Cited by 785Light effects on plantsPlant Molecular Biology ResearchPhotosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms

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Phototropins 1 and 2: versatile plant blue-light receptors

Briggs, Winslow R., Christie, John M.·2002·Trends in Plant Science

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Abstract

Blue and ultraviolet-A light regulate a wide range of responses in plants, including phototropism, chloroplast migration and stomatal opening. However, the photoreceptors for these light responses have been identified only recently. The phototropins (phot1 and phot2) represent a new class of receptor kinases that appear to be exclusive to plants. Recent genetic analysis has shown that phot1 and phot2 exhibit partially overlapping functions in mediating phototropism, chloroplast migration, and stomatal opening in Arabidopsis. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the early photochemical and biochemical events that follow phototropin excitation, the details of how this excitation activates such different responses remain to be elucidated.

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Buttani, V., Losi, A., Eggert, T., Krauß, U., Jaeger, K., Cao, Z., & Gärtner, W. (2006) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/b610375h · Cited by 61
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Silva, T. D., Batista, D. S., Fortini, E. A., de Castro, K. M., Felipe, S. H. S., Fernandes, A. M., Sousa, R. M. D. J., Chagas, K., da Silva, J. V. S., Correia, L. N. F., et al. (2019) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111761 · Cited by 62
An Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase Functions in PHOTOTROPIN1 Signaling in Arabidopis by Altering Cytosolic Ca2+
Chen, X., Lin, W., Wang, Y., Luan, S., & Xue, H. (2008) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.107.052670 · Cited by 61
“In addition to CRY1 and COP1, other photoreceptors, such as PHOT1 and PHOT2, have been identified as functioning in blue light responses (Briggs and Christie, 2002; Briggs, 2007; Cho et al., 2007).”
Background
Photochemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization in a C450A Mutant of the LOV2 Domain of the Avena s ativa Blue-Light Receptor Phototropin
Richter, G., Weber, S., Römisch, W., Bacher, A., Fischer, M. J., & Eisenreich, W. (2005) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja053785n · Cited by 61
Photoprotective function of chloroplast avoidance movement: In vivo chlorophyll fluorescence study
Sztatelman, O., Waloszek, A., Katarzyna Banaś, A., & Gabryś, H. (2010) · Journal of Plant Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2009.12.015 · Cited by 59
“…in light (100 mmol m 2 s 1); antum yield of PSII in strong x: +48 12 664 69 02. ś). angiosperms, only the blue part of the spectrum is responsible for chloroplast positioning, and phototropins are the photoreceptors involved in light perception (Briggs and Christie, 2002; Sakai et al., 2001).”
Background
Lifetimes of Arabidopsis cryptochrome signaling states in vivo
Herbel, V., Orth, C., Wenzel, R., Ahmad, M., Bittl, R., & Batschauer, A. (2013) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/tpj.12144 · Cited by 60
Molecular basis of the functional specificities of phototropin 1 and 2
Aihara, Y., Tabata, R., Suzuki, T., Shimazaki, K., & Nagatani, A. (2008) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03605.x · Cited by 60
“There are two phototropin homologs in Arabidopsis, phot1 and phot2, which share approximately 60% sequence identity (Briggs and Christie, 2002; Jarillo et al., 2001).”
Background
Solar Azo‐Switches for Effective E→Z Photoisomerization by Sunlight
Zhang, Z., Dong, D., Bösking, T., Dang, T., Liu, C., Sun, W., Xie, M., Hecht, S., & Li, T. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202404528 · Cited by 59
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-based fluorescent protein (FbFP) as reporter for gene expression in the anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis
Lobo, L. A., Smith, C. J., & Rocha, E. R. (2011) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02212.x · Cited by 59
“The LOV domains were first identified in plant phototrophins (Huala et al., 1997) where they regulate several physiological processes such as phototropism, chloroplast relocation and stomatal opening (Briggs and Christie, 2002; Celaya and Liscum, 2005).”
