The DOI matches its Crossref record; 96 of the 98 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis
Abstract
About 10-15% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) present with gradually increasing neurological disability, a disorder known as primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Compared with relapse-onset multiple sclerosis, people with PPMS are older at onset and a higher proportion are men. Inflammatory white-matter lesions are less evident but diffuse axonal loss and microglial activation are seen in healthy-looking white matter, in addition to cortical demyelination, and quantitative MRI shows atrophy and intrinsic abnormalities in the grey matter and the white matter. Spinal cord atrophy corresponds to the usual clinical presentation of progressive spastic paraplegia. Although neuroaxonal degeneration seems to underlie PPMS, the pathogenesis and the extent to which immune-mediated mechanisms operate is unclear. MRI of the brain and spinal cord, and examination of the CSF, are important investigations for diagnosis; conventional immunomodulatory therapies, such as interferon beta and glatiramer acetate, are ineffective. Future research should focus on the clarification of the mechanisms of axonal loss, improvements to the design of clinical trials, and the development of effective neuroprotective treatments.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Brain T2 lesion load tends to be lower in PPMS 6 and the combination of MRI and CSF findings provides a higher sensitivity than MRI alone.20”
From Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges (2017) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“The onset of PPMS in contrast is characterised by slowly progressive symptoms, most often an asymmetric paraparesis that evolves over months or years 6 or, less commonly, a progressive hemiparesis or cerebellar ataxia or very rarely, visual failure or dementia.6”
From Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges (2017) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
Cites
McDonald, W. I., Compston, A., Edan, G., Goodkin, D., Hartung, H., Lublin, F. D., McFarland, H. F., Paty, D. W., Polman, C. H., Reingold, S. C., et al. (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.1032 · Cited by 6,969
Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the “McDonald Criteria”
Polman, C. H., Reingold, S. C., Edan, G., Filippi, M., Hartung, H., Kappos, L., Lublin, F. D., Metz, L. M., McFarland, H. F., O'Connor, P. W., et al. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20703 · Cited by 5,017
Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis
LUBLIN, F. D., & Reingold, S. C. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.46.4.907 · Cited by 3,762
Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis
Kutzelnigg, A., Lucchinetti, C. F., Stadelmann, C., Brück, W., Rauschka, H., Bergmann, M., Schmidbauer, M., Parisi, J. E., & Lassmann, H. (2005) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh641 · Cited by 1,836
Relapses and Progression of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis
Confavreux, C., Vukusic, S., Moreau, T., & Adeleine, P. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200011163432001 · Cited by 1,328
Development of a multiple sclerosis functional composite as a clinical trial outcome measure
Cutter, G. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.5.871 · Cited by 1,191
The natural history of multiple sclerosis:a geographically based study
Cottrell, D. A., Kremenchutzky, M., Rice, G. P., Koopman, W. J., Hader, W. J., Baskerville, J., & Ebers, G. C. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.4.625 · Cited by 1,169
The Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29): A new patient-based outcome measure
Hobart, J. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.5.962 · Cited by 1,144
Natural history of multiple sclerosis: a unifying concept
Confavreux, C., & Vukusic, S. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl007 · Cited by 901
Acute axonal injury in multiple sclerosis: Correlation with demyelination and inflammation
Bitsch, A. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.6.1174 · Cited by 898
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Kita, 2004, A phase II trial of mitoxantrone in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis, Neurology, 62, A99
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 814
Hartung, H., & Aktaş, O. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21880 · Cited by 22
Gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis and animal models
Schumacher, S. M., Doyle, W. J., Hill, K., & Ochoa‐Repáraz, J. (2025) · The FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.17161 · Cited by 21
