The DOI matches its Crossref record; 138 of the 140 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and management
Abstract
The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease rests on the identification of the characteristics related to dopamine deficiency that are a consequence of degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta. However, non-dopaminergic and non-motor symptoms are sometimes present before diagnosis and almost inevitably emerge with disease progression. Indeed, non-motor symptoms dominate the clinical picture of advanced Parkinson's disease and contribute to severe disability, impaired quality of life, and shortened life expectancy. By contrast with the dopaminergic symptoms of the disease, for which treatment is available, non-motor symptoms are often poorly recognised and inadequately treated. However, attention is now being focused on the recognition and quantitation of non-motor symptoms, which will form the basis of improved treatments. Some non-motor symptoms, including depression, constipation, pain, genitourinary problems, and sleep disorders, can be improved with available treatments. Other non-motor symptoms can be more refractory and need the introduction of novel non-dopaminergic drugs. Inevitably, the development of treatments that can slow or prevent the progression of Parkinson's disease and its multicentric neurodegeneration provides the best hope of curing non-motor symptoms.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Indeed, non-motor symptoms dominate the clinical picture of PD”
From Distant delivery of a mindfulness-based intervention for people with Parkinson's disease: The study protocol of a randomised pilot trial (2017) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“and contribute to severe disability, impaired quality of life, and shortened life expectancy [2].”
From Distant delivery of a mindfulness-based intervention for people with Parkinson's disease: The study protocol of a randomised pilot trial (2017) · cites this paper as [2]
Citations
Cites
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Johns, M. W. (1991) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/14.6.540 · Cited by 17,364
Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease
Braak, H., Tredici, K. D., Rüb, U., de Vos, R. A. I., Jansen Steur, E. N. H., & Braak, E. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00065-9 · Cited by 10,777
Hughes, A. J., Daniel, S. E., Kilford, L., & Lees, A. J. (1992) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.55.3.181 · Cited by 10,378
Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_184495 · Cited by 3,071
Parkinson, J. (2002) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.14.2.223 · Cited by 2,856
Recent developments in Parkinson's disease
Fahn, S., Elton, R., MARSDEN, C. D., Calne, D. B., & Goldstein, M. (1986) · Raven Press eBooks · Cited by 2,306
Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop
Parent, A., & Hazrati, L.-N. (1995) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(94)00007-c · Cited by 2,161
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Chaudhuri, 2004, The holistic management of Parkinson's using a novel non-motor symptom scale and questionnaire, Adv Clin Neurosci Rehab, 4, 20
- Gulati, 2004, A clinical observational study of the pattern and occurrence of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease ranging from early to advanced disease, Mov Disord, 19, S406
- Abbott, 2005, Excessive daytime sleepiness and the future risk of Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 20, S101
- Doder, 2000, Brain serotonin 5HT1A receptors in Parkinson's disease with and without depression measured by positron emission tomography with 11C-WAY 10635, Mov Disord, 15, 213
- Diederich, 2005, Repeated visual hallucinations in Parkisnon's disease as disturbed external/internal perceptions: focused review and a new integrative model, Mov Disord, 20, 130, 10.1002/mds.20308 · DOI
- Tyvaert, 2005, Sexual dysfunction and sub-thalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease, Park Related Disord, 11, 116
- Isaacson, 2005, Non-motor symptoms frequently herald end-of-dose wearing off in Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 20, S52
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,008
Artificial intelligence in Parkinson's disease: Early detection and diagnostic advancements
Reddy, A. P., Reddy, R. P., Roghani, A. K., Garcia, R. I., Khemka, S., Pattoor, V., Jacob, M., Reddy, P. H., & Sehar, U. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102410 · Cited by 72
Park, J., Lim, C., Seo, H., Park, C.-A., Zhuo, M., Kaang, B., & Lee, K. (2015) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1186/s12990-015-0026-1 · Cited by 65
“About 40-60 % of patients with PD experience various types of acute or chronic pain [1].”
BackgroundL-Dopa and Brain Serotonin System Dysfunction
Stansley, B. J., & Yamamoto, B. K. (2015) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics3010075 · Cited by 73
“symptoms are associated with PD itself, such as depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and cognitive impairments [10]; all of which greatly impact the overall quality of life of the patient.”