Hydrogen peroxide is involved in high blue light-induced chloroplast avoidance movements in Arabidopsis
Wen, F., Xing, D., & Zhang, L. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/ern147 · Cited by 59
“Later, a homologue of phot1 was also isolated from an Arabidopsis mutant defective in the avoidance response and was renamed phot2 (Jarillo et al., 1998; Briggs and Christie, 2002).”
BackgroundInfluential
The Photoinduced Triplet of Flavins and Its Protonation States
Kowalczyk, R. M., Schleicher, E., Bittl, R., & Weber, S. (2004) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja049554i · Cited by 59
AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF THE ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION OF PHOTOTROPINS: BLUE-LIGHT PHOTORECEPTORS CONTROLLING PHOTOTROPISM IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA
Galen, C., Huddle, J. A., & Emmanuel Liscum, A. (2004) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01675.x · Cited by 58
“…mutations disrupt chloroplast aggregation along surfaces perpendicular to incident light in deep shade (phot1) and migration to the cell walls parallel to incident light in full sun (phot2), and cause modest changes in stomatal aperture opening (Kinoshita et al. 2001, Briggs and Christie 2002).”
Background
Localization of the Blue-Light Receptor Phototropin to the Flagella of the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Huang, K., Kunkel, T., & Beck, C. F. (2004) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e04-01-0010 · Cited by 60
“Blue light induces a wide variety of responses in higher and lower plants, many of which are mediated by photoreceptors of the phototropin family (Briggs and Huala, 1999; Christie and Briggs, 2001; Briggs and Christie, 2002).”
Background
Nitrogen Acquisition and Assimilation in Higher Plants
Amâncio, S., & Stulen, I. (2004) · Plant ecophysiology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2728-4 · Cited by 58
Genome Cluster Database. A Sequence Family Analysis Platform for Arabidopsis and Rice
Horan, K., Lauricha, J., Bailey-Serres, J. N., Raikhel, N. V., & Girke, T. (2005) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.104.059048 · Cited by 57
Tomato plants overexpressing cryptochrome 2 reveal altered expression of energy and stress‐related gene products in response to diurnal cues
Lopez, L., Carbone, F., Bianco, L., Giuliano, G., Facella, P., & Perrotta, G. (2011) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02467.x · Cited by 57
“…distinct from photosynthetic pigments (Möglich et al. 2010), including blue/UV-A photoreceptors, cryptochromes/phototropins (Cashmore et al. 1999; Briggs & Christie 2002; Lin & Todo 2005), and red/far-red light photoreceptors, phytochromes (Quail 2002; Franklin, Larner & Whitelam 2005).”
Two Arabidopsis AGC kinases are critical for the polarized growth of pollen tubes
Zhang, Y., He, J., & McCormick, S. M. (2009) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03792.x · Cited by 57
“, 2006), but several other AGC kinases were shown to be associated with membranes despite the lack of discernable membrane-targeting signals (Briggs and Christie, 2002; Lee and Cho, 2006; Zegzouti et al., 2006).”
Background
Phototropin from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is Functional in Arabidopsisthaliana
Onodera, A., Kong, S., Doi, M., Shimazaki, K., Christie, J. M., Mochizuki, N., & Nagatani, A. (2005) · Plant and Cell Physiology · doi:10.1093/pcp/pci037 · Cited by 57
“Another important difference is the higher sensitivity of phot1 to light (Briggs and Christie 2002).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Plant Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase in Adaptation of Plants to Abiotic Stresses
Janicka, M. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/24121 · Cited by 56
Analysis of gas exchange, stomatal behaviour and micronutrients uncovers dynamic response and adaptation of tomato plants to monochromatic light treatments
O’Carrigan, A., Babla, M. H., Wang, F., Liu, X., Mak, M., Thomas, R. G., Bellotti, B., & Chen, Z. (2014) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.05.012 · Cited by 57
Diverting the downhill flow of auxin to steer growth during tropisms
Spalding, E. P. (2013) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.1200420 · Cited by 55
