The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
What is beautiful is usable
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to test the relationships between users ' perceptions of a computer-ized system's beauty and usability. The experiment used a computerized application as a surrogate for an Automated Teller Machine (ATM). Perceptions were elicited before and after the participants used the system. Pre-experimental measures indicate strong correlations between system's perceived aesthetics and perceived usability. Post-experimental measures indicated that the strong correlation remained intact. A multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that the degree of system's aesthetics affected the post-use perceptions of both aesthetics and usability, whereas the degree of actual usability had no such effect. The results resemble those found by social psychologists regarding the effect of physical attractiveness on the valuation of other personality attributes. The ®ndings stress the importance of studying the aesthetic aspect of human±computer interaction (HCI) design
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Aesthetics can have a substantial impact on user acceptance and usability [22].”
From The Behavioral Intervention Technology Model: An Integrated Conceptual and Technological Framework for eHealth and mHealth Interventions (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
Citations
Cites
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,882
Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences
Stevens, J. P. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203843130 · Cited by 10,652
(1993) · Cited by 9,879
Attitudinal Effects of Mere Exposure
Zajonc, R. B. (1968) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025848 · Cited by 6,745
The visual display of quantitative information
(1985) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(85)90230-7 · Cited by 5,090
Carayannis, E. G. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_100431 · Cited by 4,819
Computer graphics: principles and practice
(2013) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.51-2713 · Cited by 4,661
Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033731 · Cited by 3,865
The Psychology of Everyday Things
Massaro, D. W., & Norman, D. A. (1990) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1423268 · Cited by 3,484
Overall job satisfaction: How good are single-item measures?
Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., & Hudy, M. J. (1997) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.247 · Cited by 3,479
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Martineau, 1958, The personality of the retail store, Harvard Business Review, 36, 47
- Donovan, 1982, Store atmosphere: an experimental psychology approach, Journal of Retailing, 58, 34
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 1,000
A method and advisor tool for multimedia user interface design
Sutcliffe, A., Kurniawan, S., & Shin, J. (2005) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2005.08.016 · Cited by 55
Trust Change in Information Technology Products
McKnight, D. H., Liu, P., & Pentland, B. T. (2020) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.2020.1831772 · Cited by 64
Qiu, T., Li, H., Chen, Y., Zeng, H., & Qian, S. (2024) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-024-01043-7 · Cited by 54
The Effect of Positive Emotions on Multimedia Learning
Um, E. R., Song, H. S., & Plass, J. L. (2007) · Cited by 54
David, A., & Glore, P. R. (2010) · Online journal of distance learning administration · Cited by 54
A Framework for Evaluating Dashboards in Healthcare
Zhuang, M., Concannon, D., & Manley, E. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2022.3147154 · Cited by 59
Aesthetics and e-assessment: the interplay of emotional design and learner performance
Miller, C. (2011) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2011.610291 · Cited by 61
Thielsch, M. T., & Hirschfeld, G. H. F. (2012) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2012.665496 · Cited by 53
Eytam, E., Tractinsky, N., & Lowengart, O. (2017) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.04.001 · Cited by 53
Self-citationNan, D., Lee, H., Kim, Y., & Kim, J. H. (2021) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121451 · Cited by 57
A study on the effects of routing symbol design on process model comprehension
Figl, K., Recker, J., & Mendling, J. (2012) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/j.dss.2012.10.037 · Cited by 54
Montero, Y. H., Fernández, R. L., & Santamaría, S. O. (2009) · E-LIS Repository (University of Naples Federico II) · Cited by 52
