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Cholinergic modulation of the hippocampus during encoding and retrieval
Abstract
The present experiments were aimed at determining whether acetylcholine (ACh) plays a role in encoding and retrieval of spatial information using a modified Hebb-Williams maze. In addition, the present experiments tested two computational models of hippocampal function during encoding and retrieval using a maze sensitive to hippocampal disruption. Thirty male, Long-Evans rats served as subjects. Chronic cannulae were implanted bilaterally into the CA3 (n=26) and CA1 (n=5) subregions of the hippocampus. Rats were tested using a modified Hebb-Williams maze. In the first experiment, rats were injected with either saline or scopolamine hydrobromide 10 min before testing for each day. The number of errors made per day per group was used as the measure of learning. Encoding was assessed by the average number of errors made on the first five trials of Day 1 compared to the last five trials of Day 1, whereas the average number of errors made on the first five trials of Day 2 compared to the last five trials of Day I was used to assess retrieval. No deficit was found for the saline group. The scopolamine group showed a deficit in encoding, but not retrieval. In the second experiment, rats were injected with either saline or physostigmine 10 min before testing each day. In contrast to the scopolamine groups, the physostigmine group showed a deficit in retrieval, but not encoding. To test whether the retrieval deficit was due to a disruption in storage or gaining access to the information two groups of rats received either saline on Day 1 and physostigmine on Day 2 or physostigmine on Day 1 and saline on Day 2. In addition, one group received physostigmine immediately after testing on Day 1. Data indicate that physostigmine causes a disruption of retrieval by means of a disruption in consolidation process. In conclusion, the cholinergic antagonist, scopolamine, disrupts encoding in both CA3 and CA1 subregions of the hippocampus. Furthermore, the cholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine, boosts ACh action during a time when cholinergic levels need to decline for proper consolidation.
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“Local infusions of scopolamine into the hippocampus impair encoding of spatial information (Blokland et al., 1992; Rogers and Kesner, 2003).”
From Modes and models of forebrain cholinergic neuromodulation of cognition (2011) · cites this paper as Rogers and Kesner, 2003
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rogers, J. L., & Kesner, R. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kesner, Raymond P
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-11
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 332-342
- ISSN
- 1074-7427 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2077816975
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R1MH065314)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- acetylcholine, hippocampus, spatial learning, memory encoding, memory retrieval, scopolamine, physostigmine, cholinergic modulation, memory consolidation, CA3, CA1, Hebb-Williams maze, cholinesterase inhibitors, anticholinergic agents
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cholinergic Fibers, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Female, Hippocampus, Learning, Memory, Physostigmine, Scopolamine, Space Perception, Muscarinic Agonists, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
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