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Gefitinib versus cisplatin plus docetaxel in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (WJTOG3405): an open label, randomised phase 3 trial
Abstract
Background Patients with non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene respond well to the EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. However, whether gefitinib is better than standard platinum doublet chemotherapy in patients selected by EGFR mutation is uncertain.Methods We did an open label, phase 3 study (WJTOG3405) with recruitment between March 31, 2006, and June 22, 2009, at 36 centres in Japan. 177 chemotherapy-naive patients aged 75 years or younger and diagnosed with stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer or postoperative recurrence harbouring EGFR mutations (either the exon 19 deletion or L858R point mutation) were randomly assigned, using a minimisation technique, to receive either gefitinib (250 mg/day orally; n=88) or cisplatin (80 mg/m(2), intravenously) plus docetaxel (60 mg/m(2), intravenously; n=89), administered every 21 days for three to six cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. Survival analysis was done with the modified intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with UMIN (University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan), number 000000539.Findings Five patients were excluded (two patients were found to have thyroid and colon cancer after randomisation, one patient had an exon 18 mutation, one patient had insufficient consent, and one patient showed acute allergic reaction to docetaxel). Thus, 172 patients (86 in each group) were included in the survival analyses. The gefitinib group had significantly longer progression-free survival compared with the cisplatin plus docetaxel goup, with a median progression-free survival time of 9.2 months (95% CI 8.0-13.9) versus 6.3 months (5.8-7.8; HR 0.489, 95% CI 0.336-0.710, log-rank p<0.0001). Myelosuppression, alopecia, and fatigue were more frequent in the cisplatin plus docetaxel group, but skin toxicity, liver dysfunction, and diarrhoea were more frequent in the gefitinib group. Two patients in the gefitinib group developed interstitial lung disease (incidence 2.3%), one of whom died.Interpretation Patients with lung cancer who are selected by EGFR mutations have longer progression-free survival if they are treated with gefitinib than if they are treated with cisplatin plus docetaxel.Funding West Japan Oncology Group (WJOG): a non-profit organisation supported by unrestricted donations from several pharmaceutical companies.
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“have shown improved efficacy and tolerability compared with chemotherapy in numerous phase III trials”
From Afatinib for the treatment of EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC: A review of clinical findings (2020) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“In clinical trials, the incidence of all-grade liver injury due to different smallmolecule targeted drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors is reportedly 5-55% [144-149].”
From Chinese guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced liver injury: an update (2024) · cites this paper as [145]
In the citing paper
“Eight randomised controlled phase III trials (table 1) have demonstrated that first-generation or second-generation EGFR-TKIs represent the best first-line treatment option in patients with advanced NSCLC whose tumours harbour EGFR mutations, when compared with chemotherapy, because they significantly improved the RR and progression-free survival (PFS).4–11”
From Mechanisms of resistance to EGFR-targeted drugs: lung cancer (2016) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Unfortunately, whilst patients with EGFRm+ tumors typically show good initial responses to first generation TKIs, most patients who respond to therapy ultimately develop disease progression after about 9-14 months of treatment (7-11).”
From AZD9291, an Irreversible EGFR TKI, Overcomes T790M-Mediated Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in Lung Cancer (2014) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Most patients whose tumors harbor exon 19 deletions or L858R EGFR activating mutations have radiographic responses to monotherapy with the reversible adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib 17–23 and the irreversible EGFR TKI afatinib 24.”
From Structural, Biochemical, and Clinical Characterization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Exon 20 Insertion Mutations in Lung Cancer (2013) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“Several randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that EGFR TKIs are more effective, as measured by response rate (RR) and progression free survival (PFS), than chemotherapy when used as initial systemic treatment for advanced EGFR mutant NSCLC (1, 4–9).”
From EGFR Mutations and Resistance to Irreversible Pyrimidine-Based EGFR Inhibitors (2015) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Several other trials conducted in Asia confirmed the superiority of Gefitinib over chemotherapy in EGFR-mutated patients [16, 44, 64].”
From A decade of EGFR inhibition in EGFR-mutated non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Old successes and future perspectives (2015) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Targeted therapies for these lung cancers were established based on 7 phase III randomized trials.5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11”
From Not all epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer are created equal: Perspectives for individualized treatment strategy (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Randomized phase III trials have demonstrated the superiority of these TKI, in terms of progression free survival (PFS), to conventional chemotherapy in patients with lung cancers harboring EGFR mutations.5, 6, 11”
From Not all epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer are created equal: Perspectives for individualized treatment strategy (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Evidence of these common mutations has been developed in prospective trials: gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib showed ORR of approximately 60% and PFS of 9–13 months.5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11”
From Not all epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer are created equal: Perspectives for individualized treatment strategy (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Despite high tumor response rates with first-line EGFR-TKIs, disease progresses in a majority of patients after 9 to 13 months of treatment.5–12”
From Osimertinib or Platinum–Pemetrexed in EGFR T790M–Positive Lung Cancer (2017) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Several studies have consistently demonstrated that the EGFR TKIs (gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib) produce higher RRs, longer PFS and improve QoL compared with standard platinum-based doublet chemotherapy in patients with good PS (PS 0-2), whose tumour harbours an activating (sensitising) EGFR mutation [105-112].”
From Metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up (2016) · cites this paper as [109]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mitsudomi, T., Morita, S., Yatabe, Y., Negoro, S., Okamoto, I., Tsurutani, J., Seto, T., Satouchi, M., Tada, H., Hirashima, T., Asami, K., Katakami, N., Takada, M., Yoshioka, H., Shibata, K., Kudoh, S., Shimizu, E., Saito, H., Toyooka, S., Nakagawa, K., & Fukuoka, M.
- Affiliations
- Aichi Cancer Center (JP)
- Yokohama City University Medical Center (JP)
- Hyogo Prefectural Cancer Center (JP)
- Kindai University (JP)
- National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center (JP)
- Osaka City General Hospital (JP)
- Osaka Habikino Medical Center (JP)
- NHO Kinki Chuo Chest Medical Center (JP)
- Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital (JP)
- Kurashiki Central Hospital (JP)
- Kouseiren Takaoka Hospital (JP)
- Osaka City University (JP)
- Tottori University (JP)
- Okayama University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Mitsudomi, Tetsuya
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet Oncology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 121-128
- ISSN
- 1470-2045 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2129360604
- Cited by
- 4,090
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 140 · 2022: 211 · 2021: 228 · 2020: 236 · 2019: 264 · 2018: 318 · 2017: 329 · 2016: 312 · 2015: 382 · 2014: 372 · 2013: 352 · 2012: 300
- FWCI
- 187.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- Sanofi
- European Society for Medical Oncology
- Chugai Pharmaceutical
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Lung Cancer Research Studies
- Keywords
- gefitinib, non-small cell lung cancer, EGFR mutation, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, exon 19 deletion, L858R mutation, progression-free survival, platinum-based chemotherapy, first-line therapy, myelosuppression, postoperative recurrence
- MeSH terms
- Docetaxel, Gefitinib, Aged, Antineoplastic Agents, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Cisplatin, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Quinazolines, Taxoids, ErbB Receptors
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