Declarative memory consolidation: mechanisms acting during human sleep
Open accessAbstract
Of late, an increasing number of studies have shown a strong relationship between sleep and memory. Here we summarize a series of our own studies in humans supporting a beneficial influence of slow-wave sleep (SWS) on declarative memory formation, and try to identify some mechanisms that might underlie this influence. Specifically, these experiments show that declarative memory benefits mainly from sleep periods dominated by SWS, whereas there is no consistent benefit of this memory from periods rich in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. A main mechanism of declarative memory formation is believed to be the reactivation of newly acquired memory representations in hippocampal networks that stimulates a transfer and integration of these representations into neocortical neuronal networks. Consistent with this model, spindle activity and slow oscillation-related EEG coherence increase during early sleep after intense declarative learning in humans, signs that together point toward a neocortical reprocessing of the learned material. In addition, sleep seems to provide an optimal milieu for declarative memory reprocessing and consolidation by reducing cholinergic activation and the cortisol feedback to the hippocampus during SWS.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Studies using the night-half paradigm have provided substantial evidence for the dual processes hypothesis: hippocampus-dependent declarative memories preferentially profit from SWS, whereas nondeclarative aspects of memory (procedural, implicit, emotional) additionally profit from REM sleep.
“Overall, studies using the night-half paradigm have provided substantial evidence for the dual processes hypothesis, such as hippocampus-dependent declarative memories preferentially profiting from SWS, whereas nondeclarative aspects of memory, such as procedural, implicit, and emotional, additionally profiting from REM sleep (121, 428).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [428]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSleep is thought to be a neural state during which consolidation of declarative memories takes place.
“Sleep is thought to be a neural state during which consolidation of declarative memories takes place.83”
From Sleep Deprivation and Circadian Disruption (2015) · cites this paper as [83]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
McClelland, J. L., McNaughton, B. L., & O'Reilly, R. C. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.3.419 · Cited by 5,256 · see citing works
Reactivation of hippocampal ensemble memories during sleep
Wilson, M. A., & McNaughton, B. L. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8036517 · Cited by 3,118 · see citing works
Brain corticosteroid receptor balance in health and disease
de Kloet, E. R., Vreugdenhil, E., Oitzl, M. S., & Joëls, M. (1998) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.19.3.0331 · Cited by 2,614 · see citing works
Brain corticosteroid receptor balance in health and disease
de Kloet, E. R. (1998) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.19.3.269 · Cited by 2,614 · see citing works
Regularly Occurring Periods of Eye Motility, and Concomitant Phenomena, During Sleep
Aserinsky, E., & Kleitman, N. (1953) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.118.3062.273 · Cited by 2,488 · see citing works
Steriade, M., Nunez, A., & Amzica, F. (1993) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-08-03252.1993 · Cited by 1,903 · see citing works
Two-stage model of memory trace formation: A role for “noisy” brain states
Buzsáki, G. (1989) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90423-5 · Cited by 1,709 · see citing works
Practice with Sleep Makes Perfect
Walker, M. P., Brakefield, T., Morgan, A., Hobson, J. A., & Stickgold, R. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00746-8 · Cited by 1,307 · see citing works
The role of sleep in learning and memory
Maquet, P. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1062856 · Cited by 1,177 · see citing works
Temporally structured replay of awake hippocampal ensemble activity during rapid eye movement sleep
Louie, K., & Wilson, M. A. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00186-6 · Cited by 1,148 · see citing works
Coordinated interactions between hippocampal Ripples and Cortical Spindles during Slow-Wave Sleep
Siapas, A. G., & Wilson, M. A. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80629-7 · Cited by 1,052 · see citing works
Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on declarative and procedural memory
Plihal, W., & Born, J. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.534 · Cited by 1,026 · see citing works
Wagner, U., Gais, S., Haider, H., Verleger, R., & Born, J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02223 · Cited by 1,012 · see citing works
Self-citationDependence on REM Sleep of Overnight Improvement of a Perceptual Skill
Karni, A., Tanne, D., Rubenstein, B. S., Askenasy, J. J. M., & Sagi, D. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8036518 · Cited by 1,002 · see citing works
The Hippocampo-Neocortical Dialogue