A Comprehensive Examination of the Role of Epigenetic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis
Manna, I., Benedittis, S. D., & Porro, D. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25168921 · Cited by 25
The natural history of early versus late disability accumulation in primary progressive MS
Koch, M. W., Greenfield, J., Javizian, O., Deighton, S., Wall, W., & Metz, L. M. (2014) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2014-307948 · Cited by 21
Müller, S., Heidler, T., Fuchs, A., Pfaff, A., Ernst, K., Ladinek, G., & Wilke, T. (2019) · Neurology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40120-019-00172-5 · Cited by 21
The Upper Motor Neuron—Improved Knowledge from ALS and Related Clinical Disorders
Menon, P., & Vucic, S. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11080958 · Cited by 21
Bogosian, A., Morgan, M., Bishop, F. L., Day, F., & Moss-Morris, R. E. (2016) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2016.1268691 · Cited by 21
The NLRP3 inflammasome in progressive multiple sclerosis
Kadowaki, A., & Quintana, F. J. (2020) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaa135 · Cited by 21
Gouveia, A. C. H. B., Dias, S. P., Santos, T., Rocha, H., Coelho, C. R., Ruano, L., Galego, O., Diogo, M. C., Seixas, D., Sá, M. J., et al. (2016) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.12702 · Cited by 21
The role of infections in the pathogenesis and course of multiple sclerosis
Pawate, S., & Sriram, S. (2010) · Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · doi:10.4103/0972-2327.64622 · Cited by 20
Campbell, E., Coulter, E. H., Mattison, P., McFadyen, A. K., Miller, L., & Paul, L. (2017) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2017.01.002 · Cited by 20
Filippi, M., Preziosa, P., & Rocca, M. A. (2016) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53485-9.00020-9 · Cited by 21
Moore, C. S., Hebb, A. L. O., Blanchard, M. M., Crocker, C. E., Liston, P., Korneluk, R. G., & Robertson, G. S. (2008) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.06.030 · Cited by 20
Brain MRI findings in long-standing and disabling multiple sclerosis in 84 patients
Renard, D., Castelnovo, G., Bousquet, P., de Champfleur, N. M., Seze, J. D., Vermersch, P., & Labauge, P. M. (2010) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2009.12.012 · Cited by 20
Rothstein, T. L. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.581537 · Cited by 19
Degeneration versus autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis
Tsutsui, S., & Stys, P. K. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21845 · Cited by 19
Timirci‐Kahraman, Ö., Karaaslan, Z., Tüzün, E., Kürtüncü, M., Baykal, A. T., Gündüz, T., Tüzüner, M. B., Akgün, E., Gürel, B., Eraksoy, M., et al. (2018) · Acta Neurologica Belgica · doi:10.1007/s13760-018-0954-4 · Cited by 19
Circulating CD8+CD56−perforin+ T cells are increased in multiple sclerosis patients
Frisullo, G., Plantone, D., Marti, A., Iorio, R., Nociti, V., Patanella, A. K., & Batocchi, A. P. (2011) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.09.002 · Cited by 19
Shrestha, B., Jiang, X., Ge, S., Paul, D., Chianchiano, P. E., & Pachter, J. S. (2017) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.010 · Cited by 18
Luetic, G. G., Menichini, M. L., Vrech, C., Pappolla, A., Patrucco, L., Cristiano, E., Marrodán, M., Ysrraelit, M. C., Fiol, M. P., Correale, J. D., et al. (2021) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.103401 · Cited by 21
Dagley, L. F., Emili, A., & Purcell, A. W. (2012) · PROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS · doi:10.1002/prca.201200104 · Cited by 19
Disease activity impacts disability progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Marrodán, M., Bensi, C., Pappolla, A., Rojas, J. I., Gaitán, M. I., Ysrraelit, M. C., Negrotto, L., Fiol, M., Patrucco, L., Cristiano, E., et al. (2019) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2019.101892 · Cited by 18
Proteomic Approaches to Decipher Mechanisms Underlying Pathogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Singh, V. P., Tripathi, A. K., & Dutta, R. (2019) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.201800335 · Cited by 17
Kofahi, R. M., Kofahi, H. M., Sabaheen, S., Qawasmeh, M. A., Momani, A., Yassin, A., Al‐Hayk, K., & El‐Salem, K. (2020) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-020-01977-w · Cited by 17
Slee, M., Finkemeyer, J., Krupa, M., Raghupathi, R., Gardner, J., Blumbergs, P. C., Agzarian, M., & Thyagarajan, D. E. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2011.02.019 · Cited by 17
Multiple sclerosis biomarkers: Helping the diagnosis?
