Does inadequate sleep play a role in vulnerability to obesity?
Open accessAbstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide, which is cause for concern because obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, reduces life expectancy, and impairs quality of life. A better understanding of the risk factors for obesity is therefore a critical global health concern, and human biologists can play an important role in identifying these risk factors in various populations. The objective of this review is to present the evidence that inadequate sleep may be a novel risk factor associated with increased vulnerability to obesity and associated cardiometabolic disease. Experimental studies have found that short‐term sleep restriction is associated with impaired glucose metabolism, dysregulation of appetite, and increased blood pressure. Observational studies have observed cross‐sectional associations between short sleep duration (generally <6 h per night) and increased body mass index or obesity, prevalent diabetes, and prevalent hypertension. Some studies also reported an association between self‐reported long sleep duration (generally >8 h per night) and cardiometabolic disease. A few prospective studies have found a significant increased risk of weight gain, incident diabetes, and incident hypertension associated with inadequate sleep. Given the potential link between inadequate sleep and obesity, a critical next step is to identify the social, cultural, and environmental determinants of sleep, which would help to identify vulnerable populations. Future human biology research should consider variation in sleep characteristics among different populations and determine whether the associations between sleep and obesity observed in Western populations persist elsewhere. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Several high-quality narrative reviews of existing epidemiological evidence have concluded that short sleep duration is undoubtedly associated with, and perhaps causally linked with, increased susceptibility to obesity.
“Several high-quality narrative reviews of the existing epidemiological evidence have similarly concluded that short sleep duration is undoubtedly associated with, and perhaps causally linked with, increased susceptibility to obesity.[83][84][85]”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [83]
Sleep deprivation alters glucose homeostasis, leading to insulin resistance and risk of diabetes.
“Sleep deprivation alters glucose homeostasis, leading to insulin resistance and risk of diabetes(17, 18, 24, 59-61).”
From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [18]
Many studies have found associations between sleep duration and adiposity and obesity.
“Many studies have found associations between sleep duration and adiposity and obesity.39–41”
From Sleep, Health, and Society (2017) · cites this paper as [41]
Self-reported short and long sleep duration have been associated with elevated risk of obesity in both children and adults.
“Both self-reported short and long sleep duration have been associated with elevated risk of obesity in both children and adults[1-7]”
From Habitual sleep duration associated with self-reported and objectively determined cardiometabolic risk factors (2014) · cites this paper as [3]
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Flagged first, then by citations
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BackgroundMethodAn integrative review of sleep for nutrition professionals
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- Authors
- Knutson, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Knutson, Kristen L.
- ORCID
- Knutson, Kristen L.
- Venue
- American Journal of Human Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-01-24
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 361-371
- ISSN
- 1042-0533 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6300
- PMC
- PMC3323702
- OpenAlex
- W2067625286
- Cited by
- 241
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Human Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P30HL101859)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- insufficient sleep, sleep duration, obesity, obesity risk factors, cardiometabolic disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glucose metabolism, appetite regulation, blood pressure, body mass index, weight gain, long sleep, vulnerable populations
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Appetite Regulation, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Obesity, Risk Factors, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Weight Gain, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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