AU-rich elements: characterization and importance in mRNA degradation

A conserved AU sequence from the 3′ untranslated region of GM-CSF mRNA mediates selective mRNA degradation

Shaw, G. D., & Kamen, R. (1986) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90341-7 · Cited by 3,946

mRNA stability in mammalian cells

Ross, J. (1995) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mr.59.3.423-450.1995 · Cited by 1,411

Regulation of Lymphokine Messenger RNA Stability by a Surface-Mediated T Cell Activation Pathway

Lindstein, T., June, C. H., Ledbetter, J. A., Stella, G. C. L., & Thompson, C. B. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2540528 · Cited by 866

Shuttling of pre-mRNA binding proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm

Piñol-Roma, S., & Dreyfuss, G. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/355730a0 · Cited by 842

Transient accumulation of c-fos RNA following serum stimulation requires a conserved 5′ element and c-fos 3′ sequences

Treisman, R. (1985) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(85)90285-5 · Cited by 776

Removal of poly(A) and consequent degradation of c-fos mRNA facilitated by 3′ AU-rich sequences

Wilson, T., & Treisman, R. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/336396a0 · Cited by 657

Degradation of mRNA in eukaryotes

Beelman, C. A., & Parker, R. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90326-7 · Cited by 656

The Nonamer UUAUUUAUU Is the Key AU-Rich Sequence Motif That Mediates mRNA Degradation

Zubiaga, A. M., Belasco, J. G., & Greenberg, M. E. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.15.4.2219 · Cited by 543

Purification, Characterization, and cDNA Cloning of an AU-Rich Element RNA-Binding Protein, AUF1

Zhang, W., Wagner, B., Ehrenman, K., Schaefer, A., DeMaria, C. T., Crater, D. L., DeHaven, K., Long, L., & Brewer, G. (1993) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.13.12.7652 · Cited by 540

Two distinct destabilizing elements in the c-fos message trigger deadenylation as a first step in rapid mRNA decay.Preprint

Shyu, A. B., Belasco, J. G., & Greenberg, M. E. (1991) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.5.2.221 · Cited by 523

Identification of an AUUUA-Specific Messenger RNA Binding Protein

Malter, J. S. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2814487 · Cited by 497

An A + U-rich element RNA-binding factor regulates c-myc mRNA stability in vitro.

Brewer, G. (1991) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.11.5.2460 · Cited by 479

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase Selectively Binds AU-rich RNA in the NAD+-binding Region (Rossmann Fold)

Nagy, E., & Rigby, W. F. C. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.6.2755 · Cited by 361

Poly(A), poly(A) binding protein and the regulation of mRNA stability

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Hel-N1: an Autoimmune RNA-Binding Protein with Specificity for 3' Uridylate-Rich Untranslated Regions of Growth Factor mRNAs

Levine, T., Gao, F., King, P. H., Andrews, L. G., & Keene, J. D. (1993) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.13.6.3494 · Cited by 356

AUUUA Is Not Sufficient To Promote Poly(A) Shortening and Degradation of an mRNA: the Functional Sequence within AU-Rich Elements May Be UUAUUUA(U/A)(U/A)

Lagnado, C. A., Brown, C. Y., & Goodall, G. J. (1994) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.14.12.7984-7995.1994 · Cited by 335

Rapid Cytoplasmic Turnover of c-myc mRNA: Requirement of the 3′ Untranslated Sequences

Jones, T. R., & Cole, M. D. (1987) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.7.12.4513-4521.1987 · Cited by 309

An Inducible Cytoplasmic Factor (AU-B) Binds Selectively to AUUUA Multimers in the 3′ Untranslated Region of Lymphokine mRNA

Bohjanen, P. R., Petryniak, B., June, C. H., Thompson, C. B., & Lindsten, T. (1991) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.11.6.3288 · Cited by 288

Selective Degradation of Early-Response-Gene mRNAs: Functional Analyses of Sequence Features of the AU-Rich Elements

Chen, C. A., & Shyu, A. (1994) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.14.12.8471-8482.1994 · Cited by 268

mRNA Decay Mediated by Two Distinct AU-Rich Elements from c- fos and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Transcripts: Different Deadenylation Kinetics and Uncoupling from Translation

Chen, C.-Y. A., Xu, N., & Shyu, A.-B. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.15.10.5777 · Cited by 231

Association of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 and C proteins with reiterated AUUUA sequences.

Hamilton, B. J., Nagy, E., Malter, J. S., Arrick, B. A., & Rigby, W. F. C. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)52955-0 · Cited by 209

GM-CSF and oncogene mRNA stabilities are independently regulated in trans in a mouse monocytic tumor

Schuler, G. D., & Cole, M. D. (1988) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90256-5 · Cited by 209

Rapid cytoplasmic turnover of c-myc mRNA: requirement of the 3' untranslated sequences.

Jones, T. R., & Cole, M. D. (1987) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.7.12.4513 · Cited by 191

Interplay of two functionally and structurally distinct domains of the c- fos AU-rich element specifies its mRNA-destabilizing function

Chen, C.-Y. A., Chen, T.-M., & Shyu, A. (1994) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.14.1.416-426.1994 · Cited by 185

Evidence for instability of mRNAs containing AUUUA motifs mediated through translation-dependent assembly of a > 20S degradation complex.Preprint

Savant‐Bhonsale, S., & Cleveland, D. W. (1992) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.6.10.1927 · Cited by 173

The AU-rich sequences in the 3' untranslated region mediate the increased turnover of interferon mRNA induced by glucocorticoids.