Thouvenot, É. (2018) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2018.04.002 · Cited by 17
Interferon Beta for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Rojas, J. I., Romano, M., Ciapponi, A., Patrucco, L., & Cristiano, E. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006643.pub2 · Cited by 17
Immunological treatment of multiple sclerosis
Diebold, M., & Derfuss, T. J. (2016) · Seminars in Hematology · doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2016.04.016 · Cited by 22
Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: New Therapeutic Approaches
Rajabi, M., Shafaeibajestan, S., Asadpour, S., Alyari, G., Taei, N., Kohkalani, M., Raoufinia, R., Afarande, H., & Saburi, E. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology Reports · doi:10.1002/npr2.70039 · Cited by 20
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Conventional Imaging
Sicotte, N. L. (2011) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2011.01.005 · Cited by 16
Monitoring Progressive Multiple Sclerosis with Novel Imaging Techniques
Petracca, M., Margoni, M., Bommarito, G., & Inglese, M. (2018) · Neurology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40120-018-0103-2 · Cited by 17
Lorscheider, J., Kühle, J., Izquierdo, G., Lugaresi, A., Havrdová, E., Horáková, D., Hupperts, R., Duquette, P., Girard, M., Prat, A., et al. (2018) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13824 · Cited by 16
Klumbies, K., Rust, R., Dörr, J., Konietschke, F., Paul, F., Bellmann–Strobl, J., Brandt, A. U., & Zimmermann, H. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.615790 · Cited by 16
Filippo, M. D., Luchetti, E., Prontera, P., Donti, E., Floridi, P., Gregorio, M. D., Tambasco, N., Sarchielli, P., & Calabresi, P. (2010) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-010-5726-x · Cited by 16
Ziemssen, T., Rauer, S., Stadelmann, C., Henze, T., Koehler, J., Penner, I., Lang, M., Poehlau, D., Baier-Ebert, M., Schieb, H., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138243 · Cited by 16
Disease onset in familial and sporadic primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Koch, M. W., Zhao, Y., Yee, I. M. L., Guimond, C., Kingwell, E., Rieckmann, P., Sadovnick, A. D., & Tremlett, H. L. (2010) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458510367661 · Cited by 17
Hardmeier, M., Schlaeger, R., Lascano, A. M., Toffolet, L., Schindler, C., Gobbi, C., Lalive, P. H., Kühle, J., Kappos, L., & Fuhr, P. (2022) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2022.02.019 · Cited by 16
Income in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Different Disease Phenotypes
Kavaliunas, A., Manouchehrinia, A., Karrenbauer, V. D., Gyllensten, H., Glaser, A., Alexanderson, K. A. E., & Hillert, J. A. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169460 · Cited by 15
A 63-year-old woman with urinary incontinence and progressive gait disorder
Lossos, A., Klein, C. J., McEvoy, K. M., & Keegan, B. M. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181a413fe · Cited by 15
Sex ratio in multiple sclerosis mortality over 65 years; an age-period-cohort analysis in Norway
Nakken, O., Lindstrøm, J. C., & Holmøy, T. (2018) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-018-8832-9 · Cited by 15
Rodrigues, D.-N., Paes, R. A., Vasconcelos, C. C. F., Landeira-Fernández, J., & Alvarenga, M. P. (2011) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2011000500004 · Cited by 14
Dobryakova, E., Rocca, M. A., Valsasina, P., DeLuca, J., & Filippi, M. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23542 · Cited by 14
Camara-Lemarroy, C. R., Silva, C., Gohill, J., Yong, V. W., & Koch, M. W. (2022) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15588 · Cited by 14
Pseudotumoral Forms of Multiple Sclerosis: Report of 14 Cases and Review of the Literature
