S100: a multigenic family of calcium-modulated proteins of the EF-hand type with intracellular and extracellular functional roles
Abstract
S100 is a multigenic family of non-ubiquitous Ca(2+)-modulated proteins of the EF-hand type expressed in vertebrates exclusively and implicated in intracellular and extracellular regulatory activities. Within cells, most of S100 members exist in the form of antiparallelly packed homodimers (in some cases heterodimers), capable of functionally crossbridging two homologous or heterologous target proteins in a Ca(2+)-dependent (and, in some instances, Ca(2+)-independent) manner. S100 oligomers can also form, under the non-reducing conditions found in the extracellular space and/or within cells upon changes in the cell redox status. Within cells, S100 proteins have been implicated in the regulation of protein phosphorylation, some enzyme activities, the dynamics of cytoskeleton components, transcription factors, Ca(2+) homeostasis, and cell proliferation and differentiation. Certain S100 members are released into the extracellular space by an unknown mechanism. Extracellular S100 proteins stimulate neuronal survival and/or differentiation and astrocyte proliferation, cause neuronal death via apoptosis, and stimulate (in some cases) or inhibit (in other cases) the activity of inflammatory cells. A cell surface receptor, RAGE, has been identified on inflammatory cells and neurons for S100A12 and S100B, which transduces S100A12 and S100B effects. It is not known whether RAGE is a universal S100 receptor, S100 members interact with other cell surface receptors, or S100 protein intera…
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From miR-21-5p Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Glioma by Targeting S100A10 (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
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- Authors
- Donato, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Perugia (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Donato, Rosario
- ORCID
- Donato, Rosario
- Venue
- The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 637-668
- ISSN
- 1357-2725 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998826717
- Cited by
- 1,580
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 80 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 82 · 2012: 70
- FWCI
- 5.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › S100 Proteins and Annexins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Calpain Protease Function and Regulation
- Keywords
- S-100 protein, EF-hand proteins, calcium signaling, redox regulation, protein phosphorylation, cytoskeletal dynamics, transcription factors, calcium homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, astrocyte proliferation, inflammatory cells, RAGE receptor, S100A12, S100B, cell surface receptors, signaling pathways
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Coagulation, Calcium, Cognition, Cytoskeleton, Humans, Inflammation, Neoplasms, S100 Proteins, Nervous System Physiological Phenomena, Phosphorylation, Protein Conformation, Proteins, Dimerization, EF Hand Motifs
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