The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
AU-rich elements: characterization and importance in mRNA degradation
Abstract
Adenylate/uridylate-rich elements (AREs) are found in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of many messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that code for proto-oncogenes, nuclear transcription factors and cytokines. They represent the most common determinant of RNA stability in mammalian cells. Moreover, ARE-directed mRNA degradation is influenced by many exogenous factors, including phorbol esters, calcium ionophores, cytokines and transcription inhibitors. These observations suggest that AREs play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression during cell growth and differentiation, and in the immune response.
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In the citing paper
“This effect can be achieved by inserting AU-rich regions into 3′-UTRs ensuring fast mRNA breakdown and a short duration of protein expression (Chen and Shyu 1995).”
From Modifications of mRNA vaccine structural elements for improving mRNA stability and translation efficiency (2022) · cites this paper as Chen and Shyu 1995
In the citing paper
“A 3′UTR participates in such processes as alternative cleavage and polyadenylation, translation, and localization of mRNA [19], affecting mRNA stability [20].”
From Effects of Combinations of Untranslated-Region Sequences on Translation of mRNA (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“These engineered UTR sequences minimize mRNA degradation by excluding miRNA-binding sites11 and AU-rich regions in the 3′ UTR19.”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
Citations
Cites
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The Nonamer UUAUUUAUU Is the Key AU-Rich Sequence Motif That Mediates mRNA Degradation
Zubiaga, A. M., Belasco, J. G., & Greenberg, M. E. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.15.4.2219 · Cited by 543
Purification, Characterization, and cDNA Cloning of an AU-Rich Element RNA-Binding Protein, AUF1
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
IL‐6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease
Tanaka, T., Narazaki, M., & Kishimoto, T. (2014) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016295 · Cited by 5,046
Switching from Repression to Activation: MicroRNAs Can Up-Regulate Translation
Vasudevan, S., Tong, Y., & STEITZ, J. A. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1149460 · Cited by 2,911
mRNA-based therapeutics--developing a new class of drugs
Sahin, U., Karikó, K., & Türeci, Ö. (2014) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4278 · Cited by 2,474
Xie, X., Lu, J., Kulbokas, E. J., Golub, T. R., Mootha, V., Lindblad-Toh, K., Lander, E. S., & Kellis, M. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03441 · Cited by 1,872
Mayr, C., & Bartel, D. P. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.016 · Cited by 1,613
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, C.-Y. A., & Shyu, A.-B.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- Venue
- Trends in Biochemical Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-11
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 465-470
- ISSN
- 0968-0004 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2029706883
- Cited by
- 1,948
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 63
- FWCI
- 4.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Biochemical Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM046454, GM-46454)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- AU-rich elements, mRNA degradation, 3' untranslated region, RNA stability, proto-oncogenes, transcription factors, cytokines, phorbol ester, calcium ionophore, gene expression regulation, cell growth and differentiation, immune response
- MeSH terms
- Adenine, Animals, Base Composition, Gene Expression Regulation, RNA, Messenger, Transcription, Genetic, Protein Biosynthesis, Uracil, Signal Transduction, RNA-Binding Proteins, Conserved Sequence
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