Mauri-Fábrega, L., Díaz-Sánchez, M., Chocán, J. L. C., & Sánchez, A. J. U. (2014) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000358385 · Cited by 14
Sampat, M. P., Berger, A. M., Healy, B. C., Hildenbrand, P. G., Vass, J., Meier, D., Chitnis, T., Weiner, H. L., Bakshi, R., & Guttmann, C. R. G. (2009) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a1659 · Cited by 14
Harsini, S., & Rezaei, N. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00001-3 · Cited by 13
The Role of M6A Modification in Autoimmunity: Emerging Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Xu, L., Shen, T. H., Li, Y., & Wu, X. (2025) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-025-09041-6 · Cited by 13
Kynurenines and Mitochondrial Disturbances in Multiple Sclerosis
Pukoli, D., & Vécsei, L. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26115098 · Cited by 17
Robinson, T., Abdelhak, A., Bose, T., Meinl, E., Otto, M., Zettl, U. K., Dersch, R. S., Tumani, H., Rauer, S., & Huss, A. M. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9122543 · Cited by 13
Krajnc, N., Berger, T., & Bsteh, G. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11091342 · Cited by 13
Kamudoni, P., Amtmann, D., Johns, J. R., Cook, K. F., Salem, R., Salek, S., Raab, J., Middleton, R., Repovic, P., Alschuler, K. N., et al. (2022) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.103753 · Cited by 13
Meijboom, R., Wiseman, S. J., York, E. N., Bastin, M. E., Hernández, M. D. C. V., Thrippleton, M. J., Mollison, D., White, N., Kampaite, A., Kwong, K. C. N. K., et al. (2022) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17731.1 · Cited by 11
Clinical and Radiological Characteristics in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Large Cavitary Lesions
Renard, D., Brochet, B., Vukusic, S., Edan, G., Deburghgraeve, V., Goizet, C., Dupuy, D., Touzé, E., Deschamps, R., Zephyr, H., et al. (2012) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000338476 · Cited by 13
Ahmad, H., van der Mei, I. A. F., Taylor, B. V., Lucas, R. M., Ponsonby, A., Lechner‐Scott, J., Dear, K. B. G., Valery, P. C., Clarke, P., Simpson, S., et al. (2018) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458518806103 · Cited by 13
Auguste, P., Colquitt, J. L., Connock, M. J., Loveman, E., Court, R. A., Ciccarelli, O., Counsell, C. E., & Armoiry, X. (2020) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.1007/s40273-020-00889-4 · Cited by 13
Carlson, A. K., & Fox, R. J. (2023) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2023.07.002 · Cited by 13
Manna, I., Benedittis, S. D., & Porro, D. (2024) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes15060772 · Cited by 12
Multiple Sclerosis: Immune Cells, Histopathology, and Therapeutics
Patil, M. S., Lin, L. Y., Marsh‐Wakefield, F., James, E. J., Palendira, M., Hawke, S. H., & Grau, G. E. (2024) · Sclerosis · doi:10.3390/sclerosis2030009 · Cited by 15
Heidari, Z., Mahmoudzadeh‐Sagheb, H., Moghtaderi, A., Ramazanpour, N., & Gorgich, E. A. C. (2020) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-020-02253-z · Cited by 12
van der Feen, F. E., de Haan, G. A., van der Lijn, I., Huizinga, F., Meilof, J. F., Heersema, D. J., & Heutink, J. (2021) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.103429 · Cited by 12
The Role of MRI in Differentiating Demyelinating and Inflammatory (not Infectious) Myelopathies
Tamanini, J. V. G., Sabino, J. V., Cordeiro, R. A., Mizubuti, V., Villarinho, L. D. L., Duarte, J. Á., Pereira, F. V., Appenzeller, S., Damasceno, A., & Reis, F. (2023) · Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI · doi:10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.017 · Cited by 14
Progression rates and sample size estimates for PPMS based on the CLIMB study population
Raghavan, K., Healy, B. C., Carruthers, R. L., & Chitnis, T. (2014) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458514541976 · Cited by 12
Neurofibromatosis type I associated multiple sclerosis.
