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Amnestic sleep-related eating disorder associated with zolpidem
Abstract
Objective To describe the association of amnestic nocturnal eating behavior with use of zolpidem for insomnia.Background Sleep-related eating disorder is increasingly recognized in relationship to other diagnosable sleep disorders. Many of these disorders, like restless legs syndrome (RLS), give rise to complaints of insomnia. Zolpidem is the most commonly prescribed drug for insomnia complaints, and although it has sometimes been associated with side effects of transient amnesia and sleep walking, an association with sleep-related eating has not been previously emphasized.Methods Consecutive case series of five patients who were using zolpidem and evaluated with nocturnal eating behaviors.Results We evaluated five patients over 11 months with problematic amnestic nocturnal eating associated with zolpidem used for complaints of insomnia. All five patients had RLS, three had obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, two had sleep walking, and one had psychophysiologic insomnia. With discontinuation of zolpidem and effective treatment of their sleep disorders, nocturnal eating resolved.Conclusions Zolpidem, at least in patients with underlying sleep disorders that cause frequent arousals, may cause or augment sleep-related eating behavior. This report demonstrates the importance of arriving at a specific diagnosis for insomnia complaints, and alerts the sleep practitioner to this unusual side effect of zolpidem.
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“Withdrawal syndromes after decrease or discontinuation of antidepressants may be associated with additional clinical manifestations. They include modifications of the illness course, such as switching to mania or other forms of excessive behavioral activations [24], but also loss of clinical effects and refractoriness to treatment; they have been reported with SSRI and SNRI [5, 6, 27].”
From Acute and Persistent Withdrawal Syndromes Following Discontinuation of Psychotropic Medications (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
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Chapter 87 – Pharmacologic Treatment of Insomnia: Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists
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Mahowald, M. W. (2004) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2004.01.003 · Cited by 14
[Sleep related eating disorders as a side effect of zolpidem].
Valiensi, S. M., Cristiano, E., Martínez, O. A., Reisin, R. C., & Alvarez, F. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 13
Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Insomnia
Rosenthal, L. D., Dolan, D. C., Taylor, D. J., & Grieser, E. (2008) · Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings · doi:10.1080/08998280.2008.11928409 · Cited by 13
Malhotra, R. K., & Avidan, A. Y. (2012) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2012.08.016 · Cited by 13
“Use of hypnotics along with cessation of smoking or alcohol have also been reported as triggers.(30) There is a female predominance, with the mean age of onset at 22 to 29 years of age.”
BackgroundDuke, A. N., Platt, D. M., Cook, J. M., Huang, S., Yin, W., Mattingly, B. A., & Rowlett, J. K. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0431-2 · Cited by 13
“The clinical use of BZs is associated with several unwanted side effects, one of which is increased food intake which can result in weight gain, decreased patient compliance, and nighttime bingeing (cf. Morgenthaler and Silber 2002).”
BackgroundZolpidem-Associated Parasomnia with Serious Self-Injury: A Shot in the Dark
Gibson, C. E., & Caplan, J. P. (2011) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2010.11.015 · Cited by 13
Kouri, I., Junna, M. R., & Lipford, M. C. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/wnp.0000000000000934 · Cited by 12
Lee, J., Hwang, S. J., Ham, S. L., Kim, J., Bang, H. J., Park, J., Jang, H.-H., Kim, T. Y., Park, J. W., Seo, Y. R., et al. (2024) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c06923 · Cited by 12
Current Clinical Practice of Insomnia
Choi, H. Y., & Lim, W. (2013) · Ewha Medical Journal · doi:10.12771/emj.2013.36.2.84 · Cited by 12
“또한 졸림, 어지러 움 등의 부작용이 나타날 수 있으며, 수면 중 식사, 청소, 운전 등 이상행동이 보고되었는데 이 경우 환자는 본인의 행동을 기억하 지 못한다[32].”
Zolpidem-Induced Compulsive Evening Eating Behavior
Kim, H. K., Kwon, J. T., Baek, J., Park, D. S., & Yang, K. I. (2013) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0b013e31829dd448 · Cited by 12
Sleep Related Amnestic Behaviors due to Zolpidem
Cubała, W. J., & Gabrielsson, A. (2014) · Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.5455/bcp.20130527020102 · Cited by 11
Sleep-Related Eating Disorder Associated With Mirtazapine
Jeong, J., & Bahk, W. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000000216 · Cited by 11
“An important note is that our overall rates of fatal outcomes in our cohort are higher than what was identified by Stephansson et al.(3) This could be a manifestation of our cohort being derived from a single specialist tertiary level teaching hospital that is likely to attract high-risk pregnancies,(2) as opposed to…”
ResultInfluentialConductas complejas durante el sueño inducidas por zolpidem
Pérez-Díaz, H., Iranzo, Á., & Santamaría, J. (2010) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2010.07.001 · Cited by 10
Transient Global Amnesia-like Episode Due to Mistaken Intake of Zolpidem
Tsai, M.-Y., Tsai, M., Yang, S.-C., Tseng, Y., & Chuang, Y. (2009) · Journal of Patient Safety · doi:10.1097/pts.0b013e3181990d62 · Cited by 10
Managing Insomnia in Older People
Woodward, M. C. (2007) · Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research · doi:10.1002/j.2055-2335.2007.tb00754.x · Cited by 10
Hypnotic drug risks of mortality, infection, depression, and cancer: but lack of benefit
Kripke, D. F. (2017) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.8729.2 · Cited by 12
Parasomnias Occurring in Non–Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
Silber, M. H. (2020) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/con.0000000000000877 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Morgenthaler, T. I., & Silber, M. H.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Morgenthaler, Timothy I
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-07
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 323-327
- ISSN
- 1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2162977548
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Restless Legs Syndrome Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- sleep-related eating disorder, zolpidem, drug-induced amnesia, insomnia, restless legs syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, sleepwalking, hypnotic side effects
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