Peppel, K., Vinci, J. M., & Baglioni, C. (1991) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.173.2.349 · Cited by 168

Selective degradation of early-response-gene mRNAs: functional analyses of sequence features of the AU-rich elements.

Chen, C. Y., & Shyu, A. B. (1994) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.14.12.8471 · Cited by 168

3'-UTR-dependent deadenylation by the yeast poly(A) nuclease.Preprint

Lowell, J., Rudner, D. Z., & Sachs, A. B. (1992) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.6.11.2088 · Cited by 137

Selective Destabilization of Short-Lived mRNAs with the Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor AU-Rich 3' Noncoding Region Is Mediated by a Cotranslational Mechanism

Aharon, T., & Schneider, R. J. (1993) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.13.3.1971-1980.1993 · Cited by 135

The half-life of c-myc mRNA in growing and serum-stimulated cells: influence of the coding and 3' untranslated regions and role of ribosome translocation.

Herrick, D., & Ross, J. (1994) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.14.3.2119 · Cited by 132

Regulation of Granulocyte- and Monocyte-colony Stimulating Factor mRNA Levels in Human Blood Monocytes Is Mediated Primarily at a Post-transcriptional Level

Ernst, T. J., Ritchie, A., Demetri, G. D., & Griffin, J. D. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83605-5 · Cited by 129

Transcriptional and posttranscriptional modulation of myeloid colony-stimulating factor expression by tumor necrosis factor and other agents.

Koeffler, H. P., Gasson, J. C., & Tobler, A. (1988) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.8.8.3432 · Cited by 123

Cyclosporin A inhibits growth of autocrine tumour cell lines by destabilizing interleukin-3 mRNA

Nair, A. P. K., Hahn, S., Banholzer, R., Hirsch, H. H., & Moroni, C. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/369239a0 · Cited by 108

Regulation of proto-oncogene mRNA stability

Schiavi, S. C. (1992) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/0304-419x(92)90009-n · Cited by 108

Functional hierarchy of AUUUA motifs in mediating rapid interleukin-3 mRNA decay.

Stoecklin, G., Hahn, S., & Moroni, C. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)61946-0 · Cited by 107

AU-A, an RNA-binding activity distinct from hnRNP A1, is selective for AUUUA repeats and shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Katz, D. A., Theodorakis, N. D., Cleveland, D. W., & Lindsten, T. (1994) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/22.2.238 · Cited by 78

Rapid mRNA Degradation Mediated by the c- fos 3′ AU-Rich Element and That Mediated by the Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor 3′ AU-Rich Element Occur through Similar Polysome-Associated Mechanisms

Winstall, É., Gamache, M., & Raymond, V. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.15.7.3796 · Cited by 57

Ca2+ ionophore A23187-dependent stabilization of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor messenger RNA in murine thymoma EL-4 cells is mediated through two distinct regions in the 3’-untranslated region

Iwai, Y., Akahane, K., Pluznik, D. H., & Cohen, R. B. (1993) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.150.10.4386 · Cited by 56

Isolation and characterization of a novel, low abundance hnRNP protein: A0.

Myer, V. E., & STEITZ, J. A. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 54

Interleukin-3 mRNA Stabilization by a trans-Acting Mechanism in Autocrine Tumors Lacking Interleukin-3 Gene Rearrangements

Hirsch, H. H., Nair, A. P. K., Backenstoss, V., & Moroni, C. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.35.20629 · Cited by 36

IL‐6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease

Tanaka, T., Narazaki, M., & Kishimoto, T. (2014) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016295 · Cited by 5,046

Switching from Repression to Activation: MicroRNAs Can Up-Regulate Translation

Vasudevan, S., Tong, Y., & STEITZ, J. A. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1149460 · Cited by 2,911

mRNA-based therapeutics--developing a new class of drugs

Sahin, U., Karikó, K., & Türeci, Ö. (2014) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4278 · Cited by 2,474

Systematic discovery of regulatory motifs in human promoters and 3′ UTRs by comparison of several mammals

Xie, X., Lu, J., Kulbokas, E. J., Golub, T. R., Mootha, V., Lindblad-Toh, K., Lander, E. S., & Kellis, M. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03441 · Cited by 1,872

Widespread Shortening of 3′UTRs by Alternative Cleavage and Polyadenylation Activates Oncogenes in Cancer Cells

Mayr, C., & Bartel, D. P. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.016 · Cited by 1,613

The AU-rich element,an important element of post-transcriptional regulation

Zhang, W. (2011) · Basic & Clinical Medicine

AU-Rich Elements (ARE)

(2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_1342

Assays of Adenylate Uridylate-Rich Element-Mediated mRNA Decay in Cells

Ysla, R. M., Wilson, G. M., & Brewer, G. (2008) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(08)02403-8 · Cited by 29

AU-rich elements and associated factors: are there unifying principles?

Barreau, C. (2005) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gki1012 · Cited by 907

Perspectives on the ARE as it turns 25 years old

Beisang, D. J., & Bohjanen, P. R. (2012) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews - RNA · doi:10.1002/wrna.1125 · Cited by 56