Measuring effectiveness of HCI integration in software development processes
Joshi, A. N., Sarda, N. L., & Tripathi, S. (2010) · Journal of Systems and Software · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2010.03.078 · Cited by 52
Hamborg, K., Hülsmann, J., & Kaspar, K. (2014) · Advances in Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1155/2014/946239 · Cited by 52
Attractive phones don't have to work better
Quinn, J. M., & Tran, T. Q. (2010) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1753326.1753380 · Cited by 52
Convergence adoption model (CAM) in the context of a smart car service
Yoon, S.-B., & Cho, E. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.082 · Cited by 56
Is it a tool or a toy? How user’s conception of a system’s purpose affects their experience and use
Köse, D. B., Morschheuser, B., & Hamari, J. (2019) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.07.016 · Cited by 53
Interactive engagement with embodied agents: an empirically validated framework
Vugt, H. C. V., Hoorn, J. F., & Konijn, E. A. (2009) · Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds · doi:10.1002/cav.312 · Cited by 56
Wei, J., Seedorf, S., Lowry, P. B., Thum, C., & Schulze, T. (2017) · Electronic Commerce Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2017.07.002 · Cited by 54
Hsu, C., Chen, Y.-C., Yang, T.-N., Lin, W.-K., & Liu, Y.-H. (2018) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-07-2017-0206 · Cited by 57
Sonderegger, A., & Sauer, J. (2009) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140130903067797 · Cited by 51
Measuring the Quality of Service and Quality of Experience of multimodal human–machine interaction
Wechsung, I., Engelbrecht, K.-P., Kühnel, C., Möller, S., & Weiß, B. (2012) · Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces · doi:10.1007/s12193-011-0088-y · Cited by 50
Lai, C., Chen, P.-H., Shih, S.-W., Liu, Y., & Hong, J. (2009) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.08.008 · Cited by 50
The kinetic quality of store design: An Exploration of its influence on shopping experience
Bonnin, G., & Goudey, A. (2012) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2012.08.006 · Cited by 50
User experience: challenges and opportunities
Allam, A. H., Hussin, A. R. C., & Dahlan, H. M. (2013) · Cited by 50
Attractiveness and affordance shape tools neural coding: Insight from ERPs
Righi, S., Orlando, V., & Marzi, T. (2014) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.01.003 · Cited by 52
Kivijärvi, H., & Pärnänen, K. (2021) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2021.2016236 · Cited by 64
Altaboli, A., & Lin, Y. (2011) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21602-2_4 · Cited by 49
Diefenbach, S., & Hassenzahl, M. (2009) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1518701.1518916 · Cited by 49
Creating design guidelines for building city dashboards from a user's perspectives
Young, G. W., & Kitchin, R. (2020) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102429 · Cited by 66
A model of online impulse buying: an empirical study
Valacich, J. S., & Parboteeah, D. V. (2005) · Cited by 48
Users' intrinsic and extrinsic drivers to use a web-based educational environment
Sánchez‐Franco, M. J., Peral, B. P., & Ramos, Á. F. V. (2014) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.02.001 · Cited by 53
Analyzing the Role of Interactivity in User Experience
Sutcliffe, A., & Hart, J. (2016) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2016.1239797 · Cited by 48
Wu, S.-T., Chiu, C.-H., & Chen, Y.-S. (2020) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2020.1752754 · Cited by 44
The influence of line spacing and text alignment on visual search of web pages
Ling, J., & van Schaik, P. (2007) · Displays · doi:10.1016/j.displa.2007.04.003 · Cited by 48
Liu, Y.-L. E., & Huang, Y.-M. (2025) · International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2311975 · Cited by 47
Huisman, G., van Hout, M., van Dijk, E. M. A. G., van der Geest, T., & Heylen, D. (2013) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2470654.2470706 · Cited by 48
Gonzalez, I., & Camo, P. M. (2015) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2015.09.002 · Cited by 48
The effects of interaction sequencing on user experience and preference
Cockburn, A., Quinn, P., & Gutwin, C. (2017) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.07.005 · Cited by 51
Assessing the Visual Esthetics of User Interfaces: A Ten-Year Systematic Mapping
Lima, A. L. D. S., & von Wangenheim, C. G. (2021) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2021.1926118 · Cited by 47
From doing to being: bringing emotion into interaction
Cockton, G. (2002) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/s0953-5438(02)00002-4 · Cited by 47