Transcriptome sequencing reveals role of light in promoting anthocyanin accumulation of strawberry fruit
Xu, P., Zawora, C., Li, Y., Wu, J., Liu, L., Liu, Z., Cai, R., & Lian, H. (2018) · Plant Growth Regulation · doi:10.1007/s10725-018-0415-3 · Cited by 56
“1 3 development, shade-avoidance response, flowering time, circadian rhythms, plant defense against UV-B and flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis (Banaś et al. 2012; Briggs and Christie 2002; Chen and Chory 2011; Christie et al. 2012; Kang et al. 2009).”
Background
Functional variations among LOV domains as revealed by FT-IR difference spectroscopy
Bednarz, T., Losi, A., Gärtner, W., Hegemann, P., & Heberle, J. (2004) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/b400976b · Cited by 56
Transduction mechanisms of photoreceptor signals in plant cells
Kreslavski, V. D., Carpentier, R., Klimov, V. V., & Allakhverdiev, S. I. (2009) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C Photochemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2009.04.001 · Cited by 56
Modulating LOV Domain Photodynamics with a Residue Alteration outside the Chromophore Binding Site
Song, S.-H., Freddolino, P. L., Nash, A. I., Carroll, E. C., Schulten, K. J., Gardner, K. H., & Larsen, D. S. (2011) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi200198x · Cited by 55
“Since their initial characterization in phototropins, LOV domains have been found in a wide variety of proteins from plants, algae, fungi and bacteria (13).”
Background
Phototropin is partly involved in blue-light-mediated stem elongation, flower initiation, and leaf expansion: A comparison of phenotypic responses between wild Arabidopsis and its phototropin mutants
Kong, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2019) · Environmental and Experimental Botany · doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103967 · Cited by 53
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a blue light receptor gene MdCRY2 from apple (Malus domestica)
Li, Y., Mao, K., Zhao, C., Zhao, X., Zhang, R., Zhang, H., Shu, H., & Hao, Y. (2013) · Plant Cell Reports · doi:10.1007/s00299-013-1387-4 · Cited by 54
“2005); two classes of blue/UV-A light photoreceptors, phototropins and cryptochromes, which mediate various blue/UV-A light responses (Briggs and Christie 2002; Lin 2000); and the UV-B light receptor UVR8 (Rizzini et al.”
Background
Dynamic control of auxin transport-dependent growth by AGCVIII protein kinases
Barbosa, I. C. R., & Schwechheimer, C. (2014) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2014.09.010 · Cited by 56
“D6 PROTEIN KINASES (D6PK and D6PKLIKE1–D6PKL3) [2], PINOID (PID) and the related WAG1 and WAG2 (PID/WAGs) [3,4,5], as well as the two blue light receptor kinases phototropin1 (phot1) and phot2 (phots) [6] are members of the structurally distinct”
Background
Enhancing the productivity of grasses under high-density planting by engineering light responses: from model systems to feedstocks
Warnasooriya, S., & Brutnell, T. P. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/eru221 · Cited by 55
HRB2 and BBX21 interaction modulates Arabidopsis ABI5 locus and stomatal aperture
Kang, X., Xu, G., Lee, B., Chen, C., Zhang, H., Kuang, R., & Ni, M. (2018) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.13336 · Cited by 53
Light-regulated asexual reproduction in Paecilomyces fumosoroseus
Sánchez-Murillo, R. I., Martínez, M. D. L. T., Aguirre, J., & Herrera‐Estrella, A. (2004) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.26717-0 · Cited by 53
“…observed with the different wavelengths used, together with the data available on other blue light sensors (Lauter, 1996, Linden et al ., 1997; Briggs & Christie, 2002; Gyula et al ., 2003), including the N. crassa WC-1, involved in the control of the circadian clock and other light responses…”
Possible Involvement of Phototropins in Leaf Movement of Kidney Bean in Response to Blue Light
Inoue, S.-I., Kinoshita, T., & Shimazaki, K.-I. (2005) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.105.062026 · Cited by 52
“…(Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants, phototropins, which are receptor-type protein kinases with two light, oxygen, and voltage (LOV) domains (Huala et al., 1997; Briggs and Christie, 2002), were identified as blue light receptors in guard cells (Kinoshita et al., 2001; Doi et al., 2004).”
