Cited by 785Light effects on plantsPlant Molecular Biology ResearchPhotosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms

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Phototropins 1 and 2: versatile plant blue-light receptors

Briggs, Winslow R., Christie, John M.·2002·Trends in Plant Science

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Abstract

Blue and ultraviolet-A light regulate a wide range of responses in plants, including phototropism, chloroplast migration and stomatal opening. However, the photoreceptors for these light responses have been identified only recently. The phototropins (phot1 and phot2) represent a new class of receptor kinases that appear to be exclusive to plants. Recent genetic analysis has shown that phot1 and phot2 exhibit partially overlapping functions in mediating phototropism, chloroplast migration, and stomatal opening in Arabidopsis. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the early photochemical and biochemical events that follow phototropin excitation, the details of how this excitation activates such different responses remain to be elucidated.

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Background
Primary Processes During the Light‐signal Transduction of Phototropin
Matsuoka, D., Iwata, T., Zikihara, K., Kandori, H., & Tokutomi, S. (2006) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1562/2006-03-29-ra-861 · Cited by 34
Environmental control of sepalness and petalness in perianth organs of waterlilies: a new Mosaic Theory for the evolutionary origin of a differentiated perianth
Warner, K. A., Rudall, P. J., & Frohlich, M. W. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erp202 · Cited by 34
“stem elongation, suppression of branching) (recent reviews on photomorphogenesis include Kendrick and Kronenberg, 1994; Chory et al., 1996; Ballare´ et al., 1997; Briggs and Christie, 2002; Bechtold et al., 2005; Spalding and Folta, 2005; Roberts and Paul, 2006; Lee et al., 2008; King et al., 2008).”
Background
Plant genetics: a decade of integration
Pruitt, R. E., Bowman, J. L., & Grossniklaus, U. (2003) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1108 · Cited by 33
Role of inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate signalling in gravitropic and phototropic gene expression
Salinas, R., Kajla, J. D., Perera, I. Y., Brown, C. S., & Sederoff, H. W. (2010) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02204.x · Cited by 33
Light Acts as a Signal for Regulation of Growth and Development
Higuchi, Y., & Hisamatsu, T. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1848-0_5 · Cited by 36
Coordination of light, circadian clock with temperature: The potential mechanisms regulating chilling tolerance in rice
Lu, X., Zhou, Y., Fan, F., Peng, J. H., & Zhang, J. (2019) · Journal of Integrative Plant Biology · doi:10.1111/jipb.12852 · Cited by 33
Functional interconnections of HY1 with MYC2 and HY5 in Arabidopsis seedling development
Prasad, B. R. V., Kumar, S. V., Nandi, A. K., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2012) · BMC Plant Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2229-12-37 · Cited by 33
“In Arabidopsis, these photoreceptors include the blue/UV-A light absorbing cryptochromes (CRY1 to CRY3) and phototropins (PHOT1 and PHOT2); the red/far-red light absorbing phytochromes (phy: phyA to phyE) [3-7].”
Background
Blue light photoreceptor cryptochrome 1 promotes wood formation and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Populus
Chen, X., Fan, Y., Guo, Y., Li, S., Zhang, B., Li, H., & Liu, L. (2024) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.14866 · Cited by 32
AGC kinases in plant development and defense
Hirt, H., García, A. V. T., & Oelmüller, R. (2011) · Plant Signaling & Behavior · doi:10.4161/psb.6.7.15580 · Cited by 32
Tomato in the spotlight: light regulation of whole-plant physiology
Heuvelink, E., Acevedo‐Siaca, L. G., de Poel, B. V., der Jeucht, L. V., Vialet‐Chabrand, S., Steppe, K., Ji, Y., Körner, O., Kusuma, P., Langer, S. E., et al. (2025) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/eraf315 · Cited by 34
AGCVIII kinases: at the crossroads of cellular signaling
Zhang, Y., & McCormick, S. M. (2009) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2009.09.006 · Cited by 31
Deficiency in phytochrome A alters photosynthetic activity, leaf starch metabolism and shoot biomass production in tomato
Kharshiing, E. V., & Sinha, S. P. (2016) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.10.026 · Cited by 31
Plant responses to light
Dou, H., & Niu, G. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816691-8.00009-1 · Cited by 37
A Negative Effector of Blue Light-Induced and Gravitropic Bending in Arabidopsis
Knauer, T., Dümmer, M., Landgraf, F., & Forreiter, C. (2011) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.110.167411 · Cited by 29