An empirical evaluation of Chernoff faces, star glyphs, and spatial visualizations for binary data
Lee, M. D., Reilly, R. E., & Butavicius, M. E. (2003) · Cited by 46
Elegant Object-Oriented Software Design via Interactive, Evolutionary Computation
Simons, C. L., & Parmee, I. C. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C (Applications and Reviews) · doi:10.1109/tsmcc.2012.2225103 · Cited by 46
When the going gets tough the beautiful get going: aesthetic appeal facilitates task performance
Reppa, I., & McDougall, S. J. P. (2015) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-014-0794-z · Cited by 46
Exploring the Attractive Factors of App Icons
Ho, C.-H., & Hou, K.-C. (2015) · KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems · doi:10.3837/tiis.2015.06.016 · Cited by 46
Kaspar, K., Gameiro, R. R., & König, P. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.020 · Cited by 51
Liu, Z., Yang, J. K., & Ling, L. (2020) · International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction · doi:10.4018/ijmhci.2020040104 · Cited by 46
McDougall, S. J. P., & Reppa, I. (2008) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/154193120805201822 · Cited by 46
Embodied agents from a user's perspective
Vugt, H. C. V., Vu, & Wetenschappen, F. D. S. (2008) · Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) · Cited by 46
Wozney, L., Baxter, P., & Newton, A. S. (2015) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0534-1 · Cited by 38
Effects of a Robot's Aesthetic Design on the attribution of social capabilities
Hegel, F. (2012) · IEEE RO-MAN · doi:10.1109/roman.2012.6343796 · Cited by 44
Naïve Realism: Folk Fallacies in the Design and Use of Visual Displays
Smallman, H. S., & Cook, M. B. (2010) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/j.1756-8765.2010.01114.x · Cited by 45
Shangguan, C., Wang, Z., Gong, S., Guo, Y., & Xu, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03065 · Cited by 60
Baumgartner, J., Ruettgers, N., Hasler, A., Sonderegger, A., & Sauer, J. (2020) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102575 · Cited by 45
Luo, Y., Tang, L. R., & Kim, E. (2021) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102801 · Cited by 45
Users' perceptions of usability and aesthetics as criteria of pre- and post-use preferences
Lee, S., & Koubek, R. J. (2012) · European J of Industrial Engineering · doi:10.1504/ejie.2012.044812 · Cited by 44
Hoong, A. L. S., Thi, L. S., & Lin, M. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.70351 · Cited by 44
Luna‐Nevarez, C., & McGovern, E. (2021) · Journal of Internet Commerce · doi:10.1080/15332861.2021.1875766 · Cited by 44
Liew, T. W., Pang, W. M., Leow, M. C., & Tan, S.-M. (2022) · Smart Learning Environments · doi:10.1186/s40561-022-00187-w · Cited by 51
Aesthetic responses todesign: a battle of impulses
Hekkert, P. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139207058.015 · Cited by 48
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
Guntsadze, M. (2020) · PEOPLE International Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.20319/pijss.2019.53.814821 · Cited by 43
A Few Notes on the Study of Beauty in HCI
Tractinsky, N. (2004) · Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1207/s15327051hci1904_3 · Cited by 43
Self-citationPeng, X., Xu, Q., Chen, Y., Zhou, C., Ge, Y., & Li, N. (2021) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-021-00274-x · Cited by 57
Psychometric Properties of the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ)
Schankin, A., Budde, M., Riedel, T., & Beigl, M. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3502098 · Cited by 42
Liew, T. W., Tan, S.-M., Pang, W. M., Khan, M. T. I., & Kew, S. N. (2022) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-022-11255-6 · Cited by 45
Changing perspectives on evaluation in HCI
MacDonald, C. M., & Atwood, M. E. (2013) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/2468356.2468714 · Cited by 42
Aesthetic perception and its minimal content: a naturalistic perspective
Xenakis, I., & Arnellos, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01038 · Cited by 49
Designing the Behavior of Interactive Objects
Spadafora, M., Chahuneau, V., Martelaro, N., Sirkin, D. M., & Ju, W. G. (2016) · International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (TEI) · doi:10.1145/2839462.2839502 · Cited by 42
Intelligent Agent Transparency
Stowers, K. L., Kasdaglis, N., Newton, O. B., Lakhmani, S. G., Wohleber, R. W., & Chen, J. Z.-J. (2016) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931213601392 · Cited by 42
Gamifying a Simulation: Do a Game Goal, Choice, Points, and Praise Enhance Learning?
