CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 85Smoking Behavior and CessationSchool Health and Nursing EducationSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

The influence of school culture on smoking among pupils

Aveyard, Paul, Markham, Wolfgang A, Lancashire, Emma, Bullock, Alison, Macarthur, Christine, Cheng, K.K, Daniels, Harry·2004·Social Science & Medicine
DOI 10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00396-4
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

School factors and not solely pupil composition probably cause variation in smoking prevalence amongst schools, but there are no theoretical models to explain why. In this paper we propose a hypothesis to explain schools' influence on pupils' smoking and test this using an existing cross-sectional survey of 23,282 pupils from 166 secondary schools in the West Midlands, UK. We hypothesise that school-level educational achievement scores would not be associated with smoking prevalence, but schools providing value-added education given the social background of pupils (authoritative schools) would provide effective support and control, have a relatively strong influence on pupils' lives and be associated with lower than average smoking prevalence. Schools providing value-denuded education (laissez-faire schools) would have a relatively weak influence on pupils' lives and be associated with higher than average smoking prevalence. The school achievement measures were the proportion of pupils achieving 5A-C General Certificates of Secondary Education (5A-Cs) grades and the proportion of half days lost to truancy. Value-added/denuded terms were created by regressing 5A-Cs and truancy on five markers of the social profile of pupils at the school. Authoritative schools achieved better than expected rates on both measures. Laissez-faire schools achieved worse than expected rates on both measures. All other schools were classed as indeterminate. Multilevel logistic regression was used to relate the risk of regular smoking to school culture in both achievement and authoritative/laissez-faire terms, both with and without adjustment for pupil-level risk factors for smoking. As predicted, schools' achievement measures were unrelated to pupils' smoking. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for smoking in authoritative and laissez-faire schools relative to indeterminate schools were 0.80 (0.70-0.91) and 1.16 (1.07-1.27), respectively. Adjustment for pupil-level smoking risk factors had little effect. School culture is an independent risk factor for adolescent smoking. Schools providing effective support and control might protect pupils from smoking.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00396-4

Cites

49 of 49 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • It is not currently possible to accurately estimate how much of the change in higher-level variance is caused by real changes in variance and how much is caused by the constrained level 1 variance.

    “It is not currently possible to accurately estimate how much of the change is caused by real changes in variance and how much is caused by the constrained level 1 variance (Yang M, University of Nottingham, 2012, personal communication).”

    From Evaluating Long-term Outcomes of NHS Stop Smoking Services (ELONS): a prospective cohort study (2015) · cites this paper as [38]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Aveyard, P., Markham, W. A., Lancashire, E., Bullock, A., Macarthur, C., Cheng, K. K., & Daniels, H.
Affiliations
University of Birmingham (GB)
Corresponding author
Aveyard, Paul
ORCID
Venue
Social Science & Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-05
Volume
58
Issue
9
Pages
1767-1780
ISSN
0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00396-4
OpenAlex
W1974026425
Cited by
85
References
49
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
FWCI
1.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords
adolescent smoking, school culture, school climate, academic performance, truancy, smoking prevalence, high school students
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Child Behavior, Cross-Sectional Studies, England, Female, Humans, Male, Schools, Smoking, Social Environment, Social Values, Students, Organizational Culture, Prevalence, Logistic Models

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review