The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Working memory
Abstract
It is suggested that working memory comprises a system for the temporary storage and manipulation of information, forming an important link between perception and controlled action. Evidence is presented for a three-component model, comprising an attentional control system, the central executive, and two subsidiary slave systems. One of these the, the visuo-spatial sketch pad holds and manipulates spatial information, while the other, the phonological loop performs a similar function for auditory and speech-based information. Evidence is presented for the view that the phonological loop has evolved as a mechanism to facilitate the acquisition of language.
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“Theoretical frameworks for working memory call on the interplay of distinct components (12) and their integration in broader cognitive circuits (1).”
From Dynamic reconfiguration of frontal brain networks during executive cognition in humans (2015) · cites this paper as [12]
Citations
Cites
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Self-citationLevels of processing: A framework for memory research
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A capacity theory of comprehension: individual differences in working memory
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Short-term retention of individual verbal items.
Peterson, L., & Peterson, M. J. (1959) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0049234 · Cited by 2,939
Exploring the Central Executive
Baddeley, A. (1996) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/713755608 · Cited by 2,390
Self-citationIs working memory capacity task dependent?
Turner, M. L., & Engle, R. W. (1989) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/0749-596x(89)90040-5 · Cited by 2,299
Reasoning ability is (little more than) working-memory capacity?!
Kyllonen, P. C., & Christal, R. E. (1990) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(05)80012-1 · Cited by 1,810
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Items 101–125 of 125
Dual anticipation timing mechanisms in synchronous tapping
Miyake, Y., Onishi, Y., & Pöppel, E. (2005) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/icsmc.2002.1173479
Subjective Timing Control in Synchronized Motion of Humans
Nojima, M., Shimo, H., & Miyake, Y. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00644-9_12
Modeling Structure and Dynamics of Selective Attention
Schrobsdorff, H., Mittner, M., & Herrmann, J. M. (2012) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-34274-5_50
Exploring the cognitive basis of music that gets stuck in the head
Killingly, C. (2020) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.203910
Unraveling the Cognitive-Motor Interaction in Individuals With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Gaillardin, F., Bier, J., Breucker, S. D., & Baudry, S. (2021) · Neurology Report · doi:10.1097/npt.0000000000000386
(2009) · Presses universitaires de Rennes eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.pur.60566
Functional MRI Studies of Memory in Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease
Risacher, S. L., Wishart, H. A., & Saykin, A. J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1995-6_10
Working memory components modulation of attentional disengagement from evaluative distractor
Yan, M., Tian, Y., Hai, M., Zhang, B., & Chen, A. (2024) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.748
Valley, J. P., & Joseph, S. (2024) · Creative Education · doi:10.4236/ce.2024.157089
León-Correa, E., Ruhnau, P., Balani, A. B., Qureshi, A., Tse, D., & Makris, S. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.19.639019
Ji, C., Sun, J., & Lian-zhong, C. (2025) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-025-02157-6
León-Correa, E., Ruhnau, P., Balani, A. B., Qureshi, A., Tse, D., & Makris, S. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.26.690640
Noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation for the study of memory
Izhak, S. B., & Lavidor, M. (2025) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-26602-7.00018-x
Teng, M. F., Shen, X., & Xing, W. (2025) · IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching · doi:10.1515/iral-2025-0114 · Cited by 1
León-Correa, E., Balani, A. B., Qureshi, A., Tse, D., & Makris, S. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.01.15.699654
Zhang, R., Sun, H., Di, Y., Cao, H., Zhang, C., Yao, H., Yan, H., Ding, D., He, Q., & Wu, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1727576
Transient-RAG: Ephemeral Graph Topology for Dynamic Reasoning
Wu, L., Yang, H. Q., Lin, S., & Keung, J. (2026) · International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD) · doi:10.1109/cscwd68734.2026.11582182
Singh, S. L. R. R., & Chakrabarty, S. (2026) · Studies in Rhythm Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-19974-4_10
High-altitude hypoxia alters the developmental trajectory of working memory in Tibetan children
Yang, X., Fu, C., Zhao, Y., Di, W., & Zheng, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1843212
Reyes, S., Hedger, S. C. V., Kalra, P. B., & Batterink, L. J. (2026) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-026-01920-3
Metadata
- Authors
- Baddeley, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Baddeley, Alan
- ORCID
- Baddeley, Alan
- Venue
- Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-02
- Volume
- 321
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 167-173
- ISSN
- 0764-4469 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4241796656
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 0.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Comptes Rendus de l Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- working memory, three-component model, central executive, visuospatial sketchpad, phonological loop, attentional control, language acquisition, language evolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Space Perception, Visual Perception
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