BackgroundClinical correlates of periodic limb movements in sleep in Parkinson's disease
Covassin, N., Neikrug, A. B., Liu, L., Corey‐Bloom, J., Loredo, J. S., Palmer, B. W., Maglione, J. E., & Ancoli‐Israel, S. (2012) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.01.004 · Cited by 68
“We observed a higher proportion of PLMS in PD sufferers than the frequency estimated for healthy elderly [24,32,52], supporting previous findings of an association between PLMS and PD beyond aging [29,53].”
ResultUnveiling relevant non-motor Parkinson's disease severity symptoms using a machine learning approach
Armañanzas, R., Bielza, C., Chaudhuri, К. R., Martínez‐Martín, P., & Larrañaga, P. (2013) · Artificial Intelligence in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2013.04.002 · Cited by 65
“Usually benign, visual hallucinations are relatively common (up to 40%) and may be present in moderate disease, but other psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and paranoid ideation, become more frequent in advanced phases and have adverse prognostic connotations [8].”
BackgroundPatterns of motor and non-motor features in Parkinson's disease
van Rooden, S. M., Jeukens‐Visser, M., Verbaan, D., Marinus, J., & van Hilten, J. J. (2009) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.166629 · Cited by 65
“INTRODUCTION Parkinson’s disease (PD) encompasses not only a variety of well-known motor features, but also a broad spectrum of non-motor symptoms, including cognitive impairment, psychotic symptoms, depression, sleep disorders, and autonomic dysfunction.[1] However, when considering the full spectrum of the disease,…”
BackgroundLi, C., Huang, B., Zhang, R., Ma, Q., Yang, W., Wang, L., Wang, L., Xu, Q., Feng, J., Liu, L., et al. (2016) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9501-6 · Cited by 65
“Besides motor deficits, PD patients also usually experience cognitive declines and visual impairments (Chaudhuri et al. 2006; Diederich et al. 2009).”
BackgroundRosenberg‐Katz, K., Herman, T., Jacob, Y., Kliper, E., Giladi, N., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00356 · Cited by 65
“The detected changes in amygdala volume can be related to a number of affective (non-motor) symptoms in PD, including depression, apathy, compulsive behavior, and anxiety (Chaudhuri et al., 2006).”
BackgroundCHARACTERIZATION BY FRACTAL DIMENSION ANALYSIS OF THE RETINAL CAPILLARY NETWORK IN PARKINSON DISEASE
Shi, C., Chen, Y., Kwapong, W. R., Tong, Q., Wu, S., Zhou, Y., Miao, H., Shen, M., & Ye, H. (2019) · Retina · doi:10.1097/iae.0000000000002641 · Cited by 65
Understanding cognitive deficits in Parkinson’s disease: lessons from preclinical animal modelsPreprint
Solari, N., Bonito-Oliva, A., Fisone, G., & Brambilla, R. (2013) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.032029.113 · Cited by 65
“However, PD also involves nonmotor symptoms (NMS) (Chaudhuri et al. 2006; Jankovic 2008) that appear in the early, oftenpremotor, phase of the disease (Abbott et al.”
BackgroundZeng, B., & Zhao, K. (2016) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12507 · Cited by 64
“This is not surprise as patients do not spontaneously complain their nonmotor symptoms to doctors [3].”
BackgroundCrocin Reverses Depression-Like Behavior in Parkinson Disease Mice via VTA-mPFC Pathway
Tang, J., Lu, L., Wang, Q., Liu, H., Xue, W., Zhou, T., Xu, L., Wang, K., Wu, D., Wei, F., et al. (2020) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-020-01941-2 · Cited by 62
Serratos, I. N., Hernández‐Pérez, E., Campos, C., Aschner, M., & Santamarı́a, A. (2021) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02596-3 · Cited by 70
Cruz, B. G. S., Husch, A., & Hertel, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1216163 · Cited by 75
“However, non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, cognitive deficits, sleep disturbance, hyposmia, cardiovascular problems, and bladder dysfunction can also be debilitating and may present before the motor problems (Chaudhuri et al., 2006).”