Buzsáki, G. (1996) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/6.2.81 · Cited by 938 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Sleep: Genetics, cellular physiology and subcortical networks
Pace-Schott, E. F., & Hobson, J. A. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn895 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
Communication between neocortex and hippocampus during sleep in rodents
Sirota, A., Csicsvari, J., Buhl, D., & Buzsáki, G. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0437938100 · Cited by 930 · see citing works
Learning-dependent increases in sleep spindle density
Gais, S., Mölle, M., Helms, K., & Born, J. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-15-06830.2002 · Cited by 859 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuromodulation: acetylcholine and memory consolidation
Hasselmo, M. E. (1999) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01365-0 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Sleep, learning, and dreams: off-line memory reprocessing
Stickgold, R., Hobson, J. A., Fosse, R., & Fosse, M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063530 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
Kudrimoti, H. S., Barnes, C. A., & McNaughton, B. L. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-10-04090.1999 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Experience-dependent changes in cerebral activation during human REM sleep
Maquet, P., Laureys, S., Peigneux, P., Fuchs, S., Petiau, C., Phillips, C., Aerts, J., Del Fiore, G., Degueldre, C., Meulemans, T., et al. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/77744 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Acute cortisone administration impairs retrieval of long-term declarative memory in humans
de Quervain, D. J.-F., Roozendaal, B., Nitsch, R. M., McGaugh, J. L., & Hock, C. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/73873 · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Obliviscence during sleep and waking
Jenkins, J. G., & Dallenbach, K. M. (1924) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1414040 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Visual discrimination learning requires sleep after training
Stickgold, R., James, L., & Hobson, J. A. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/81756 · Cited by 715 · see citing works
Cellular basis of EEG slow rhythms: a study of dynamic corticothalamic relationships
Contreras, D., & Steriade, M. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-01-00604.1995 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Pavlides, C., & Winson, J. (1989) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.09-08-02907.1989 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids and the regulation of memory consolidation
Roozendaal, B. (2000) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00058-x · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Neuronal Plasticity in Thalamocortical Networks during Sleep and Waking Oscillations
Steriade, M., & Timofeev, I. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00065-5 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Grouping of spindle activity during slow oscillations in human non-rapid eye movement sleep
Mölle, M., Marshall, L., Gais, S., & Born, J. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-24-10941.2002 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Self-citationWagner, U., Gais, S., & Born, J. (2001) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.36801 · Cited by 605 · cited 2× · see citing works
“For example, consolidation of declarative memory for highly emotional material was found to benefit additionally from sleep with high amounts of REM sleep (Wagner et al. 2001).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSleep forms memory for finger skills
Fischer, S., Hallschmid, M., Elsner, A. L., & Born, J. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.182178199 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Memory consolidation during sleep: a neurophysiological perspective
Buzsáki, G. (1998) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.7.s1.3.x · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Low-frequency (<1Hz) oscillations in the human sleep electroencephalogram
Achermann, P., & Borbély, A. A. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00186-3 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
The REM sleep-memory consolidation hypothesis
Siegel, J. M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063049 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Visual Discrimination Task Improvement: A Multi-Step Process Occurring During Sleep
Stickgold, R., Whidbee, D., Schirmer, B., Patel, V., & Hobson, J. A. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900562075 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skills
Gais, S., Plihal, W., Wagner, U., & Born, J. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/81881 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Self-citationThe corticothalamic system in sleep
Steriade, M. (2003) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/1043 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Why do we sleep?11Published on the World Wide Web on 7 November 2000.