Background
Coordinated Shoot and Root Responses to Light Signaling in Arabidopsis
Yang, Y., & Liu, H. (2020) · Plant Communications · doi:10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100026 · Cited by 52
“, 2011), blue-light-sensing cryptochromes (CRYs) (Lin, 2002), phototropins (PHOTs) (Briggs and Christie, 2002), and ZTL (ZEITLUPE)/FKF (FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F BOX 1)/LKP2 (LOV KELCH PROTEIN2) (Demarsy and Fankhauser, 2009), and red/far-red light phytochrome (PHY) photoreceptors (Quail, 2002).”
Background
Measurement of Changes in Cytosolic Ca2+ in Arabidopsis Guard Cells and Mesophyll Cells in Response to Blue Light
Harada, A., & Shimazaki, K.-I. (2008) · Plant and Cell Physiology · doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn203 · Cited by 52
Phosphorylation control of PIN auxin transporters
Bassukas, A. E. L., Xiao, Y., & Schwechheimer, C. (2021) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102146 · Cited by 49
Antagonistic Regulation of Leaf Flattening by Phytochrome B and Phototropin in Arabidopsis thaliana
Kozuka, T., Suetsugu, N., Wada, M., & Nagatani, A. (2012) · Plant and Cell Physiology · doi:10.1093/pcp/pcs134 · Cited by 49
“These include phytochrome, phototropin, cryptochrome and ZEITLUPE (ZTL)/FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1 (FKF1)/LOV KELCH PROTEIN2 (LKP2) (Briggs and Christie 2002; Demarsy and Fankhauser 2009; Quail et al. 1995).”
Background
Molecular basis of chloroplast photorelocation movement
Kong, S.-G., & Wada, M. (2016) · Journal of Plant Research · doi:10.1007/s10265-016-0788-1 · Cited by 50
“Arabidopsis encodes two phototropins, phot1 and phot2, that redundantly regulate a variety of adaptive processes (Briggs et al. 2001; Briggs and Christie 2002; Christie 2007).”
Background
Green means go: Green light promotes hypocotyl elongation via brassinosteroid signaling
Hao, Y., Zeng, Z., Zhang, X., Xie, D., Li, X., Ma, L., Liu, M., & Liu, H. (2023) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1093/plcell/koad022 · Cited by 50
The influence of spectral composition on spring and autumn phenology in trees
Brelsford, C. C., Nybakken, L., Kotilainen, T. K., & Robson, T. M. (2019) · Tree Physiology · doi:10.1093/treephys/tpz026 · Cited by 50
Canopy Light Signals and Crop Yield in Sickness and in Health
Casal, J. J. (2013) · ISRN Agronomy · doi:10.1155/2013/650439 · Cited by 51
“Plants have a diverse array of sensory photoreceptors that are involved (or at least predicted to be involved) in the perception of canopy light signals [2, 3]: phytochromes [4], cryptochromes [5], phototropins [6], and UVR8 [7] (Figure 1).”
Background
OsGI controls flowering time by modulating rhythmic flowering time regulators preferentially under short day in rice
Lee, Y., & An, G. (2015) · Journal of Plant Biology · doi:10.1007/s12374-015-0007-y · Cited by 49

Authors: Briggs, W. R., & Christie, J. M.
Affiliations: Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
Corresponding author: Briggs, Winslow R.
ORCID: Christie, John M.
Venue: Trends in Plant Science
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-05
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
Pages: 204-210
ISSN: 1360-1385 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1360-1385(02)02245-8
OpenAlex: W2079139285
Cited by: 785
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 4.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Trends in Plant Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Light effects on plants
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Keywords: phototropin, phot1, phot2, blue light receptor, receptor kinases, phototropism, stomatal opening, UVA, Arabidopsis thaliana, photoreceptor signaling
MeSH terms: Chloroplasts, Eye Proteins, Flavoproteins, Light, Mutation, Oxygen, Phosphoproteins, Plants, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet Rays, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Arabidopsis, Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate, Phototropism, Arabidopsis Proteins, Drosophila Proteins, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Cryptochromes

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Phototropins 1 and 2: versatile plant blue-light receptors

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