Effective ingredients of school-based drug prevention programs
Abstract
Drug prevention in schools is a top priority in most Western countries and several well-designed studies have shown that prevention programs have the potential of reducing drug use in adolescents. However, most prevention programs are not effective and there are no general criteria available for deciding which program is effective and which is not. In this systematic review of the literature, the current scientific knowledge about which characteristics determine the effectiveness of drug prevention programs is examined. Three types of studies are reviewed: meta-analyses (3 studies were included), studies examining mediating variables of interventions (6 studies), and studies directly comparing prevention programs with or without specific characteristics (4 studies on boosters, 12 on peer-versus adult-led programs, and 5 on adding community interventions to school programs). Seven evidence-based quality criteria were formulated: the effects of a program should have been proven; interactive delivery methods are superior; the "social influence model" is the best we have; focus on norms, commitment not to use, and intentions not to use; adding community interventions increases effects; the use of peer leaders is better; and adding life skills to programs may strengthen effects.
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It is generally assumed that the most effective method to prevent substance use in early adolescence is the social influence approach.
“It is generally assumed that the most effective method to prevent substance use in this stage is the social influence approach”
From School-based programmes to reduce and prevent substance use in different age groups: What works for whom? Systematic review and meta-regression analysis (2016) · cites this paper as Cuijpers, 2002
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- Authors
- Cuijpers, P.
- Affiliations
- Trimbos Institute (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Cuijpers, Pim
- ORCID
- Cuijpers, Pim
- Venue
- Addictive Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-11
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1009-1023
- ISSN
- 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2138074791
- Cited by
- 466
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 6.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Social Sciences › Demography › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
- Keywords
- school-based drug prevention, adolescent drug use, prevention program effectiveness, program characteristics, booster sessions, peer-led intervention, community-based intervention, social influence model, life skills, mediators
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Humans, Peer Group, Preventive Health Services, Quality of Health Care, School Health Services, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Evidence-Based Medicine, Substance-Related Disorders
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