. L., Flaherty, E. G., Sirotnak, A. P., Budzak, A. E., Gavril, A. R., Haney, S. B., Idzerda, S. M., et al. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-3751 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citation
Child maltreatment and onset of emergency department presentations for suicide-related behaviors
Rhodes, A. E., Boyle, M. H., Bethell, J., Wekerle, C., Goodman, D., Tonmyr, L., Leslie, B., Lam, K., & Manion, I. G. (2012) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.04.006 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
A stepped-care model of post-disaster child and adolescent mental health service provision
McDERMOTT, B. M., & Cobham, V. E. (2014) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v5.24294 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The Mediating Effect of School Engagement in the Relationship between Youth Maltreatment and Juvenile Delinquency
Bender, K. (2012) · Children & Schools · doi:10.1093/cs/cdr001 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Practice Parameter on Disaster Preparedness
Pfefferbaum, B. J., & Shaw, J. A. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.08.014 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Substance Abuse and Trauma
Simmons, S., & Suárez, L. (2016) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2016.05.006 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Immediate and Long-Term Mental Health Outcomes in Adolescent Female Rape Survivors
Oshodi, Y., Macharia, M., Lachman, A., & Seedat, S. (2016) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260516682522 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
EMDR therapy in children and adolescents who have post-traumatic stress disorder: a six-week follow-up study
Karadağ, M., Gökçen, C., & Sarp, A. S. (2019) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/13651501.2019.1682171 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Trauma Redefined in the DSM-5: Rationale and Implications for Counseling Practice
Jones, L. K., & Cureton, J. L. (2014) · The Professional Counselor · doi:10.15241/lkj.4.3.257 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Characteristics of attrition among children receiving trauma-focused treatment.
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Authors: Cohen, J. A.
Corresponding author: Cohen, Judith A.
ORCID: Cohen, Judith A.
Venue: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-04
Volume: 49
Issue: 4
Pages: 414-430
ISSN: 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2009.12.020
OpenAlex: W2163769855
Cited by: 520
References: 242
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 27
FWCI: 35.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor, 1202 d)
Locations: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, children and adolescents, trauma-focused psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, multimodal therapy, early detection, comorbidities
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Humans, Parents, Psychotherapy, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Practice Guidelines as Topic

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Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

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