BackgroundAlkhazaali-Ali, Z., Negah, S. S., Boroumand, A. R., & Tavakol‐Afshari, J. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116899 · Cited by 69
Sleep spindle alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease
Christensen, J. A. E., Nikolic, M., Warby, S. C., Koch, H., Zoetmulder, M., Frandsen, R. A. V., Moghadam, K. K., Sørensen, H. B. D., Mignot, E. J.-M., & Jennum, P. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00233 · Cited by 65
“In addition to the motor manifestations that define PD, nonmotor symptoms such as sleep problems, depression, dementia and attention deficit (Chaudhuri et al., 2011, 2006), autonomic symptoms as abnormal heart rate variability (Sorensen et al., 2012, 2013) and gastrointestinal symptoms such as…”
BackgroundDecreased and increased cerebral regional homogeneity in early Parkinson's disease
Choe, I., Yeo, S., Chung, K. C., Kim, S., & Lim, S. (2013) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.06.027 · Cited by 64
“Indeed, sensory-symptoms, such as pain and paresthesia, the abnormal or inappropriate sensation, have been suggested as non-motor symptoms of PD (Chaudhuri et al., 2006).”
BackgroundAre current recommendations to diagnose orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease satisfactory?
Jamnadas-Khoda, J., Koshy, S., Mathias, C. J., Muthane, U. B., Ragothaman, M., & Dodaballapur, S. K. (2009) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22537 · Cited by 64
“If OH is present and factors that cause or worsen it are known, appropriate non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures to treat it can be initated.(23) In conclusion, OH is common in PD and its detection may need evaluation beyond the recommended 3 min postural challenge that is currently used in clinical practi…”
BackgroundVolta, M., & Melrose, H. L. (2017) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20160238 · Cited by 63
Liu, A. K. L., Chau, T. W., Lim, E., Ahmed, I., Chang, R. C., Kalaitzakis, M. E., Graeber, M. B., Gentleman, S., & Pearce, R. K. B. (2019) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-019-0717-3 · Cited by 64
Shi, L., Huang, C., Luo, Q., Xia, Y., Liu, W., Zeng, W., Cheng, A., Shi, R., & Zhengli, C. (2020) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.103225 · Cited by 64
O’Brien, C., Clemson, L. M., & Canning, C. G. (2015) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1055377 · Cited by 63
Affective symptoms and cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease
Poletti, M., Rosa, A. D., & Bonuccelli, U. (2012) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.02.022 · Cited by 62
“Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor (bradykinesia, rigidity and resting tremors) and non-motor symptoms, as cognitive impairment, affective and behavioral disturbances [1].”
BackgroundBright Light Therapy in Parkinson's Disease: An Overview of the Background and Evidence
Rutten, S., Vriend, C., van den Heuvel, O. A., Smit, J. H., Berendse, H. W., & van der Werf, Y. D. (2012) · Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1155/2012/767105 · Cited by 63
“Hindawi Publishing Corporation Parkinson’s Disease Volume 2012, Article ID 767105, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2012/767105 Review Article Bright Light Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease:”
BackgroundInfluentialNon-motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease
Hou, J. G., & Lai, E. C. (2007) · International journal of gerontology · doi:10.1016/s1873-9598(08)70024-3 · Cited by 63
Nayyar, T., Bubser, M., Ferguson, M. C., Neely, M. D., Goodwin, J. S., Montine, T. J., Deutch, A. Y., & Ansah, T. A. (2009) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06806.x · Cited by 63
Long-Term Effects of Safinamide on Mood Fluctuations in Parkinson’s Disease
Cattaneo, C., Müller, T. H., Bonizzoni, E., Lazzeri, G., Kottakis, I., & Keywood, C. (2017) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-171143 · Cited by 63
“During the course of the disease, many patients experience some mood disturbances including depression and anxiety, characterized by major disruption in their mood and emotions [10].”
Risk of Parkinson's disease following anxiety disorders: a nationwide population‐based cohort study
Lin, C., Lin, J., Liu, Y., Chang, C., & Wu, R. (2015) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.12740 · Cited by 62
How to organize multispecialty care for patients with Parkinson's disease
van der Marck, M. A., & Bloem, B. R. (2013) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/s1353-8020(13)70040-3 · Cited by 67
“Introduction Neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s disease (PD) are typically characterized by a wide range of motor and nonmotor symptoms [1,2].”
BackgroundEvidence for gender differences in cognition, emotion and quality of life in Parkinson's disease?
Heller, J., Dogan, I., Schulz, J., & Reetz, K. (2014) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14366/ad.2014.050063 · Cited by 65
“Notably, non-motor symptoms can often precede the manifestation of motor symptoms by many years and may even dominate the clinical picture in later stages of PD [3].”
BackgroundRastegari, E., Azizian, S., & Ali, H. (2019) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2019.511 · Cited by 62
“In spite of advances in medical care, gait disturbances have been shown to worsen as PD advances, which in turn leads to loss of independence and lower patients’ quality of life [3], [4].”
