Preliminary observations on the effects of sleep time in a sleep restriction paradigm
Abstract
Objective To evaluate of the effect of 7 days of sleep restriction--with sleep placed at the beginning of night or early morning hours - on sleep variables, maintenance of wakefulness test, and serum leptin.Methods After screening young adults with questionnaires and actigraphy for 1 week, eight young adult males were recruited to participate in a sleep restriction study. The subjects were studied for baseline data for 2.5 days, with 8.5 h per night in bed, and then over 7 days of sleep restriction to 4 h per night with a 22:30 h bedtime for half the group and a 02:15 h bedtime for the other half. At the end of study, after one night of ad libitum sleep, subjects again had 2 days of 8.5 h in bed. Wakefulness was continuously verified and tests, including Maintenance of Wakefulness (MWT), were performed during the scheduled wake time. Blood was drawn six times throughout the 24 h of the 7th day of sleep restriction and after 2 days of the post-restriction schedule.Results There was individual variability in response to sleep restriction, but independent of group distribution, MWT was significantly affected by sleep restriction, with the early morning sleep group having less decrease in MWT score. Sleep efficiency was also better in this group, which also had shorter sleep latency. Independent of group distribution there was a greater increase in the percentage of slow wave sleep than rapid eye movement sleep, despite a clear internal variability and variability between subjects. Peak serum leptin was significantly decreased with 7 days of sleep restriction for all subjects.Conclusion Sleep restriction to 4 h affected all subjects, but there were individual and group differences in MWT and sleep data. In this group of young adult males (mean age 19 years), there was a better overall adaptation to the early morning sleep, perhaps related to the general tendency in most adolescents to present some phase-delay during late teen-aged years.
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Three studies that enforced similar food intake and measured leptin at more than two time points in normal-weight men all found decreased leptin after sleep loss.
“Three studies assessed leptin at more than 2 time points in a rested sleep condition and in a sleep restriction condition in normal-weight men after similar food intake had been enforced in both conditions. All found decreased levels of anorexigenic leptin after sleep loss [62, 161, 162].”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [62]
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- Authors
- Guilleminault, C., Powell, N. B., Martinez, S., Kushida, C., Raffray, T., Palombini, L., & Philip, P.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Guilleminault, Christian
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-05
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 177-184
- ISSN
- 1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2103610654
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- sleep restriction, bedtime timing, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, slow-wave sleep, REM sleep, serum leptin, circadian phase, interindividual variability, young men
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Eating, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Snoring, Wakefulness, Polysomnography, Leptin
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