Sleep Restriction Is Associated With Increased Morning Plasma Leptin Concentrations, Especially in Women
Open accessAbstract
Study Objectives: We evaluated the effects of sleep restriction on leptin levels in a large, diverse sample of healthy participants, while allowing free access to food. Methods: Prospective experimental design. After 2 nights of baseline sleep, 136 participants (49% women, 56% African Americans) received 5 consecutive nights of 4 hours time in bed (TIB). Additionally, one subset of participants received 2 additional nights of either further sleep restriction (n = 27) or increased sleep opportunity (n = 37). Control participants (n = 9) received 10 hr TIB on all study nights. Plasma leptin was measured between 10:30 a.m. and 12:00 noon following baseline sleep, after the initial sleep-restriction period, and after 2 nights of further sleep restriction or recovery sleep. Results: Leptin levels increased significantly among sleep-restricted participants after 5 nights of 4 hr TIB (Z = -8.43, p < .001). Increases were significantly greater among women compared to men (Z = -4.77, p < .001) and among participants with higher body mass index (BMI) compared to those with lower (Z = -2.09, p = .036), though participants in all categories (sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, and age) demonstrated significant increases. There was also a significant effect of allowed TIB on leptin levels following the 2 additional nights of sleep restriction (p < .001). Participants in the control condition showed no significant changes in leptin levels. Conclusions: These findings suggest that sleep restriction with ad libitum access to food significantly increases morning plasma leptin levels, particularly among women.
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Four studies with ad libitum food access before or during leptin assessment found unchanged or increased leptin after sleep restriction.
“The four studies that provided ad libitum food access prior to or during leptin assessments found unchanged or increased leptin levels after sleep restriction [11, 116, 146, 154].”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [154]
Morning leptin levels increased after 5 nights of 4h in bed compared with baseline, particularly in women and participants with elevated BMI.
“a study that measured morning leptin levels in 136 healthy subjects (49% women, 56% African Americans) after 2 nights of baseline sleep and after 5 subsequent nights of 4h in bed, while allowing free access to food, found increased leptin levels after sleep restriction, particularly in women and in participants with elevated BMI [51].”
From Role of sleep duration in the regulation of glucose metabolism and appetite (2010) · cites this paper as [51]
With ad libitum food, partial or total sleep deprivation may not change hunger ratings but likely increases food intake.
“If food is provided ad libitum, partial or total sleep deprivation may not change hunger ratings, while likely increasing food intake.99,117,120”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [120]
The effects of sleep restriction on leptin levels in subsequent studies have been mixed, with some studies reporting an increase and others reporting no significant difference after sleep restriction.
“The effects of sleep restriction on leptin levels in subsequent studies have been mixed, with some studies reporting an increase in leptin [25, 41–45] while others reported no significant difference [33, 46–51] after sleep restriction.”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Simpson, N. S., Banks, S., & Dinges, D. F.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- University of South Australia (AU)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Simpson, Norah S.
- Venue
- Biological Research For Nursing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-05-07
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 47-53
- ISSN
- 1099-8004 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4175
- PMC
- PMC3564645
- OpenAlex
- W2130374874
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Research For Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (F31AG031352)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (NR004281, R01NR004281)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024134)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep restriction, leptin, plasma leptin, sex differences, body mass index, time in bed, sleep deprivation, African Americans
- MeSH terms
- Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Male, Sleep Deprivation, Cohort Studies, Leptin
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