Sejnowski, T. J., & Destexhe, A. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03007-9 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Model of Thalamocortical Slow-Wave Sleep Oscillations and Transitions to Activated States
Bazhenov, M., Timofeev, I., Steriade, M., & B, T. J. S. A. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-19-08691.2002 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Low acetylcholine during slow-wave sleep is critical for declarative memory consolidation
Gais, S., & Born, J. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0305404101 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of early and late nocturnal sleep on priming and spatial memory
Plihal, W., & Born, J. (1999) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3650571 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Self-citationSpatiotemporal Patterns of Spindle Oscillations in Cortex and Thalamus
Contreras, D., Alain Destexhe, A., B, T. J. S. A., & Steriade, M. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-03-01179.1997 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
The neuropsychology of REM sleep dreaming
Hobson, J. A., Stickgold, R., & Pace-Schott, E. F. (1998) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199802160-00033 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Memory reprocessing in corticocortical and hippocampocortical neuronal ensembles
Qin, Y., McNaughton, B. L., Skaggs, W. E., & Barnes, C. A. (1997) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1997.0139 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Synchronization Between Temporal and Parietal Cortex During Multimodal Object Processing in Man
von Stein, A. (1999) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/9.2.137 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Long-range EEG synchronization during word encoding correlates with successful memory performance
Weiß, S., & Rappelsberger, P. (2000) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(00)00011-2 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Attentional functions of cortical cholinergic inputs: What does it mean for learning and memory?
Sarter, M. F., Bruno, J. P., & Givens, B. S. (2003) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/s1074-7427(03)00070-4 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Ribeiro, S., Gervasoni, D., Soares, E. S., Zhou, Y., Lin, S.-C., Pantoja, J., Lavine, M., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2004) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020024 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
The case against memory consolidation in REM sleep
Vertes, R. P., & Eastman, K. E. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00004003 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Wolf, O. T. (2003) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1521-690x(02)00101-x · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Impaired motor memory for a pursuit rotor task following Stage 2 sleep loss in college students
SMITH, C., & MACNEILL, C. (1994) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00133.x · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Bidirectional Control of Quantal Size by Synaptic Activity in the Hippocampus
Oliet, S. H. R., Malenka, R. C., & Nicoll, R. A. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5253.1294 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Fowler, M. J., Sullivan, M. J., & Ekstrand, B. R. (1973) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.179.4070.302 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Amzica, F., Massimini, M., & Manfridi, A. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-03-01042.2002 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Cortically-induced coherence of a thalamic-generated oscillation
Alain Destexhe, A., Contreras, D., & Steriade, M. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00024-x · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Effect of sleep on memory: II. Differential effect of the first and second half of the night.
Yaroush, R., Sullivan, M. J., & Ekstrand, B. R. (1971) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0030914 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Scopolamine induced learning failures in man
Petersen, R. C. (1977) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00426713 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Born, J. (1988) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(88)90021-2 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Memory consolidation in human sleep depends on inhibition of glucocorticoid release
Plihal, W., & Born, J. (1999) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199909090-00009 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationMassimini, M., & Amzica, F. (2001) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.3.1346 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Rapid Eye Movements and Remembering
EMPSON, J. A. C., & CLARKE, P. R. F. (1970) · Nature · doi:10.1038/227287a0 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Rasmusson, D. D., Clow, K. A., & Szerb, J. C. (1994) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90495-2 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Contreras, D., Alain Destexhe, A., & Steriade, M. (1997) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.1.335 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Wagner, U. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000021940.35402.51 · Cited by 152 · cited 2× · see citing works
“This and related studies (Wagner et al. 2002) have led to the suggestion that REM sleep enhances emotional memories.”
BackgroundCholinergic modulation of the hippocampus during encoding and retrieval
Rogers, J. L., & Kesner, R. P. (2003) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/s1074-7427(03)00063-7 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Bao, J., Kandel, E. R., & Hawkins, R. D. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-01-00458.1998 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Slow Wave Sleep Drives Inhibition of Pituitary‐AdrenalSecretion in Humans
Bierwolf, C., Struve, K., Marshall, L., Born, J., & Fehm, H. L. (1997) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1997.00605.x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Dexamethasone blocks sleep induced improvement of declarative memory
Plihal, W., Pietrowsky, R., & Born, J. (1999) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00080-8 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationWalking through a Maze Alters the Architecture of Sleep
Meier-Koll, A., Bussmann, B., Schmidt, C., & Neuschwander, D. (1999) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1999.88.3c.1141 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Eliot, L., Kandel, E., & Hawkins, R. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-05-03280.1994 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Effect of Rem Sleep Deprivation on Learning and Recall by Humans
Chernik, D. A. (1972) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1972.34.1.283 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The Effect of REM Deprivation: Is It Detrimental, Beneficial, or Neutral?
