Cited by 785Light effects on plantsPlant Molecular Biology ResearchPhotosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms

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Phototropins 1 and 2: versatile plant blue-light receptors

Briggs, Winslow R., Christie, John M.·2002·Trends in Plant Science

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Abstract

Blue and ultraviolet-A light regulate a wide range of responses in plants, including phototropism, chloroplast migration and stomatal opening. However, the photoreceptors for these light responses have been identified only recently. The phototropins (phot1 and phot2) represent a new class of receptor kinases that appear to be exclusive to plants. Recent genetic analysis has shown that phot1 and phot2 exhibit partially overlapping functions in mediating phototropism, chloroplast migration, and stomatal opening in Arabidopsis. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the early photochemical and biochemical events that follow phototropin excitation, the details of how this excitation activates such different responses remain to be elucidated.

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A perspective on ecologically relevant plant-UV research and its practical application
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Exploration of the Effects of Different Blue LED Light Intensities on Flavonoid and Lipid Metabolism in Tea Plants via Transcriptomics and Metabolomics
Wang, P., Chen, S., Gu, M., Chen, X., Chen, X., Yang, J., Zhao, F., & Ye, N. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21134606 · Cited by 104
“Blue light is the major energy source for plant photosynthesis and can be recognized by photoreceptors that regulate plant development [35].”
Background
Unusual reactions mediated by FMN-dependent ene- and nitro-reductases
Durchschein, K., Hall, M., & Faber, K. (2013) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c3gc40588e · Cited by 101
Form, function and environments of the early angiosperms: merging extant phylogeny and ecophysiology with fossils
Feild, T. S., & Arens, N. C. (2005) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01333.x · Cited by 101
Functional Analysis of a 450–Amino Acid N-Terminal Fragment of Phytochrome B in Arabidopsis
Oka, Y., Matsushita, T., Mochizuki, N., Suzuki, T., Tokutomi, S., & Nagatani, A. (2004) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.104.022350 · Cited by 101
Aberrant Expression of the Arabidopsis Circadian-Regulated APRR5 Gene Belonging to the APRR1/TOC1 Quintet Results in Early Flowering and Hypersensitiveness to Light in Early Photomorphogenesis
Sato, E., Nakamichi, N., Yamashino, T., & Mizuno, T. (2002) · Plant and Cell Physiology · doi:10.1093/pcp/pcf166 · Cited by 101
“…of environmental light signals, plants have a number of distinc- D ow nloaded from https://academ ic.oup.com /pcp/article-abstract/43/11/1374/1934951 by guest on 06 February 2019 tive informational photoreceptors (for reviews, see Chory 1997, Cashmore et al. 1999, Briggs and Christie 2002).”
Background
Artificial Lighting System for Plant Growth and Development: Chronological Advancement, Working Principles, and Comparative Assessment
Gupta, S. D., & Agarwal, A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5807-3_1 · Cited by 99
Transcription factors in microalgae: genome-wide prediction and comparative analysis
Thiriet-Rupert, S., Carrier, G., Chénais, B., Trottier, C., Bougaran, G., Cadoret, J., Schoefs, B., & Saint‐Jean, B. (2016) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2610-9 · Cited by 101
Conformational Changes in a Photosensory LOV Domain Monitored by Time-Resolved NMR Spectroscopy
Harper, S. M., Neil, L. C., Day, I. J., Hore, P. J., & Gardner, K. H. (2004) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja038224f · Cited by 98
Vibrational Spectroscopy of an Algal Phot-LOV1 Domain Probes the Molecular Changes Associated with Blue-Light Reception
Ataka, K., Hegemann, P., & Heberle, J. (2003) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(03)74866-8 · Cited by 98
“Blue-light reception in plants leads to phototropic plant movement, chloroplast relocation, and opening of stomatal guard cells (see Briggs and Christie, 2002, for a recent review).”
Background
Primary Inhibition of Hypocotyl Growth and Phototropism Depend Differently on Phototropin-Mediated Increases in Cytoplasmic Calcium Induced by Blue Light
Folta, K. M., Lieg, E. J., Brooks, T. D., & Spalding, E. P. (2003) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.103.024372 · Cited by 96
“…(phototropin 1 [phot1] and phototropin 2 [phot2]) are lightactivated kinases that initiate phototropic responses of stems (Briggs and Huala, 1999; Briggs and Christie, 2002), opening of stomata (Kinoshita et al., 2001), irradiance-dependent movements of chloroplasts (Sakai et al., 2001; Kagawa…”
Background
The bacterial counterparts of plant phototropins
Losi, A. (2004) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/b400728j · Cited by 97
Illuminating topics in plant photobiology
Spalding, E. P., & Folta, K. M. (2004) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01282.x · Cited by 97