BackgroundParkinsonism and Related Disorders
Slow, E., & Lang, A. E. (2019) · DeckerMed Transitional Year Weekly Curriculum™ · doi:10.2310/tywc.1178 · Cited by 62
Inguanzo, A., Sala‐Llonch, R., Segura, B., Erostarbe, H., Abós, A., Campabadal, A., Uribe, C., Baggio, H. C., Compta, Y., Martı́, M. J., et al. (2020) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.11.010 · Cited by 61
“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by its clinical heterogeneity, which includes not only motor symptoms but also a wide range of non-motor manifestations [1,2].”
BackgroundHyperhomocysteinemia in levodopa‐treated patients with Parkinson's disease dementia
Zoccolella, S., Dell’Aquila, C., Abruzzese, G., Antonini, A., Bonuccelli, U., Canesi, M., Cristina, S., Marchese, R., Pacchetti, C., Zagaglia, R., et al. (2009) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22511 · Cited by 65
Gastrointestinal Biopsies for the Diagnosis of Alpha-Synuclein Pathology in Parkinson’s Disease
Cersosimo, M. G. (2015) · Gastroenterology Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2015/476041 · Cited by 63
Moreira, E. L. G., Rial, D., Aguiar, A. S., Figueiredo, C. P., Siqueira, J. M., DalBó, S., Horst, H., de Oliveira, J., Mancini, G., dos Santos, T. S., et al. (2010) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-010-0464-x · Cited by 61
“Non-motor features of PD invariably do not respond to dopaminergic medication and probably form the major current challenge faced in the clinical management of PD (Chaudhuri et al. 2006).”
Ximenes, J. C. M., Neves, K. R. T., Leal, L. K. A. M., do Carmo, M. R. S., Brito, G. A. D. C., Naffah‐Mazzacoratti, M. D. G., Cavalheiro, É. A., & Viana, G. S. D. B. (2015) · Journal of Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1155/2015/313702 · Cited by 61
An economic model of P arkinson's disease: Implications for slowing progression in the United States
Johnson, S. J., Diener, M. D., Kaltenboeck, A., Birnbaum, H. G., & Siderowf, A. D. (2013) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.25328 · Cited by 61
“In addition, the model does not include other nonmotor problems, such as autonomic disturbance, that may also be sources of disability in PD.49,50 The effect of these features on outcomes, such as caregiver burden, mortality, and costs, has not been extensively documented.”
BackgroundInfluentialDamian, A., Adler, C. H., Hentz, J. G., Shill, H. A., Caviness, J. N., Sabbagh, M. N., Evidente, V. G. H., Beach, T. G., & Driver‐Dunckley, E. D. (2012) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.06.008 · Cited by 61
Kleinknecht, A., Popova, B., Lázaro, D. F., Pinho, R., Valerius, O., Outeiro, T. F., & Braus, G. H. (2016) · PLOS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006098 · Cited by 58
“PD is also described to be associated with non-motoric and non-dopaminergic symptoms that extend beyond the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway and often occur years or even decades prior to the clinical diagnosis [7, 8].”
BackgroundA lterations of the circadian system in P arkinson's disease patients
Fifel, K. (2016) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26865 · Cited by 63
“However, increasing awareness of the complex and multifaceted nature of PD has emerged few decades ago.(6,7) Multiple nonmotor symptoms (NMSs)”
BackgroundInfluentialMicroRNA expressing profiles in A53T mutant alpha-synuclein transgenic mice and Parkinsonian
Mo, M., Xiao, Y., Huang, S., Cen, L., Chen, X. '., Zhang, L., Luo, Q., Li, S., Yang, X., Lin, X. Z., et al. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.13905 · Cited by 62
Tossing and Turning in Bed: Nocturnal Movements in Parkinson's Disease
Mirelman, A., Hillel, I., Rochester, L., Din, S. D., Bloem, B. R., Avanzino, L., Nieuwboer, A., Maidan, I., Herman, T., Thaler, A., et al. (2020) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.28006 · Cited by 62
“In addition, sleep-related symptoms are increasingly recognized as a major contributor to disease burden and reduced quality of life.(1,2,4,5) Self-report questionnaires can provide subjective assess-”
BackgroundDrug selection and timing of initiation of treatment in early Parkinson's disease
Schapira, A. H. V., & Olanow, C. W. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21460 · Cited by 61
