The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Liquid hydrogen: Potential, problems, and a proposed research program
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Despite the effectiveness of multi-layer insulation systems, previous reports suggest that the addition of a vapor-cooled shield (VCS) will further reduce boil-off losses [34,44].”
From Strategies to recover and minimize boil-off losses during liquid hydrogen storage (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Magnetic refrigerators are considered suitable for this task because of their high efficiency, reliability, and relatively low cost [34,44].”
From Strategies to recover and minimize boil-off losses during liquid hydrogen storage (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Therefore, the BOH must be vented to maintain the pressure of the tank, otherwise, the warmer stratified column of LH2 can potentially cause cavitation and damage the LH2 pump [44,64].”
From Strategies to recover and minimize boil-off losses during liquid hydrogen storage (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Therefore, the warmer LH2 rises to the surface, causing the temperature of the upper layers to be higher than that of the bulk liquid [44].”
From Strategies to recover and minimize boil-off losses during liquid hydrogen storage (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“LH2 transport at lower pressures (near atmospheric) is a way to mitigate boil-off formation due to flashing, though at the expense of storing a smaller volume of LH2 [44,65].”
From Strategies to recover and minimize boil-off losses during liquid hydrogen storage (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, transport of LH2 from high-pressure (between 0.24 and 0.27 MPa) to low-pressure Dewars (0.12 MPa) is another issue that can generate BOH [44].”
From Strategies to recover and minimize boil-off losses during liquid hydrogen storage (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“This substantial reduction in heat loss is determined by the heat exchange between the low-temperature BOH and the incoming ambient heat ( qroom in Figure 4c), allowing for efficient use of the low-temperature sensible heat of the BOH prior to its reliquefaction or venting, as shown in Figure 4c [34,44,63].”
From Strategies to recover and minimize boil-off losses during liquid hydrogen storage (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“The reason is the quick vaporization, known as the flashing phenomenon, occurring over the transfer of LH2 from a tank to another with a difference of pressure.”
From Strategies to recover and minimize boil-off losses during liquid hydrogen storage (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“A possible solution to sloshing is the addition of cross baffles inside the tank to mitigate the impact forces during acceleration and prevent LH2 movement [34,44].”
From Strategies to recover and minimize boil-off losses during liquid hydrogen storage (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“LH2 tanks are generally of three types: i) double-jacketed tanks with liquid nitrogen on the outer jacket, ii) super-insulated tanks with reflective powder or multi-layer insulation (MLI), and iii) vapor-cooled shielded (VCS) tanks employing super-insulation [34,44] as graphically described in Figure 4.”
From Strategies to recover and minimize boil-off losses during liquid hydrogen storage (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Another way to overcome thermal stratification within the tank is to use a magnetic-type refrigerator to extract heat from the tank and maintain the LH2 in subcooled or saturated conditions.”
From Strategies to recover and minimize boil-off losses during liquid hydrogen storage (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“According to Sherif et al. [34,44], BOH may be generated for the following reasons, detailed below:”
From Strategies to recover and minimize boil-off losses during liquid hydrogen storage (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“However, enabling BOG management on such scales represents a significant technical challenge that is yet to be resolved [24][25][26].”
From Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“The ortho- to para-H2 conversion is exothermic and temperature associated. As a result, when storing liquid H2, some of the H2 is wasted, which is called boil-off gas.158,159”
From Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review (2023) · cites this paper as [159]
In the citing paper
“Therefore, as long as there is no favorable demand for liquid H2 in a region, it will be difficult to invest in this sector.159,364”
From Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review (2023) · cites this paper as [159]
Citations
Cites
Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry
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Entropy generation through heat and fluid flow
Bejan, A. (1982) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 1,371
Selected properties of hydrogen (engineering design data)
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Winter, C., & Nitsch, J. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61561-0 · Cited by 206
Materials for magnetic refrigeration between 2 K and 20 K
Barclay, J., & Steyert, W. A. (1982) · Cryogenics · doi:10.1016/0011-2275(82)90098-4 · Cited by 179
A study of the efficiency of hydrogen liquefaction
Baker, C. (1978) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/0360-3199(78)90037-x · Cited by 138
The theory of an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator
Barclay, J. (1982) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · Cited by 61
The prospects for liquid hydrogen fueled aircraft
Brewer, G. D. (1982) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/0360-3199(82)90205-1 · Cited by 54
Thermodynamic optimization of mechanical supports for cryogenic apparatus
Bejan, A., & Smith, J. L. (1974) · Cryogenics · doi:10.1016/0011-2275(74)90181-7 · Cited by 54
A Solar—Hydrogen Energy System
Justi, E. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1781-4 · Cited by 51
Use of a ferrofluid as the heat-exchange fluid in a magnetic refrigerator
Barclay, J. (1982) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.331069 · Cited by 45
An optimization study of liquid hydrogen boil-off losses
GURSU, S., LORDGOOEI, M., SHERIF, S., & VEZIROGLU, T. (1992) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/0360-3199(92)90131-f · Cited by 41
Self-citationSelection of regenerator geometry for magnetic refrigerator applications
Barclay, J., & Sarangi, S. (1984) · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · Cited by 27
Boil-off in long-term stored liquid hydrogen
KALANIDHI, A. (1988) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/0360-3199(88)90055-9 · Cited by 19
Discrete cooling of low heat leak supports to 4.2 K
Bejan, A. (1975) · Cryogenics · doi:10.1016/0011-2275(75)90121-6 · Cited by 19
Experimental Results on a Low-Temperature Magnetic Refrigerator
Barclay, J., Stewart, W. F., Overton, W. C., Candler, R. J., & Harkleroad, O. D. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_84 · Cited by 15
Effect of parasitic refrigeration on the efficiency of magnetic liquefiers
Barclay, J., & Stewart, W. F. (1982) · doi:10.2172/5224090 · Cited by 7
(1987) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1781-4_11 · Cited by 6
Magnetic refrigeration for low-temperature applications
Barclay, J. (1985) · NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) · Cited by 4
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hydrogen storage methods: Review and current status
Usman, M. R. (2022) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112743 · Cited by 1,292
Liquid hydrogen, methylcyclohexane, and ammonia as potential hydrogen storage: Comparison review
Wijayanta, A. T., Oda, T., Purnomo, C. W., Kashiwagi, T., & Aziz, M. (2019) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.04.112 · Cited by 595
Al Ghafri, S. Z., Munro, S., Cardella, U., Funke, T., Notardonato, W., Trusler, J. P. M., Leachman, J., Span, R., Kamiya, S., Pearce, G., et al. (2022) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d2ee00099g · Cited by 561
(2018) · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.12.033 · Cited by 429
(2021) · doi:10.1039/d0ee01545h · Cited by 409
Metadata
- Authors
- SHERIF, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- SHERIF, S
- ORCID
- SHERIF, S
- Venue
- International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-07
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 683-688
- ISSN
- 0360-3199 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2009080181
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Hydrogen Storage and Materials
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Energy Engineering and Power Technology › Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
- Keywords
- liquid hydrogen, hydrogen storage, hydrogen liquefaction, ortho-para conversion, thermal stratification, self-pressurization, heat leakage, sloshing, flashing, energy density, large-scale hydrogen production, metal hydrides
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