Interactions of the hindgut mucosa-associated microbiome with its host regulate shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by cattle
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ABSTRACT Cattle are the primary carrier of Escherichia coli O157:H7, a foodborne human pathogen, and those shedding >10 4 CFU/gram of feces of E. coli O157:H7 are defined as supershedders (SS). This study investigated the rectoanal junction (RAJ) mucosa-associated microbiota and its relationship with host gene expression in SS and in cattle from which E. coli O157:H7 was not detected (nonshedders [NS]), aiming to elucidate the mechanisms involved in supershedding. In total, 14 phyla, 66 families, and 101 genera of RAJ mucosa-associated bacteria were identified and Firmicutes (61.5 ± 7.5%), Bacteroidetes (27.9 ± 6.4%), and Proteobacteria (5.5 ± 2.1%) were the predominant phyla. Differential abundance analysis of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified 2 OTUs unique to SS which were members of Bacteroides and Clostridium and 7 OTUs unique to NS which were members of Coprococcus , Prevotella , Clostridium , and Paludibacter . Differential abundance analysis of predicted microbial functions (using PICRUSt [phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states]) revealed that 3 pathways had higher abundance (log 2 fold change, 0.10 to 0.23) whereas 12 pathways had lower abundance (log 2 fold change, −0.36 to −0.20) in SS. In addition, we identified significant correlations between expression of 19 differentially expressed genes and the relative abundance of predicted microbial functions, including nucleic acid polymerization and carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Our findings suggest that differences in RAJ microbiota at both the compositional and functional levels may be associated with E. coli O157:H7 supershedding and that certain microbial groups and microbial functions may influence RAJ physiology of SS by affecting host gene expression. IMPORTANCE Cattle with fecal E. coli O157:H7 at >10 4 CFU per gram of feces have been defined as the supershedders, and they are responsible for the most of the E. coli O157:H7 spread into farm environment. Currently, no method is available for beef producers to eliminate shedding of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle, and the lack of information about the mechanisms of supershedding greatly impedes the development of effective methods. This study investigated the role of the rectoanal junction (RAJ) mucosa-associated microbiome in E. coli O157:H7 shedding, and our results indicated that the compositions and functions of RAJ microbiota differed between supershedders and nonshedders. The identified relationship between the differentially abundant microbes and 19 previously identified differentially expressed genes suggests the role of host-microbial interactions involved in E. coli O157:H7 supershedding. Our findings provide a fundamental understanding of the supershedding phenomenon which is essential for the development of strategies, such as the use of directly fed microbials, to reduce E. coli O157:H7 shedding in cattle.
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Differences in both the mucosa-associated microbiota of the rectoanal junction and fecal microbiota of cattle influence the shedding of the human pathogen Escherichia coli O157 in cattle feces.
“Recently, differences in both the mucosa-associated microbiota of the rectoanal junction and fecal microbiota of cattle have been shown to influence the shedding of the human pathogen Escherichia coli O157 in cattle feces (Stenkamp-Strahm et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2018).”
From Addressing global ruminant agricultural challenges through understanding the rumen microbiome: past, present, and future (2018) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2018
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ResultMicrobiomes in ruminant protein production and food security.
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InfluentialZhao, X., Wei, J., Chen, W., Xu, X., Zhu, R., Tian, P., & Chen, T. (2022) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2022/8762936
Overview on the Role of Probiotics as Immunomodulator s in Farm Animals
Fouad, E. A. (2023) · Ricos Biology · doi:10.33687/ricosbiol.01.01.0017
Costello, M. K., McClure, J. C., Brown, J. A., Mantovani, H. C., & Ricke, S. C. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.10.632417
Pan, Z., Chen, Y., Zhou, M., McAllister, T. A., McNeilly, T. N., & Guan, L. L. (2025) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-025-02184-w
“Compared to the study that only highlights either miR-NAomes or commensals affecting super-shedding and O157 colonization [10, 14, 16], our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of O157 colonization and super-shedding through the coregulation of miRNAomes and mucosa-attached…”
The quiet reservoir: Understanding Shiga toxin Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization in cattle
Feldmann, K. P., & Myer, P. R. (2026) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1014565
“Taxa such as Clostridium and Bacteroides have been associated with super shedders [13]; however, other taxa, including Erysipelotrichaceae and Prevotella-ceae , have been associated with both super-shedders and non-shedders, making it difficult to define a consistent microbial signature linked to…”
Ban-Cucerzan, A., Imre, K., & Morar, A. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16199578
- Authors
- Wang, O., McAllister, T. A., Plastow, G., Stanford, K., Selinger, B., & Guan, L. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (CA)
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Venue
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5336
- PMC
- PMC5734021
- OpenAlex
- W2765154940
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery)
- Alberta Innovates | Alberta Innovates Bio Solutions (FSC-12-017)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Escherichia coli research studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Keywords
- Escherichia coli O157:H7, cattle, hindgut microbiota, host-microbe interactions, host gene expression, microbial function, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Prevotella, foodborne pathogens, beef cattle, fecal shedding, microbial community composition
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Anal Canal, Cattle, Cattle Diseases, Escherichia coli Infections, Feces, Phylogeny, Rectum, RNA, Bacterial, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Gene Expression, Escherichia coli O157, Bacterial Shedding
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