“However, several studies have shown that certain nonmotor symptoms such as olfactory dysfunction, depression, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder may precede the motor features.(2,3) Not withstanding the fact that PD is a multicentric neurodegenerative disease, the dominant early clinical features of PD are…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMorita, H., Hass, C. J., Moro, E., Sudhyadhom, A., Kumar, R., & Okun, M. S. (2014) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2014.00243 · Cited by 60
The Epidemiology of Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (Cohort and Other Studies)
Катунина, Е. А., & Titova, N. (2017) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.012 · Cited by 60
“comprehensive scale to be validated for exclusive measurement of NMS in PD, has not been specifically used to address prevalence or frequency of NMS in PD (Chaudhuri et al., 2007). However, the NMSS validation studies provide figures on 30 different NMS in 9 domains, and the data are broadly complimentary to the datas…”
MethodBerendse, H. W., & Ponsen, M. M. (2009) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70774-6 · Cited by 60
Fasano, A. A., Ricciardi, L., Lena, F., Bentivoglio, A. R., & Modugno, N. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 60
Maeda, T., Shimo, Y., Chiu, S., Yamaguchi, T., Kashihara, K., Tsuboi, Y., Nomoto, M., Hattori, N., Watanabe, H., & Saiki, H. (2017) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.02.024 · Cited by 63
Skin disorders in Parkinson’s disease: potential biomarkers and risk factors
Jørgensen, A. R., Thyssen, J. P., & Egeberg, A. (2017) · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · doi:10.2147/ccid.s130319 · Cited by 60
Oral Health of Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Case-Control Study
van Stiphout, M. A. E., Marinus, J., van Hilten, J. J., Lobbezoo, F., & Baat, C. D. (2018) · Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1155/2018/9315285 · Cited by 60
Triplett, J. C., Zhang, Z., Sultana, R., Cai, J., Klein, J. B., Büeler, H., & Butterfield, D. A. (2015) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13039 · Cited by 58
The Differential Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease
Greenland, J. C., & Barker, R. A. (2018) · Codon Publications eBooks · doi:10.15586/codonpublications.parkinsonsdisease.2018.ch6 · Cited by 69
“Depression is common in PD, affecting up to an estimated 40% patients, and can pre-date the motor syndrome (4).”
BackgroundInfluentialHellqvist, C., & Berterö, C. (2015) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2014.12.008 · Cited by 59
Branchi, I., D’Andrea, I., Armida, M., Carnevale, D., Ajmone‐Cat, M. A., Pèzzola, A., Potenza, R. L., Morgese, M. G., Cassano, T., Minghetti, L., et al. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.11.020 · Cited by 59
Selective noradrenergic vulnerability in alpha-synuclein transgenic mice
Sotiriou, E., Vassilatis, D. K., Vila, M., & Stefanis, L. (2009) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.11.010 · Cited by 59
Leonardi, M., Raggi, A., Pagani, M., Carella, F., Soliveri, P., Albanese, A., & Romito, L. M. (2011) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.08.011 · Cited by 59
“In recent years presence and evaluation of nonmotor symptoms (NMS) captured the attention of clinicians and researchers [11,12].”
BackgroundIs olfactory impairment in Parkinson disease related to phenotypic or genotypic characteristics?
Verbaan, D., Boesveldt, S., van Rooden, S. M., Jeukens‐Visser, M., Marinus, J., Macedo, M. G., Fang, Y., Heutink, P., Berendse, H. W., & van Hilten, J. J. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000336651.48596.c7 · Cited by 59
“Introduction Olfactory impairment (OI) is one of the nonmotor features of Parkinson disease (PD), which may also include cognitive impairment, autonomic dysfunction, depression, nighttime sleep problems, daytime sleepiness, and psychiatric complications.(1) In PD, OI is common and may consist of impairments in odor de…”
BackgroundKee, T. R., Espinoza, P., Wehinger, J. L., Bukhari, M. Z., Ermekbaeva, A., Sista, A., Kotsiviras, P., Liu, T., Kang, D. E., & Woo, J. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.660843 · Cited by 60
“Therefore, patients develop loss of smell or taste, depression, sleep problems, hallucinations and genitourinary dysfunction (Chaudhuri et al., 2006; Poewe, 2008).”