“Phototropic responses of higher plants are mainly mediated by blue light perceived by photoreceptors of the phototropin family (Briggs and Christie, 2002; Christie, 2007; Holland et al., 2009).”
Background
New perspectives into jasmonate roles in maize
Yan, Y., Huang, P., Borrego, E. J., & Kolomiets, M. V. (2014) · Plant Signaling & Behavior · doi:10.4161/15592316.2014.970442 · Cited by 30
“predominantly in phototropism, chloroplast migration, and stomata opening.(27) Many protein factors called phytochrome-interacting proteins (PIPs), such as PIFs (phytochrome-interacting factors), HFR1 (long hypocotyl in far-red1), and FIN219 (far-red insensitive 219), act downstream of phytochromes and associate with…”
Background
Ethylene-independent promotion of photomorphogenesis in the dark by cytokinin requires COP1 and the CDD complex
Cortleven, A., Ehret, S., Schmülling, T., & Johansson, H. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/ery344 · Cited by 30
Blue and green are frequently seen: responses of seeds to short- and mid-wavelength light
Goggin, D. E., & Steadman, K. J. (2011) · Seed Science Research · doi:10.1017/s0960258511000444 · Cited by 31
“The flavin mononucleotide (FMN) chromophore absorbs blue (peak absorbance at 450 nm with shoulders at 420 and 470 nm) and UV-A (a broad peak around 365 nm) light, which causes a change in protein conformation and activates the phototropin molecule (Briggs and Christie, 2002; Inoue et al., 2010).”
Background
Functional characterization of GhPHOT2 in chloroplast avoidance of Gossypium hirsutum
Shang, B., Zang, Y., Zhao, X., Zhu, J., Fan, C., Guo, X., & Zhang, X. (2018) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.027 · Cited by 30
“The phototropins are consisted of two LOV (light, oxygen or voltage) light sensor domains (LOV1 and LOV2) in the N-terminus and a Ser/Thr kinase domain in the C-terminus, and they act redundantly in the regulation of a broad range of blue light-induced responses (Briggs and Christie, 2002).”
Background
Full moonlight-induced circadian clock entrainment in Coffea arabica
Breitler, J., Djerrab, D., Léran, S., Toniutti, L., Guittin, C., Séverac, D., Pratlong, M., Dereeper, A., Etienne, H., & Bertrand, B. (2020) · BMC Plant Biology · doi:10.1186/s12870-020-2238-4 · Cited by 31
Light quality, oxygenic photosynthesis and more
Lazár, D., Stirbet, A. D., Björn, L. O., & GOVINDJEE, G. (2022) · Photosynthetica · doi:10.32615/ps.2021.055 · Cited by 32
Blue radiation stimulates photosynthetic induction in Fagus sylvatica L.
Košvancová, M., Urban, O., Navrátil, M., Špunda, V., Robson, T. M., & Marek, M. V. (2009) · Photosynthetica · doi:10.1007/s11099-009-0060-1 · Cited by 29
“Blue radiation may control the activity of several enzymes (Thomas 1981), elicit the migration of chloroplasts in response to changes in PFD and solar tracking by leaves of certain plant species (Briggs and Christie 2002), and stimulate stomatal opening (Johnsson et al.”
Background
Cryptogam blue-light photoreceptors
Suetsugu, N., & Wada, M. (2003) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/s1369526602000067 · Cited by 29
Blue news: NTP binding properties of the blue‐light sensitive YtvA protein from Bacillus subtilis
Buttani, V., Losi, A., Polverini, E., & Gärtner, W. (2006) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.06.007 · Cited by 29
“007 inducing auto-phosphorylation of phot via activation of the C-terminal kinase domain [4] (and references therein).”
Background
Absorption and emission spectroscopic characterisation of the LOV2-domain of phot from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii fused to a maltose binding protein
Holzer, W., Penzkofer, А., Susdorf, T., Álvarez, M., Islam, S. D. M., & Hegemann, P. (2004) · Chemical Physics · doi:10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.03.017 · Cited by 29
Space‐Based Research on Plant Tropisms
Correll, M. J., & Kiss, J. Z. (2007) · doi:10.1002/9780470388297.ch8 · Cited by 29
Rhythmic Leaf Movements: Physiological and Molecular Aspects
Moran, N. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20517-5_4 · Cited by 29
“Thus, spectroscopic studies suggest that the pulvinar blue-light receptor is similar to the receptor involved in the general phototropic responses (reviewed by Briggs and Christie 2002 ).”
Background
Interaction of light quality and fertility on biomass, shoot pigmentation and xanthophyll cycle flux in Chinese kale
Kopsell, D. A., Sams, C. E., & Morrow, R. C. (2016) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.7814 · Cited by 28
Photodynamics of blue-light-regulated phosphodiesterase BlrP1 protein from Klebsiella pneumoniae and its photoreceptor BLUF domain
Tyagi, A., Penzkofer, А., Griese, J. J., Schlichting, I., Kirienko, N. V., & Gomelsky, M. (2008) · Chemical Physics · doi:10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.10.003 · Cited by 28