Light Stress Responses and Prospects for Engineering Light Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants
Yang, B., Tang, J., Yu, Z., Khare, T. R., Srivastav, A., Datir, S. S., & Kumar, V. (2019) · Journal of Plant Growth Regulation · doi:10.1007/s00344-019-09951-8 · Cited by 103
Increased exposure to UV‐B radiation during early development leads to enhanced photoprotection and improved long‐term performance in Lactuca sativa
Wargent, J. J., ELFADLY, E. M., MOORE, J. P., & PAUL, N. D. (2011) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02342.x · Cited by 96
“Plant responses to blue light include phototropism, control of stomatal opening and control of circadian rhythms (Briggs & Christie 2002; Eisinger et al. 2003), and because blue light is also inhibitory to the sporulation of many plant fungal pathogens (Ensminger 1993), spectral filters that modify…”
Background
The LOV domain: a chromophore module servicing multiple photoreceptors
Briggs, W. R. (2007) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1007/s11373-007-9162-6 · Cited by 95
“These two phototropins (phot1 and phot2) are now known to be the photoreceptors for phototropism, chloroplast movement, leaf expansion, rapid growth inhibition, and stomatal opening [ 11 ].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Listening to the blue: the time-resolved thermodynamics of the bacterial blue-light receptor YtvA and its isolated LOV domain
Losi, A., Quest, B., & Gärtner, W. (2003) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/b301782f · Cited by 96
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the circadian clock of cyanobacteria and NeurosporaPreprint
Brunner, M., & Schafmeier, T. (2006) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1410406 · Cited by 95
“WC-1 contains a LOV domain, similar to the LOV domain of phototropins, the flavin-dependent blue light photoreceptors in plants (Briggs and Christie 2002).”
Background
Quantum yield of triplet formation of riboflavin in aqueous solution and of flavin mononucleotide bound to the LOV1 domain of Phot1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Islam, S. D.-M., Penzkofer, А., & Hegemann, P. (2003) · Chemical Physics · doi:10.1016/s0301-0104(03)00187-3 · Cited by 95
Photoexcited Cryptochrome2 Interacts Directly with TOE1 and TOE2 in Flowering Regulation
Du, S., Li, L., Li, L., Wei, X., Xu, F., Xu, P., Wang, W., Xu, P., Cao, X., Miao, L., et al. (2020) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.20.00486 · Cited by 94
“…(RL)/far-red-light (FRL) receptors phytochromes (Quail, 2002); the blue-light receptors cryptochromes (CRYs; Cashmore et al., 1999), phototropins (Briggs and Christie, 2002), and LOV/F-box/Kelch-domain proteins (Ito et al., 2012); and the UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 (Rizzini et al., 2011; Christie…”
Background
Light-Triggered Proton and Electron Transfer in Flavin Cofactors
Li, G., & Glusac, K. D. (2008) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/jp7117218 · Cited by 94
Sugar and Light Effects on the Condition of the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Arabidopsis thaliana Cultured in vitro
Eckstein, A., Zięba, P., & Gabryś, H. (2011) · Journal of Plant Growth Regulation · doi:10.1007/s00344-011-9222-z · Cited by 93
CRYPTOCHROME2 in Vascular Bundles Regulates Flowering in Arabidopsis
Endo, M., Mochizuki, N., Suzuki, T., & Nagatani, A. (2007) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.106.048157 · Cited by 93
“To perceive light signals, plants use a set of photoreceptors, including blue/UV-A photoreceptors, cryptochromes (cry) (Cashmore et al., 1999), and phototropins (Briggs and Christie, 2002), and red/far-red light photoreceptors, phytochromes (phy) (Quail, 2002).”
Background
Competing neighbors: light perception and root function
Gundel, P. E., Pierik, R., Mommer, L., & Ballaré, C. L. (2014) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-014-2983-x · Cited by 90
DFL2, a New Member of the Arabidopsis GH3 Gene Family, is Involved in Red Light-Specific Hypocotyl Elongation
Takase, T., Nakazawa, M., Ishikawa, A., Manabe, K., & Matsui, M. (2003) · Plant and Cell Physiology · doi:10.1093/pcp/pcg130 · Cited by 95
“Two cryptochromes and two phototropic receptors (Phot1 and Phot2) have been identified for blue light perception and their molecular functions characterized in detail (Briggs and Huala 1999, Briggs and Christie 2002).”
Background
Identification of ASK and clock-associated proteins as molecular partners of LKP2 (LOV kelch protein 2) in Arabidopsis
Yasuhara, M. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erh226 · Cited by 88
Blue light inhibits guard cell plasma membrane anion channels in a phototropin‐dependent manner
Marten, H., Hedrich, R., & Roelfsema, M. R. G. (2007) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.03026.x · Cited by 88
“Guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana sense blue light through two phototropin receptor kinases (Briggs and Christie, 2002; Kinoshita et al., 2001) associated with the plasma membrane (Harada et al., 2003; Sakamoto and Briggs, 2002).”