BackgroundTranslational molecular imaging and drug development in Parkinson’s disease
Haider, A., Elghazawy, N. H., Dawoud, A., Gebhard, C., Wichmann, T., Sippl, W., Hoener, M. C., Arenas, E., & Liang, S. H. (2023) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-023-00600-z · Cited by 60
“Early observations included the low levels of 5-hydroxyindol-acetic acid, a serotonin metabolite, in the cerebrospinal fluid, as well as the reduced cortical 5-HT1A receptors, in (symptomatic) PD patients suffering from depression [276].”
BackgroundDysphagia in Parkinson's disease is responsive to levodopa
Sutton, J. P. (2013) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.11.007 · Cited by 58
Prevalence and correlates of sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease: a polysomnographic study
Alatriste-Booth, V., Rodríguez‐Violante, M., Camacho-Ordóñez, A., & Cervantes‐Arriaga, A. (2015) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0004-282x20140228 · Cited by 58
Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: Diagnosis and Management
Salawu, F., Danburam, A., & Olokoba, A. (2010) · Nigerian Journal of Medicine · doi:10.4314/njm.v19i2.56496 · Cited by 58
Isacson, D. G. L., Bingefors, K., Kristiansen, I. S., & Nyholm, D. (2008) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01049.x · Cited by 58
“It should also be noted out that the meaning of QoL is highly subjective (2), and may be more dependent on non-motor symptoms in advanced PD, which may not be affected by dopaminergic therapy (19).”
BackgroundEngeln, M., Deurwaerdère, P. D., Li, Q., Bézard, E., & Fernagut, P. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu076 · Cited by 58
“wide detrimental effects are observed on both motor and nonmotor functions (Chaudhuri et al. 2006), highlighting its broad influence upon various cerebral and neurochemical targets.”
BackgroundAdvances in GBA-associated Parkinson's disease – Pathology, presentation and therapies
Barkhuizen, M., Anderson, D. G., & Grobler, A. (2015) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2015.12.004 · Cited by 61
“The non-motor symptoms may precede the motor symptoms by many years (Chaudhuri et al., 2006).”
Factors associated with life satisfaction in Parkinson's disease
Rosqvist, K., Hagell, P., Odin, P., Ekström, H., Iwarsson, S., & Nilsson, M. H. (2016) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.12695 · Cited by 58
Early start of progressive motor deficits in Line 61 α-synuclein transgenic mice
Rabl, R., Breitschaedel, C., Flunkert, S., Duller, S., Amschl, D., Neddens, J., Niederkofler, V., Rockenstein, E. M., Masliah, E., Roemer, H., et al. (2017) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0341-8 · Cited by 58
“Since PD in humans is not only characterized by motor deficits like rigor, bradykinesia, tremor and postural instability but also by non-motor symptoms like hyposmia, gastrointestinal dysfunction, anxiety and cognitive decline [31] proper animal models for PD should also present as many of these nonmotor deficits as p…”
BackgroundNon-motor symptoms: Identification and management
Muzerengi, S., Contrafatto, D., & Chaudhuri, К. R. (2007) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/s1353-8020(08)70048-8 · Cited by 58
“[4].”
Ghyselinck, J., Verstrepen, L., Moens, F., den Abbeele, P. V., Bruggeman, A., Said, J., Smith, B., Barker, L. A., Jordan, C., Leta, V., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics X · doi:10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100087 · Cited by 62
“Non-motor symptoms include loss of smell and problems with gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular and urogenital systems (Chaudhuri et al., 2006).”
BackgroundElevated plasma miR-133b and miR-221-3p as biomarkers for early Parkinson’s disease
Chen, Q., Deng, N., Lu, K., Liao, Q., Long, X., Gou, D., Bi, F., & Zhou, J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94734-z · Cited by 57
Dopamine agonists and delusional jealousy in Parkinson's disease: A cross‐sectional prevalence study
Poletti, M., Perugi, G., Logi, C., Romano, A., Dotto, P. D., Ceravolo, R., Rossi, G., Pepe, P., Dell’Osso, L., & Bonuccelli, U. (2012) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.25129 · Cited by 57
Figueiredo, C. P., Pamplona, F. A., Mazzuco, T. L., Aguiar, A. S., Walz, R., & Prediger, R. D. (2010) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e32833c8544 · Cited by 57
“with MPTP suffer progressive impairments in olfactory, cognitive, and motor functions associated with timedependent disruption of dopaminergic neurotransmission in different brain structures, conceivably analogous to those observed during different stages of PD (Chaudhuri et al., 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialDementia in long-term Parkinson’s disease patients: a multicentre retrospective study
Szeto, J. Y. Y., Walton, C. C., Rizos, A., Martínez‐Martín, P., Halliday, G. M., Naismith, S. L., Chaudhuri, К. R., & Lewis, S. J. G. (2020) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-019-0106-4 · Cited by 57
Azeggagh, S., & Berwick, D. C. (2021) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.15575 · Cited by 57
Ferroptosis and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights into the Regulatory Roles of SLC7A11
Wang, C., Liu, H., Xu, S., Deng, Y. L., Xu, B., Yang, T., & Liu, W. (2023) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-023-01343-7 · Cited by 57
Cognitive dysfunction and depression in Parkinson’s disease: what can be learned from rodent models?
