The DOI matches its Crossref record; 138 of the 140 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and management
Abstract
The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease rests on the identification of the characteristics related to dopamine deficiency that are a consequence of degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta. However, non-dopaminergic and non-motor symptoms are sometimes present before diagnosis and almost inevitably emerge with disease progression. Indeed, non-motor symptoms dominate the clinical picture of advanced Parkinson's disease and contribute to severe disability, impaired quality of life, and shortened life expectancy. By contrast with the dopaminergic symptoms of the disease, for which treatment is available, non-motor symptoms are often poorly recognised and inadequately treated. However, attention is now being focused on the recognition and quantitation of non-motor symptoms, which will form the basis of improved treatments. Some non-motor symptoms, including depression, constipation, pain, genitourinary problems, and sleep disorders, can be improved with available treatments. Other non-motor symptoms can be more refractory and need the introduction of novel non-dopaminergic drugs. Inevitably, the development of treatments that can slow or prevent the progression of Parkinson's disease and its multicentric neurodegeneration provides the best hope of curing non-motor symptoms.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Indeed, non-motor symptoms dominate the clinical picture of PD”
From Distant delivery of a mindfulness-based intervention for people with Parkinson's disease: The study protocol of a randomised pilot trial (2017) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“and contribute to severe disability, impaired quality of life, and shortened life expectancy [2].”
From Distant delivery of a mindfulness-based intervention for people with Parkinson's disease: The study protocol of a randomised pilot trial (2017) · cites this paper as [2]
Citations
Cites
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Johns, M. W. (1991) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/14.6.540 · Cited by 17,364
Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease
Braak, H., Tredici, K. D., Rüb, U., de Vos, R. A. I., Jansen Steur, E. N. H., & Braak, E. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00065-9 · Cited by 10,777
Hughes, A. J., Daniel, S. E., Kilford, L., & Lees, A. J. (1992) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.55.3.181 · Cited by 10,378
Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_184495 · Cited by 3,071
Parkinson, J. (2002) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.14.2.223 · Cited by 2,856
Recent developments in Parkinson's disease
Fahn, S., Elton, R., MARSDEN, C. D., Calne, D. B., & Goldstein, M. (1986) · Raven Press eBooks · Cited by 2,306
Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop
Parent, A., & Hazrati, L.-N. (1995) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(94)00007-c · Cited by 2,161
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Chaudhuri, 2004, The holistic management of Parkinson's using a novel non-motor symptom scale and questionnaire, Adv Clin Neurosci Rehab, 4, 20
- Gulati, 2004, A clinical observational study of the pattern and occurrence of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease ranging from early to advanced disease, Mov Disord, 19, S406
- Abbott, 2005, Excessive daytime sleepiness and the future risk of Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 20, S101
- Doder, 2000, Brain serotonin 5HT1A receptors in Parkinson's disease with and without depression measured by positron emission tomography with 11C-WAY 10635, Mov Disord, 15, 213
- Diederich, 2005, Repeated visual hallucinations in Parkisnon's disease as disturbed external/internal perceptions: focused review and a new integrative model, Mov Disord, 20, 130, 10.1002/mds.20308 · DOI
- Tyvaert, 2005, Sexual dysfunction and sub-thalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease, Park Related Disord, 11, 116
- Isaacson, 2005, Non-motor symptoms frequently herald end-of-dose wearing off in Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 20, S52
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,008 of 1,008
Lin, T.-K., Lin, K.-J., Lin, K.-L., Liou, C.-W., Chen, S.-D., Chuang, Y.-C., Wang, P.-W., Chuang, J.-H., & Wang, T.-J. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.607392 · Cited by 19
“These may be preceded by a prodromal phase of up to decades, characterized by specific non-motor symptoms such as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, depression, constipation, hyposmia, and cognitive impairment (Chaudhuri et al., 2006).”
BackgroundKrishna, G., Hosamani, R., & Muralidhara (2019) · Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1871524919666190115125900 · Cited by 16
Bone Mineral Density and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Postmenopausal Women
Park, K., Jung, J., Hwang, H., Park, H., Han, K., & Nam, G. E. (2023) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.29579 · Cited by 15
Leptin levels in patients with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Rahnemayan, S., Mirghafourvand, M., Fathalizadeh, A., Faramarzi, E., Reyhanifard, A., Mahmoodpoor, A., & Sanaie, S. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.11.001 · Cited by 14
Bogosian, A., Hurt, C. S., Vasconcelos e Sa, D., Hindle, J. V., McCracken, L., & Cubi-Molla, P. (2017) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-016-0117-4 · Cited by 12
Christodoulou, D., Reeves, S., Carvalho, N. P., Stellman, J., & Gould, R. L. (2025) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2025.2511957 · Cited by 4
“…the substantial burden of non-motor symptoms, which have a negative impact on psychological wellbeing and quality of life (Broen et al., 2018; Chaudhuri et al., 2006; Schrag & Taddei, 2017), and can exacerbate disability and reduce treatment adherence (Aarsland et al., 2021; Lawson et al.,…”
Siwik, C. J., Phillips, K., Litvan, I., Salmon, P., Rodgers, A., Jablonski, M., & Sephton, S. E. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01874-y · Cited by 4
“…number of non-motor changes that accompany PD, including disease-related distress, depression, anxiety, sleep disruption, including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, and pain, which can lead to poorer disease outcomes and quality of life (Broen et al., 2016; Chaudhuri et al., 2006).”
New trends in advanced Parkinson disease stage therapy
Kolesárová, M., Franko, O., Kolesár, D., Gažová, A., & Kyselovič, J. (2023) · Česká a slovenská farmacie · doi:10.5817/csf2023-1-37 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Chaudhuri, K. R., Healy, D. G., & Schapira, A. H.
- Affiliations
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
- ORCID
- Schapira, Anthony HV
- Venue
- The Lancet Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 235-245
- ISSN
- 1474-4422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1982535961
- Cited by
- 2,807
- References
- 140
- Citations by year
- 2026: 184 · 2025: 170 · 2024: 143 · 2023: 159 · 2022: 168 · 2021: 165 · 2020: 197 · 2019: 168 · 2018: 161 · 2017: 174 · 2016: 152 · 2015: 156 · 2014: 130 · 2013: 130 · 2012: 129
- FWCI
- 9.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, non-motor symptoms, depression, constipation, pain, genitourinary dysfunction, sleep disorders, substantia nigra pars compacta, neurodegeneration, quality of life, disability
- MeSH terms
- Autonomic Nervous System Diseases, Humans, Pain, Parkinson Disease, Psychotic Disorders, Sleep Wake Disorders, Disease Progression, Pain Management
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
