The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Universal banking and the performance of German firms
Open accessAbstract
HqAq LWIDIMOW $I3flM PGMGU LJLW bGqOLIIJSIJCG suq fIG Gdfl!?. OMUGl2pIb suq AOfU 2P.nCUILC O fiG UUJJ JG G2 COU2InGUt1 MG 2S14 p? fl2!LJ S wnfqwGu2ou9J 2GUJ!bSL9WGfLIC bLocGqrlLc O C21UJ9G fiG LGJ9iOU2p!bPC10M GCOIJOWIC fIGOLA 9? IIO AGI bLoboacq 9IJ?IJIUCfOU91 tOLUJ2 0L fIG p?bOflG2SGq LCj9I1O1J2plb2 MifJOfl !WbO21J cc \OC jUCf0U9J 2bGC!UCSt!0u2 fiJJUG MG qGAGob 201MG WOLG 2bGC!UC JJ?bOfJG2GSLGJStlOu2pibMJJGfIGL fIG P1 99?JlJ fiG LGISfOIJ2JJ1b GMGGU ULWS suq PSUJC2 MG COUCGUI19G 011 G2fU OL COIJU!C2-O-UUiI fGAGL9G suq fIG 9UJOf1U O JOSIIS fiG jjLIJJ LGCGVAG2 jLOW fIG psujc 0 OfIGL ssur (bLOXA Aoruy //G fLGS 92 GUOGU0(12 fIG GXGU O psuc LGbLG2GIUSfOU Oil fIG postq iO fI91 O IJLIJJ usqcL2) suq 92 9GIU2 MP!CJJ CSU SAG 2fl2SUf 91 boti.AIS fIG 4U O AOG fiG 2SLG2 iuuncuccS o psucz cdn)poqGL2 (JjcG OfJGL on12qG dn)poqcz2)b 92 p9uc2 (s LOJC bGLpsb2 2W19L 1JU1J2 th WGSSflLG bcuouusuCG p? LGUILIJ Oil Gdf1A sug LGWLU 011 922G12 MG 2GbSLSIGJ?tCO1JLOJ LOL fIG iP!2 swq MG 1UAG2f9G fIG GGC O P9U 1fl!t 0M1IGL2pb on ip bGl.ot.w9ucG 0 QGUIJSU (MJJGLG wiiA 2JJ9LGJJ0JGL2 SLG q2bGL2Gq suq !UfWf0U91 !UAG20L2 9LG bsss!Ac) MG np2Gdncuh1A ujAi P1 W!2 2GCiJOU PL!GUA q!C1I fiG LOIG Oj)UJC2 !IJ QGLWIJ COLbOLG IJ1JCC qnLu bcLoq2 I• 3LWUU BVUJ iuq COLboLtG E!IJUCG LGbLGGUIL!OU on cothoL poqv GCfOU jjjj coucjnqG fiG c1JGc12 o pujc on ULW bcr.ouJrnucG suq on qi iUGLG2 prrqcu on qpi 2GCfOU All uj?c pup PG qw 2GCfOU A OITiI!UG2 fIG GCOUOWGLIC wGfloqoJo2 2GCOU j.j bLccu fiG LG2flJI2 couccunu 2G!0U [JJ MG UJG fJG JJThOqJG2G2 O pG fG2fGq 2GCIIOU IA IULOqflCG2 fiG ALJG2 O pG 9IJASGq uq fIG bbGL bLOCGGq jOJOM2 111 GCfOU II MG qi2cn2 fIG LOJG O p9U U (]GUJrnUA iu 2G9j2 2CCiOU MG 2JC MGfIGL Gdn OMusI2pIb uq bLocX Aoiu wo (nbGwoQ) poq oj qLGcoL PG P!PGL GCOUJ puc2 IJJA CXGI4 COIULOI OAGL qcc2on2 pA OP1IJ!IJ potq ILW JUGLG2 pnLqu ponjq pG JOMGL BC 'L.p911JC2 LG GXGL4!IJ wouobojA b0MGL OACL ijLUJ2 i ponjq 1GL LJLI.IF !UiGLG2t ITLGU On fP R PUJC2 2nP2!W PL C9b!1 WL1C q2Cbpuc fJGU bcLpb fG IIJAGIG MJJGfJGL JUJqIJ LGJfoU2JI!b (rG fiG GIGC o puc sdrqA oMuG12J!b vq bLoxA Aofu) JUUJTGUCG 1JU132 }L2I 92 b9L O OfIL U9I 2!2 O JUIJbGI4pUJJSIICG 92 9 TUCjOU O p9uJc !UGL9COU MG MO CJJØIJUGJ2 pA MJi!C 9UJC2 fl2W fJGIL b0MGL cdrriApoJqGL2 uq bopjA bLOXA AOGL2 conjq E!IJ9H MG 9IJ9AG boipjc C91JUGJ2 OL 9UJC2 O !UUJIGUCG LUJ2 bGqownuc; fiG UAG29G in fIG LGj9!OU2JJ!b PGWU P91JJC2 9Uq JLW2 OAGL qI!2 bcLoq pGMGGIJ 9IJJC2 auq UJJ2 pA Gx9IIJ!JJU CL022 2GC!OU2 Oj JLW2 U 9Uq 9uq 1C2fU jOL C9UG2 PGC9WG IJJOLG COIJJbGW!AG JJG 9LG22 fIG i22flG O MJJGfJGL flG2G C1J91JG2 9jGLG fiG LGI9iOU2Jiib IUM2 LGI!9IJCG on pujc J09112 GCLGS2G qiq pujc Gdn!1A OMUGL2PIb JCG2 IJ JW2 VI° P9iI1C!U O G !U fIG bLocn O CJJ9IJG bo22!pJA 9JIG4U OM JLW2 uq 9UJC2 !UGL9C DnL!U fiG G9L!A V 2GCOU b022!PIG qujcnJA COUCGLU2 fIG 9CI ff191 OGUJJ9IJ p1iCiU 913q COLbOL9IG JU91JCG 9bbG9La O fIG LGJ9ffOU2PIb UL1GL 2IUICUILG !IJIGU Wbo2Gq O qqq OU 9 b9IwGL!cbGc!Uc91!ow 2GW!b9L9WGIL!C 2bGC!1jC91!0U2 99!U21 A940fl2 b9LSIJJGIL!C 2bGC
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x · Cited by 71,491
A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity
White, H. (1980) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1912934 · Cited by 25,861
Robust Locally Weighted Regression and Smoothing Scatterplots
Cleveland, W. S. (1979) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1979.10481038 · Cited by 11,594
Corporate Ownership Around the World
La Porta, R., Lopez‐De‐Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (1999) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/0022-1082.00115 · Cited by 10,541
Large Shareholders and Corporate Control
Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1986) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261385 · Cited by 8,408
Management ownership and market valuation
Morck, R., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1988) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(88)90048-7 · Cited by 6,895
The Structure of Corporate Ownership: Causes and Consequences