BackgroundInfluential
Design and fabrication of adjustable red-green-blue LED light arrays for plant research
Folta, K. M., Koss, L. L., McMorrow, R., Kim, H.-H., Kenitz, J. D., Wheeler, R. M., & Sager, J. C. (2005) · BMC Plant Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2229-5-17 · Cited by 88
“In Arabidopsis phototropism is blue light induced and is mediated by the phototropins, autophosphorylating serine-threonine kinases associated with the plasma membrane [29].”
Background
Mutational Analysis of Phototropin 1 Provides Insights into the Mechanism Underlying LOV2 Signal Transmission
Jones, M. A., Feeney, K. A., Kelly, S. M., & Christie, J. M. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m605969200 · Cited by 86
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Protein Kinases Fpk1p and Fpk2p are Novel Regulators of Phospholipid Asymmetry
Nakano, K., Yamamoto, T. G., Kishimoto, T., Noji, T., & Tanaka, K. (2008) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e07-07-0646 · Cited by 86
“The kinase domain of Fpk1p is also homologous to proteins from other organisms: NRC-2 (72% identical and 84% homologous) is a negative regulator of the conidiation program in Neurospora crassa (Kothe and Free, 1998); phototropin-1 (47% identical and 64% homologous) and phototropin-2 (48% identical and 65% homologous)…”
Background
Environmental control of plant nuclear gene expression by chloroplast redox signals
Pfalz, J., Liebers, M., Hirth, M., Grübler, B., Holtzegel, U., Schröter, Y., Dietzel, L., & Pfannschmidt, T. (2012) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2012.00257 · Cited by 85
“These responses are regulated by a battery of photoreceptors which detect wavelengths and fluency rates of incident light such as the red/far-red light detecting phytochrome family (Smith, 1995), the blue light detecting cryptochromes and phototropins (Briggs and Christie, 2002; Lin and Shalitin, 2003), or the recentl…”
Background
Red/blue light ratios induce morphology and physiology alterations differently in cucumber and tomato
Liang, Y., Kang, C., Kaiser, E., Yu, K., Yang, Q., & Li, T. (2021) · Scientia Horticulturae · doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2021.109995 · Cited by 82
Structural and Functional Insights into the Regulation of Arabidopsis AGC VIIIa Kinases*
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Ultraviolet A-specific induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis and PAL expression in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
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“Until now, three types of photoreceptors have been characterized, including phytochromes mediating red or far-red light (Quail 1994), UVA/blue photoreceptors, and UV-B photoreceptors (Briggs and Christie 2002).”
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Identification of Cyanobacteriochromes Detecting Far-Red Light
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Tissue-Autonomous Promotion of Palisade Cell Development by Phototropin 2 inArabidopsis
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A Synthetic Cytokinin Improves Photosynthesis in Rice under Drought Stress by Modulating the Abundance of Proteins Related to Stomatal Conductance, Chlorophyll Contents, and Rubisco Activity
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Molecular structure and regulation of phototropin kinase by blue light
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Light signaling genes and their manipulation towards modulation of phytonutrient content in tomato fruits
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Authors: Briggs, W. R., & Christie, J. M.
Affiliations: Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
Corresponding author: Briggs, Winslow R.
ORCID: Christie, John M.
Venue: Trends in Plant Science
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-05
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
Pages: 204-210
ISSN: 1360-1385 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1360-1385(02)02245-8
OpenAlex: W2079139285
Cited by: 785
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 4.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Trends in Plant Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Light effects on plants
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Keywords: phototropin, phot1, phot2, blue light receptor, receptor kinases, phototropism, stomatal opening, UVA, Arabidopsis thaliana, photoreceptor signaling
MeSH terms: Chloroplasts, Eye Proteins, Flavoproteins, Light, Mutation, Oxygen, Phosphoproteins, Plants, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet Rays, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Arabidopsis, Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate, Phototropism, Arabidopsis Proteins, Drosophila Proteins, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Cryptochromes

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Phototropins 1 and 2: versatile plant blue-light receptors

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