Brom, C., Stárková, T., Bromová, E., & Děchtěrenko, F. (2018) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/0735633118797330 · Cited by 42
Is it all about the Apps or the Device?: User experience and technology acceptance among iPad users
Hart, J., & Sutcliffe, A. (2019) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.05.002 · Cited by 46
Christophersen, T., & Konradt, U. (2010) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2010.529165 · Cited by 42
Thömmes, K., & Hübner, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01050 · Cited by 47
Golovchinsky, G., Diriye, A., & Dunnigan, T. (2012) · Information Interaction in Context Symposium (IIiX) · doi:10.1145/2362724.2362738 · Cited by 41
Improving Children's Cultural Heritage Experience Using Game-based Learning at a Living Museum
Othman, M. K., Aman, S., Anuar, N. N., & Ahmad, I. (2021) · Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage · doi:10.1145/3453073 · Cited by 45
Fleck, S., Baraudon, C., Frey, J., Lainé, T., & Hachet, M. (2018) · ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC) · doi:10.1145/3202185.3202731 · Cited by 44
Kim, K. J. (2017) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/jcc4.12186 · Cited by 40
Emotional Experiences and Quality Perceptions of Interactive Products
Mahlke, S., & Lindgaard, G. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73105-4_19 · Cited by 40
Aesthetic and Symbolic Qualities as Antecedents of Overall Judgements of Interactive Products
Mahlke, S. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-664-3_5 · Cited by 40
Visual aesthetics and user experience: A multiple-session experiment
Sauer, J., & Sonderegger, A. (2022) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2022.102837 · Cited by 39
Elshaer, I. A., Azazz, A. M. S., Fayyad, S., Aljoghaiman, A., Fathy, E. A., & Fouad, A. M. (2025) · Tourism and Hospitality · doi:10.3390/tourhosp6020068 · Cited by 55
van Beurden, M. H. P. H., IJsselsteijn, W. A., & de Kort, Y. A. W. (2012) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-34182-3_4 · Cited by 39
Wang, J., Doll, W. J., Deng, X., Park, K. C., & Yang, M. G. (2012) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.09.005 · Cited by 41
Design and Experience of Mobile Applications: A Pilot Survey
Sandesara, M., Bodkhe, U., Tanwar, S., Alshehri, M. D., Sharma, R., Neagu, B.-C., Grigoraş, G., & Raboacă, M. S. (2022) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math10142380 · Cited by 39
Hideous but worth it: Distinctive ugliness as a signal of luxury
Cesareo, L., Townsend, C., & Pavlov, E. (2022) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-022-00913-3 · Cited by 41
Smartphone app aesthetics influence users' experience and performance
Perrig, S. A. C., Ueffing, D., Opwis, K., & Brühlmann, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1113842 · Cited by 56
Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Zeng, Y., Su, J., & Li, Z. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-02746-w · Cited by 38
e-health first impressions and visual evaluations
Lazard, A. J., & Mackert, M. (2015) · Communication Design Quarterly · doi:10.1145/2826972.2826975 · Cited by 40
Survey of research on Quality of Experience modelling for web browsing
Baraković, S., & Skorin‐Kapov, L. (2017) · Quality and User Experience · doi:10.1007/s41233-017-0009-2 · Cited by 37
How User’s First Impression Forms on Mobile user Interface?: An ERPs Study
Guo, F., Wang, X., Shao, H., Wang, X.-R., & Liu, W. (2019) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2019.1699745 · Cited by 39
User Satisfaction, Aesthetics and Usability: Beyond Reductionism
Lindgaard, G., & Dudek, C. (2002) · Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) · Cited by 38
Incorporating social dimensions in Web-store design
Tractinsky, N., & Rao, V. S. (2001) · Human Systems Management · doi:10.3233/hsm-2001-20204 · Cited by 38
Self-citationChatbots for active learning: A case of phishing email identification
Hobert, S., Følstad, A., & Law, E. L. (2023) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2023.103108 · Cited by 50
Andersen, T. H., & Zhai, S. (2008) · ACM Transactions on Applied Perception · doi:10.1145/1773965.1773968 · Cited by 37
Aesthetic Appeal and Visual Usability in Four Icon Design Eras
Silvennoinen, J. M., & Jokinen, J. (2016) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2858036.2858462 · Cited by 37
Greussing, E., & Boomgaarden, H. G. (2018) · Digital Journalism · doi:10.1080/21670811.2018.1488598 · Cited by 37
Effects of font size and font style of Traditional Chinese characters on readability on smartphones
Huang, S.-M. (2018) · International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2018.10.002 · Cited by 37
Eytam, E., Lowengart, O., & Tractinsky, N. (2020) · Review of Managerial Science · doi:10.1007/s11846-020-00391-3 · Cited by 37
Self-citationPan, H., Ding, P., Wang, F., Li, T., Zhao, L., Nan, W., Fu, Y., & Gong, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2024.1429130 · Cited by 45
Eyeing the web interface: the influence of price, product, and personal involvement
Walia, N., Srite, M., & Huddleston, W. E. (2015) · Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.1007/s10660-015-9200-9 · Cited by 36
Metadata
- Authors
- Tractinsky, N., Katz, A. S., & Ikar, D.
- Affiliations
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- ORCID
- Tractinsky, N
- Venue
- Interacting with Computers
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 127-145
- ISSN
- 0953-5438 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998515403
- Cited by
- 1,376
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 63 · 2025: 104 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 86 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 14.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Interacting with Computers (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Keywords
- aesthetic perception, usability, user perception, human-computer interaction design, automated teller machines
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review