Demsetz, H., & Lehn, K. (1985) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261354 · Cited by 6,236
Locally Weighted Regression: An Approach to Regression Analysis by Local Fitting
Cleveland, W. S., & Devlin, S. J. (1988) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1988.10478639 · Cited by 5,742
Additional evidence on equity ownership and corporate value
McConnell, J. J., & Servaes, H. (1990) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(90)90069-c · Cited by 4,309
Takeover Bids, The Free-Rider Problem, and the Theory of the Corporation
Grossman, S. J., & Hart, O. D. (1980) · The Bell Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/3003400 · Cited by 3,098
Research works printed but not linked: 14
- Banzhaf, 1965, Weighted voting doesn't work, Rutgers Law Review, 19, 317
- Banzhaf, 1968, One man, 3.312 votes, Villanova Law Review, 13, 304
- Barclay, 1991, Negotiated block trades and corporate control, Journal of Finance, 46, 861, 10.2307/2328546 · doi:10.2307/2328546
- Cleveland, 1988, Locally weighted regression, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 83, 596, 10.2307/2289282 · DOI
- Emmons, 1998, Universal banking, control rights, and corporate finance in Germany, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, 80, 19
- Gottschalk, 1988, Der Stimmrechtseinfluß der Banken in den Aktionärsversammlungen der Großunternehmen, WSI-Mitteilungen, 41, 294
- Halvorsen, 1980, The interpretation of dummy variables in semi-logarithmic equations, American Economic Review, 70, 474
- Herrhausen, 1987, Kontroverse über die Macht der Banken, Verbraucherpolitische Hefte, 1987, 99
- Krümmel, 1980, German universal banking scrutinized, Journal of Banking and Finance, 4, 33, 10.1016/0378-4266(80)90033-3 · doi:10.1016/0378-4266(80)90033-3
- Leech, 1988, The relationship between shareholding concentration and shareholding voting power in British companies, Management Science, 34, 509, 10.1287/mnsc.34.4.509 · doi:10.1287/mnsc.34.4.509
- Leech, 1991, Ownership structure, control type classifications and the performance of large British companies, Economic Journal, 101, 1418, 10.2307/2234893 · doi:10.2307/2234893
- Ordelheide, D., Pfaff, D., 1994. Germany, European Financial Reporting Series Routledge, New York and London.
- Wenger, E., Kaserer, C., 1998. The German system of corporate governance – a model that should not be imitated. In: Black, S.W., Moersch, M. (Eds.), Competition and Convergence in Financial Markets. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 41-78.
- Wiedemann, 1980, Codetermination by workers in German enterprises, The American Journal of Comparative Law, 28, 79, 10.2307/839736 · doi:10.2307/839736
Cited by
La Porta, R., Lopez‐de‐Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1998) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/250042 · Cited by 18,025
A Survey of Corporate Governance
Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04820.x · Cited by 16,243
Investor protection and corporate governance
La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. (2000) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/s0304-405x(00)00065-9 · Cited by 6,848
Accounting Quality and Firm-Level Capital Investment
Biddle, G. C., & Hilary, G. (2006) · The Accounting Review · doi:10.2308/accr.2006.81.5.963 · Cited by 1,113
Ownership structure and corporate governance in Chinese stock companies
Xu, X., & Wang, Y. (1999) · China Economic Review · doi:10.1016/s1043-951x(99)00006-1 · Cited by 787
Metadata
- Authors
- Gorton, G., & Schmid, F. A.
- Venue
- Journal of Financial Economics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 29-80
- ISSN
- 0304-405X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2072817834
- Cited by
- 678
- References
- 45
- FWCI
- 40.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Universal banking and the performance of German firms. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0304-405x(00)00066-0
- The paper
- Gorton, G., & Schmid, F. A. (2000). Universal banking and the performance of German firms. Journal of Financial Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-405x(00)00066-0
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.