Lindgren, H. S., & Dunnett, S. B. (2012) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08162.x · Cited by 56
“monoaminergic systems play a major role (Chaudhuri et al., 2006), as does extranigral a-synucleinopathy (Jellinger, 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialClinical Validity of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2 in Parkinson Disease With MCI and Dementia
Matteau, E., Dupré, N., Langlois, M., Provencher, P., & Simard, M. (2012) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988712445086 · Cited by 63
“Cognitive impairment and dementia are now recognized as part of Parkinson disease (PD).(1) Cumulative prevalence of dementia in PD (PDD) may be as high as 80%.”
BackgroundHuang, P., Xu, X., Gu, Q., Xuan, M., Yu, X., Luo, W. F., & Zhang, M. (2014) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2014.08.011 · Cited by 57
Prediction of cognitive worsening in de novo Parkinson's disease: Clinical use of biomarkers
Arnaldi, D., Carli, F. D., Famà, F., Brugnolo, A., Girtler, N. G., Picco, A., Pardini, M., Accardo, J., Proietti, L., Massa, F., et al. (2017) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27190 · Cited by 56
Chronotherapies for Parkinson’s disease
Fifel, K., & Videnović, A. (2019) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.01.002 · Cited by 58
Acupuncture Effect and Mechanism for Treating Pain in Patients With Parkinson's Disease
Yu, S.-W., Lin, S., Tsai, C., Chaudhuri, К. R., Huang, Y.-C., Chen, Y.-S., Yeh, B.-Y., Wu, Y., & Wang, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01114 · Cited by 57
“The inclusion criteria were (1) diagnosis of idiopathic PD and (2) a total score of >0 on the King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale (KPPS) (13).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialXie, C., & Prasad, A. A. (2020) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms8111661 · Cited by 59
“However, despite the high prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD patients, there are limited treatments targeting neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD [4,9,34].”
BackgroundConstipation in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yao, L., Liang, W., Chen, J., Wang, Q., & Huang, X. (2022) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000527513 · Cited by 63
Yun, S. J., Hyun, S. E., Oh, B., & Seo, H. G. (2023) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-023-01215-7 · Cited by 58
“Patients with PD encounter various nonmotor symptoms, including fatigue, dribbling of saliva, nausea, cognitive dysfunction, sweating, blurred vision, and vertigo [55].”
BackgroundParkinson’s disease as a somato-cognitive action network disorder
Ren, J., Zhang, W., Dahmani, L., Gordon, E. M., Li, S., Zhou, Y., Long, Y., Huang, J., Zhu, Y., Guo, N., et al. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-10059-1 · Cited by 55
“…motor symptoms, PD is associated with a variety of non-motor symptoms such as dysautonomia (for example, constipation, orthostatic hypotension) 3–5,13 , The pathophysiological hallmark of PD is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) 1,3,18 , leading to dysfunction…”
Parkinson's disease--Part 3: Neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Weintraub, D. A., Comella, C. L., & Horn, S. S. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 55
Nonmotor Disturbances in Parkinson’s Disease
Bassetti, C. L. (2010) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000316613 · Cited by 55
“Psychoreactive mechanisms may also be involved in PD-associated depression. Diagnosis Apathy, fatigue, sleepiness and slow motion can be difficult to differentiate from (and do actually commonly coexist with) depression. The Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale have been used to assess de…”
MethodChinese Parkinson Study Group, Yang, S. T., Gu, Z., An, J., & Chan, P. (2014) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-014-1879-1 · Cited by 55
“Increasing evidence suggests that PD has phenotypic heterogeneity in both motor and non-motor symptoms [1, 2].”
