Cited by 1,886PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancerFungal and yeast genetics researchAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

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Two TOR Complexes, Only One of which Is Rapamycin Sensitive, Have Distinct Roles in Cell Growth Control

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Loewith, Robbie, Jacinto, Estela, Wullschleger, Stephan, Lorberg, Anja, Crespo, José L., Bonenfant, Débora, Oppliger, Wolfgang, Jenoe, Paul, Hall, Michael N.·2002·Molecular Cell

DOI 10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00636-6

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Abstract

The target of rapamycin (TOR) proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TOR1 and TOR2, redundantly regulate growth in a rapamycin-sensitive manner. TOR2 additionally regulates polarization of the actin cytoskeleton in a rapamycin-insensitive manner. We describe two functionally distinct TOR complexes. TOR Complex 1 (TORC1) contains TOR1 or TOR2, KOG1 (YHR186c), and LST8. TORC2 contains TOR2, AVO1 (YOL078w), AVO2 (YMR068w), AVO3 (YER093c), and LST8. FKBP-rapamycin binds TORC1, and TORC1 disruption mimics rapamycin treatment, suggesting that TORC1 mediates the rapamycin-sensitive, TOR-shared pathway. FKBP-rapamycin fails to bind TORC2, and TORC2 disruption causes an actin defect, suggesting that TORC2 mediates the rapamycin-insensitive, TOR2-unique pathway. Thus, the distinct TOR complexes account for the diversity, specificity, and selective rapamycin inhibition of TOR signaling. TORC1 and possibly TORC2 are conserved from yeast to man.

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Authors: Loewith, R., Jacinto, E., Wullschleger, S., Lorberg, A., Crespo, J. L., Bonenfant, D., Oppliger, W., Jenoe, P., & Hall, M. N.
Affiliations: University of Basel (CH)
Corresponding author: Hall, Michael N.
ORCID: Loewith, Robbie
Jacinto, Estela
Wullschleger, Stephan
Crespo, José L.
Bonenfant, Débora
Hall, Michael N.
Venue: Molecular Cell
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-09
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Pages: 457-468
ISSN: 1097-2765 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00636-6
OpenAlex: W2152600551
Cited by: 1,886
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 100 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 115 · 2014: 97 · 2013: 103 · 2012: 135
FWCI: 15.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3972 d)
Locations: Molecular Cell (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords: TOR signaling, TOR1, TOR2, rapamycin sensitivity, cell growth regulation, LST8, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
MeSH terms: Actins, Animals, Antifungal Agents, Cell Line, Cytoskeleton, Fungal Proteins, Glycogen, Humans, Protein Binding, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Tissue Distribution, Signal Transduction, Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor), Genes, Reporter, Cell Cycle Proteins, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Sirolimus, Tacrolimus Binding Proteins, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Macromolecular Substances

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Two TOR Complexes, Only One of which Is Rapamycin Sensitive, Have Distinct Roles in Cell Growth Control

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