Lewin, I., & Glaubman, H. (1975) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01303.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Sleep oscillations and their blockage by activating systems.
Steriade, M. (1994) · PubMed Central · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Forgetting of Meaningful Material during Sleep and Waking
Newman, E. B. (1939) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1416661 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Scalp recorded direct current brain potentials during human sleep
Marshall, L., Mölle, M., Fehm, H. L., & Jan Born, A. (1998) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00131.x · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System: A Functional Analysis
Olton, D. S., Markowska, A. L., Voytko, M. L., et al. (1991) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0145-6_20 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Off-Line Reprocessing of Recent Memory and its Role in Memory Consolidation: A Progress Report
McNaughton, B. L., Barnes, C. A., Battaglia, F. P., Bower, M. R., Cowen, S. L., Ekstrom, A. D., Gerrard, J. L., Hoffman, K. L., Houston, F. P., Karten, Y. J. G., et al. (2003) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198574002.003.0013 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
REM sleep deprivation: The wrong paradigm leading to wrong conclusions
Born, J., & Gais, S. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00264029 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationMarshall, L., Mölle, M., & Jan Born, A. (2003) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00458-5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
van Ormer, E. B. (1933) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0071478 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Age-Related Changes in Control of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate During Sleep in the Rat
Séi, H., Sano, A., Ohno, H., et al. (2002) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/25.3.279 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Marshall, L., Mölle, M., Fehm, H. L., et al. (2000) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00304.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Slow Potential Shifts at Sleep—Wake Transitions and Shifts Between NREM and REM Sleep
Marshall, L., Mölle, M., Michaelsen, S., et al. (1996) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/19.2.145 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783 · see citing works
“Overall, studies using the night-half paradigm have provided substantial evidence for the dual processes hypothesis, such as hippocampus-dependent declarative memories preferentially profiting from SWS, whereas nondeclarative aspects of memory, such as procedural, implicit, and emotional, additionally profiting from R…”
BackgroundSelf-citationBoosting slow oscillations during sleep potentiates memory
Marshall, L., Helgadóttir, H., Mölle, M., & Born, J. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05278 · Cited by 1,792 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance
CURCIO, G., FERRARA, M., & DEGENNARO, L. (2006) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2005.11.001 · Cited by 1,310 · see citing works
Disruption of ripple‐associated hippocampal activity during rest impairs spatial learning in the rat
Ego‐Stengel, V., & Wilson, M. A. (2010) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20707 · Cited by 842 · see citing works
The contribution of sleep to hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation
Marshall, L., & Born, J. (2007) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.09.001 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Sleep deprivation as a neurobiologic and physiologic stressor: allostasis and allostatic load
McEwen, B. S. (2006) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2006.07.008 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Arm immobilization causes cortical plastic changes and locally decreases sleep slow wave activity
Huber, R., Ghilardi, M. F., Massimini, M., Ferrarelli, F., Riedner, B. A., Peterson, M. J., & Tononi, G. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1758 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
The whats and whens of sleep-dependent memory consolidation
Diekelmann, S., Wilhelm, I., & Born, J. (2009) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2008.08.002 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Takashima, A., Petersson, K. M., Rutters, F., Tendolkar, I., Jensen, O., Zwarts, M. J., McNaughton, B. L., & Fernández, G. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0507774103 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
REM, not incubation, improves creativity by priming associative networks
Cai, D. J., Mednick, S. A., Harrison, E. M., Kanady, J. C., & Mednick, S. C. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0900271106 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Sleep and emotional processing
Tempesta, D., Socci, V., De Gennaro, L., & Ferrara, M. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.12.005 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Sleep after learning aids memory recall
Gais, S., Lucas, B., & Born, J. (2006) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.132106 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Self-citationSource modeling sleep slow waves
Murphy, M., Riedner, B. A., Huber, R., Massimini, M., Ferrarelli, F., & Tononi, G. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0807933106 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Temporal coupling of parahippocampal ripples, sleep spindles and slow oscillations in humans
Clemens, Z., Molle, M., Eross, L., Barsi, P., Halasz, P., & Born, J. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm146 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep selectively enhances memory expected to be of future relevance
Wilhelm, I., Diekelmann, S., Molzow, I., Ayoub, A., Mölle, M., & Born, J. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3575-10.2011 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Ripples in the medial temporal lobe are relevant for human memory consolidation
Axmacher, N., Elger, C. E., & Fell, J. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn103 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
The role of sleep in declarative memory consolidation: passive, permissive, active or none?