BackgroundAdvanced Parkinson's disease: Clinical characteristics and treatment (part 1)
Kulisevsky, J., Luquín, M. R., Arbelo, J. M., Burguera, J. A., Carrillo, F., Castro, A., Chacón, J., Ruiz, P., Lezcano, E., Mir, P., et al. (2013) · Neurología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2013.05.002 · Cited by 56
“There have been advances in treating these symptoms, but benefits are usually suboptimal.(46) In this chapter, we will review the scientific evidence regarding treatment for these conditions and list some treatment recommendations for normal clinical practice.”
BackgroundEnfermedad de Parkinson avanzada. Características clínicas y tratamiento (parte I)
Kulisevsky, J., Luquín, M. R., Arbelo, J. M., Burguera, J. A., Carrillo, F., Castro, A., Chacón, J., Ruiz, P., Lezcano, E., Mir, P., et al. (2013) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2013.05.001 · Cited by 59
The economic and quality of life burden associated with Parkinson's disease: a focus on symptoms.
Boland, D. F., & Stacy, M. A. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 55
Reyes, A. P., Castillo‐Allendes, A., Castillo, J., Cornejo, I., & Cruickshank, T. M. (2019) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.05.001 · Cited by 54
Polymeric nanoparticles for dopamine and levodopa replacement in Parkinson's disease
Alabrahim, O. A. A., & Azzazy, H. M. E.-S. (2022) · Nanoscale Advances · doi:10.1039/d2na00524g · Cited by 54
The Involvement of Neuroinflammation in the Onset and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease
Jurcău, A., Andronie-Cioară, F. L., Nistor-Cseppento, C. D., Pașcalău, N., Rus, M., Vasca, E., & Jurcău, M. C. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241914582 · Cited by 58
“…classical symptoms of PD include bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability in later stages [5], but a series of non-motor symptoms such as olfactory dysfunction, constipation, anxiety, sleep disorders, or depression may precede the motor symptoms by more than a decade [6–8].”
Olfactory dysfunction and cardiovascular dysautonomia in Parkinson’s disease
Oka, H., Toyoda, C., Yogo, M., & Mochio, S. (2010) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-009-5447-1 · Cited by 54
“Parkinson’s disease (PD) presents not only with motor disturbances, such as resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, or gait disturbance, but also with cognitive impairment, autonomic dysfunction, depression, nighttime sleep problems, daytime sleepiness, and psychiatric complications [4].”
BackgroundClinical Characteristics of Exacerbations in Parkinson Disease
Zheng, K. S., Dorfman, B. J., Christos, P. J., Khadem, N. R., Henchcliffe, C., Piboolnurak, P., & Nirenberg, M. J. (2012) · The Neurologist · doi:10.1097/nrl.0b013e318251e6f2 · Cited by 54
“Medication error Prescribing error (3)z 6 Multiple, 5 Administration error (2) Tremor, 1 Pharmacy error (1)”
BackgroundThalamic Projection Fiber Integrity in de novo Parkinson Disease
Planetta, P. J., Schulze, E. T., Geary, E., Corcos, D. M., Goldman, J. G., Little, D. M., & Vaillancourt, D. E. (2012) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a3178 · Cited by 54
The Gut and Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
Klingelhoefer, L., & Reichmann, H. (2017) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.027 · Cited by 53
Detecting neurodegenerative disorders from web search signals
White, R. W., Doraiswamy, P. M., & Horvitz, E. (2018) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-018-0016-6 · Cited by 57
“16 From the full set of logs, searchers who input queries containing fi rst-person statements about PD diagnosis (e.g., “ just diagnosed with parkinsons ” ) were identi fi ed.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Chaudhuri, K. R., Healy, D. G., & Schapira, A. H.
- Affiliations
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
- ORCID
- Schapira, Anthony HV
- Venue
- The Lancet Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 235-245
- ISSN
- 1474-4422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1982535961
- Cited by
- 2,807
- References
- 140
- Citations by year
- 2026: 184 · 2025: 170 · 2024: 143 · 2023: 159 · 2022: 168 · 2021: 165 · 2020: 197 · 2019: 168 · 2018: 161 · 2017: 174 · 2016: 152 · 2015: 156 · 2014: 130 · 2013: 130 · 2012: 129
- FWCI
- 9.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, non-motor symptoms, depression, constipation, pain, genitourinary dysfunction, sleep disorders, substantia nigra pars compacta, neurodegeneration, quality of life, disability
- MeSH terms
- Autonomic Nervous System Diseases, Humans, Pain, Parkinson Disease, Psychotic Disorders, Sleep Wake Disorders, Disease Progression, Pain Management
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