BLUE/UV-A RECEPTORS: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
Briggs, W. R. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-3811-9_10 · Cited by 28
Self-citation
Phototropins and Associated Signaling: Providing the Power of Movement in Higher Plants¶
Celaya, R. B., & Emmanuel Liscum, A. (2005) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1562/2004-08-22-ir-282.1 · Cited by 28
A rapid aureochrome opto-switch enables diatom acclimation to dynamic light
Zhang, H., Xiong, X., Guo, K., Zheng, M., Cao, T., Yang, Y., Song, J., Cen, J., Zhang, J., Jiang, Y., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49991-7 · Cited by 29
“Speci ﬁ cally, we detected a peak at 450nm in the dark-incubated sample, attributable to non-covalently bound FMN, and a peak at 390nm in the blue light-exposed sample, corresponding to the FMN-cysteine adduct 82 (Fig.”
Smart glass impacts stomatal sensitivity of greenhouse Capsicum through altered light
Zhao, C., Chavan, S. G., He, X., Zhou, M., Cazzonelli, C. I., Chen, Z., Tissue, D. T., & Ghannoum, O. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erab028 · Cited by 27
Metabolic changes in cucumber leaves are enhanced by blue light but differentially affected by UV interactions with light signalling pathways in the visible spectrum.
Palma, C. F. F., Castro‐Alves, V., Morales, L. O., Rosenqvist, E., Ottosen, C., Hyötyläinen, T., & Strid, Å. (2022) · Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111326 · Cited by 27
Role of a short light, oxygen, voltage (LOV) domain protein in blue light- and singlet oxygen-dependent gene regulation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Metz, S., Jäger, A., & Klug, G. (2011) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.054700-0 · Cited by 27
“The phot1 and phot2 proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana are coupled to serine/threonine kinase domains and regulate, for example, phototropism, chloroplast movement and stomatal opening (Briggs & Christie, 2002; Crosson et al., 2003).”
Photo dynamics of BLUF domain mutant H44R of AppA from Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Zirak, P., Penzkofer, A., Hegemann, P., & Mathes, T. (2007) · Chemical Physics · doi:10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.03.013 · Cited by 27
Expression profiling and mapping of defence response genes associated with the barley– Pyrenophora teres incompatible interaction
Bogacki, P., Oldach, K., & WILLIAMS, K. J. (2008) · Molecular Plant Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00485.x · Cited by 26
“HvPtr1 shares homology with a gene encoding a protein kinase, NPH1/PHOT1, that encodes one of the major photoreceptors of the signal transduction pathway for phototropism (Briggs and Christie, 2002).”
Background
Impact of artificial illumination on the development of a leafmining moth in urban trees
Schroer, S., Häffner, E., & Hölker, F. (2019) · International Journal of Sustainable Lighting · doi:10.26607/ijsl.v21i1.86 · Cited by 26
“Plants respond to their light environment with stomatal opening, chloroplast movement and individual growth pattern [8-10].”
Background
Functions of Plant Phytochrome Signaling Pathways in Adaptation to Diverse Stresses
Qiu, X., Sun, G., Liu, F., & Hu, W. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241713201 · Cited by 26

Authors: Briggs, W. R., & Christie, J. M.
Affiliations: Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
Corresponding author: Briggs, Winslow R.
ORCID: Christie, John M.
Venue: Trends in Plant Science
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-05
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
Pages: 204-210
ISSN: 1360-1385 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1360-1385(02)02245-8
OpenAlex: W2079139285
Cited by: 785
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 4.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Trends in Plant Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Light effects on plants
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Keywords: phototropin, phot1, phot2, blue light receptor, receptor kinases, phototropism, stomatal opening, UVA, Arabidopsis thaliana, photoreceptor signaling
MeSH terms: Chloroplasts, Eye Proteins, Flavoproteins, Light, Mutation, Oxygen, Phosphoproteins, Plants, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet Rays, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Arabidopsis, Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate, Phototropism, Arabidopsis Proteins, Drosophila Proteins, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Cryptochromes

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Phototropins 1 and 2: versatile plant blue-light receptors

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