Ellenbogen, J. M., Payne, J. D., & Stickgold, R. (2006) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.10.006 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Sleep Deprivation and Circadian Disruption
McEwen, B. S., & Karatsoreos, I. N. (2015) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2014.11.007 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Brief sleep after learning keeps emotional memories alive for years
Wagner, U., Hallschmid, M., Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.061 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Sustained increase in hippocampal sharp-wave ripple activity during slow-wave sleep after learning
Eschenko, O., Ramadan, W., Mölle, M., Born, J., & Sara, S. J. (2008) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.726008 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Sleep in children improves memory performance on declarative but not procedural tasks
Wilhelm, I., Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2008) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.803708 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Self-citationProcessing of emotional reactivity and emotional memory over sleep
Baran, B., Pace-Schott, E. F., Ericson, C., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2532-11.2012 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
“Studies that reveal direct relationships between physiological properties of sleep and changes in task performance over sleep suggest that sleep actively modulates memory representations (Gais and Born, 2004; Schabus et al., 2004; Marshall et al., 2006).”
FOGEL, S., SMITH, C., & COTE, K. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.02.037 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Sleep's function in the spontaneous recovery and consolidation of memories.
Drosopoulos, S., Schulze, C., Fischer, S., & Born, J. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.136.2.169 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationArousal and cortisol interact in modulating memory consolidation in healthy young men.
Kuhlmann, S., & Wolf, O. T. (2006) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.120.1.217 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
The effect of presleep video-game playing on adolescent sleep
Weaver, E., Gradisar, M., Dohnt, H., Lovato, N., & Douglas, P. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.27769 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Sleep and memory in mammals, birds and invertebrates
Vorster, A. P., & Born, J. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.09.020 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationTimely sleep facilitates declarative memory consolidation in infants
Seehagen, S., Konrad, C., Herbert, J. S., & Schneider, S. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1414000112 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Huber, R., Määttä, S., Esser, S. K., Sarasso, S., Ferrarelli, F., Watson, A., Ferreri, F., Peterson, M. J., & Tononi, G. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1636-08.2008 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Cairney, S. A., Durrant, S. J., Power, R., & Lewis, P. A. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht349 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Fischer, S., Wilhelm, I., & Born, J. (2007) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.2.214 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationDaytime naps improve procedural motor memory
Backhaus, J., & Junghanns, K. (2006) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2006.04.002 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Perrault, A. A., Khani, A., Quairiaux, C., Kompotis, K., Franken, P., Muhlethaler, M., Schwartz, S., & Bayer, L. (2019) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.12.028 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Effects of Cortisol Suppression on Sleep-Associated Consolidation of Neutral and Emotional Memory
Wagner, U., Degirmenci, M., Drosopoulos, S., Perras, B., & Born, J. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.008 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationEschenko, O., & Sara, S. J. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn020 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Prehn-Kristensen, A., Göder, R., Fischer, J., Wilhelm, I., Seeck-Hirschner, M., Aldenhoff, J., & Baving, L. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.10.010 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Memory consolidation during sleep: Interactive effects of sleep stages and HPA regulation: Review
Wagner, U., & Born, J. (2008) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890701408822 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Sleep-Dependent Plasticity Requires Cortical Activity
Jha, S. K., Jones, B. E., Coleman, T., Steinmetz, N., Law, C.-T., Griffin, G., Hawk, J., Dabbish, N., Kalatsky, V. A., & Frank, M. G. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2722-05.2005 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Shifting from implicit to explicit knowledge: Different roles of early- and late-night sleep
Yordanova, J., Kolev, V., Verleger, Bataghva, Z., Born, J., & Wagner, U. (2008) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.897908 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationWamsley, E. J., Tucker, M. A., Payne, J. D., & Stickgold, R. (2010) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1828310 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Voderholzer, U., Piosczyk, H., Holz, J., Landmann, N., Feige, B., Loessl, B., Kopasz, M., Doerr, J. P., Riemann, D., & Nissen, C. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.07.017 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Modulatory effects of emotion and sleep on recollection and familiarity
ATIENZA, M., & CANTERO, J. L. (2008) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00661.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Evidence for two distinct sleep-related long-term memory consolidation processes
Schönauer, M., Grätsch, M., & Gais, S. (2015) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2014.08.005 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationVienne, J., Lecciso, G., Constantinescu, I., Schwartz, S., Franken, P., Heinzer, R., & Tafti, M. (2012) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.1992 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Loughran, S. P., McKenzie, R. J., Jackson, M. L., Howard, M. E., & Croft, R. J. (2012) · Bioelectromagnetics · doi:10.1002/bem.20691 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Tau-induced pathology in epilepsy and dementia: notions from patients and animal models.
Sánchez, M., García-Cabrero, A., Sánchez-Elexpuru, G., Burgos, D., & Serratosa, J. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19041092 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
How to become an expert: a new perspective on the role of sleep in the mastery of procedural skills
Fogel, S. M., Ray, L. B., Binnie, L., & Owen, A. M. (2015) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2015.10.004 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Sleep’s role in the processing of unwanted memories: Sleep and processing of unwanted memories
FISCHER, S., DIEKELMANN, S., & BORN, J. (2011) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00881.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Das, R. K., Tamman, A., Nikolova, V., Freeman, T. P., Bisby, J. A., Lazzarino, A. I., & Kamboj, S. K. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171600026x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The impact of sleep on true and false memory across long delays
Pardilla-Delgado, E., & Payne, J. D. (2017) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.11.016 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Slow wave sleep in naps supports episodic memories in early childhood
Lokhandwala, S., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2021) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.13035 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Mental Sleep Activity and Disturbing Dreams in the Lifespan
Scarpelli, S., Bartolacci, C., D’Atri, A., Gorgoni, M., & De Gennaro, L. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16193658 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Peiffer, A., Brichet, M., De Tiège, X., Peigneux, P., & Urbain, C. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66880-3 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Novel word learning in older adults: A role for sleep?
Kurdziel, L. B. F., Mantua, J., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2017) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2016.05.010 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
KOPASZ, M., LOESSL, B., VALERIUS, G., KOENIG, E., MATTHAEAS, N., HORNYAK, M., KLOEPFER, C., NISSEN, C., RIEMANN, D., & VODERHOLZER, U. (2010) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00742.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Sleep, cognition and cortisol in addison’s disease: a mechanistic relationship
Henry, M., Thomas, K. G. F., & Ross, I. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.694046 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Enhancement of Neocortical-Medial Temporal EEG Correlations during Non-REM Sleep
Axmacher, N., Helmstaedter, C., Elger, C. E., & Fell, J. (2008) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2008/563028 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Overnight sleep benefits both neutral and negative direct associative and relational memory
Huguet, M., Payne, J. D., Kim, S. Y., & Alger, S. E. (2019) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-019-00746-8 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Systematic Review of the Effects of Sleep on Memory and Word Learning in Infancy
Belia, M., Keren‐Portnoy, T., & Vihman, M. (2023) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12544 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Born, J., & Wagner, U. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2007.03.005 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gais, S., & Born, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Venue
- Learning & Memory
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 679-685
- ISSN
- 1072-0502 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5485
- PMC
- PMC534696
- OpenAlex
- W2116888545
- Cited by
- 536
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 22
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Learning & Memory (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- declarative memory consolidation, sleep, slow-wave sleep, REM sleep, memory reactivation, hippocampus, sleep spindles, slow oscillations, EEG coherence, cholinergic stimulation, cortisol, memory reprocessing
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Electrophysiology, Hippocampus, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Learning, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Mental Recall, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Stages, Thinking, Polysomnography, Recognition, Psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