Pipatpajong, H., & Phanthumchinda, K. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 12
Smoking does not influence disability accumulation in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Javizian, O., Metz, L. M., Deighton, S., & Koch, M. W. (2017) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13262 · Cited by 12
Healthcare resources utilisation in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Piccinni, C. P., Ronconi, G., Calabria, S., Dondi, L., Forcesi, E., Rossi, E., Pedrini, A., & Martini, N. (2018) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-018-3404-4 · Cited by 12
Eccles, A. (2019) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp19x701729 · Cited by 12
Rzepiński, Ł., Kośliński, P., Gackowski, M., Koba, M., & Maciejek, Z. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.3988/jcn.2022.18.5.529 · Cited by 11
Lee, J., Dunn, J., & Practitioner, N. (2013) · touchREVIEWS in Neurology · doi:10.17925/usn.2013.09.01.17 · Cited by 11
Pearse, D. D., Hefley, A. B., Morales, A. A., & Ghosh, M. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10061241 · Cited by 11
Multiple sclerosis: an overview
Bhattacharya, A., Mishra, R., & Tiwari, P. K. (2012) · Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60525-5 · Cited by 11
Widespread Glial Activation in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Revealed by 18F-PBR06 PET
Singhal, T., Rissanen, E., Ficke, J., Cicero, S., Carter, K., & Weiner, H. L. (2020) · Clinical Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1097/rlu.0000000000003398 · Cited by 11
Epstein–Barr virus in multiple sclerosis
Abdelrahman, H. S., Selim, H. S., Hashish, M. H., & Sultan, L. I. (2014) · Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · doi:10.1097/01.epx.0000452287.65133.fc · Cited by 11
A minimal unified model of disease trajectories captures hallmarks of multiple sclerosis
Kannan, V., Kiani, N. A., Piehl, F., & Tegner, J. N. (2017) · Mathematical Biosciences · doi:10.1016/j.mbs.2017.03.006 · Cited by 12
Profile of Polish patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Brola, W., Sobolewski, P., Žák, M., Flaga, S., Fudala, M., Siutka, D., Kapica-Topczewska, K., Chorąży, M., Kułakowska, A., Perenc, A., et al. (2019) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2019.05.009 · Cited by 11
Rauer, S., Hoshi, M., Pul, R., Wahl, M., Schwab, M. G., Haas, J., Ellrichmann, G., Krumbholz, M., Tackenberg, B., Saum, K.-U., et al. (2020) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106142 · Cited by 11
Azathioprine for people with multiple sclerosis
Ridley, B., Nonino, F., Baldin, E., Casetta, I., Iuliano, G., & Filippini, G. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd015005.pub2 · Cited by 10
El-Taibany, A. A., Heydarian, P., Porada, D. A., Seeds, M. C., & Atala, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1595276 · Cited by 11
Chow, H. H., Talbot, J., Marstrand, L., Lundell, H., Siebner, H. R., Søndergaard, H. B., & Sellebjerg, F. T. (2021) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.103296 · Cited by 10
Koch, M. W., Mostert, J. P., Repovic, P., Bowen, J. D., Comtois, J., Strijbis, E. M. M., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., & Cutter, G. (2022) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-022-11171-2 · Cited by 10
Fluctuations of MS births and UV-light exposure
Verheul, F., Smolders, J., Trojano, M., Lepore, V. L., Zwanikken, C., Amato, M. P., Grand’Maison, F., Butzkueven, H., Marrosu, M. G., Duquette, P., et al. (2012) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.12007 · Cited by 10
Radmehr, M., Meghdadi, S., Bahmanzadeh, M., & Sabbagh, S. (2015) · Jentashapir Journal of Health Research · doi:10.17795/jjhr-23831 · Cited by 10
Practice patterns of US neurologists in patients with SPMS and PPMS
Khan, O., Miller, A., Tornatore, C., Phillips, J. T., & Barnes, C. J. (2012) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0b013e31824cb0ac · Cited by 10
Kaymakamzade, B., Kılıç, A. K., Kurne, A., & Karabudak, R. (2017) · Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi · doi:10.5152/npa.2017.19269 · Cited by 10
Kessler, C., Ruschil, C., Abdelhak, A., Wilke, C., Maleska, A., Kühle, J., Krumbholz, M., Kowarik, M. C., & Schüle, R. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232113466 · Cited by 12
Mongay‐Ochoa, N., Pareto, D., Alberich, M., Carbonell‐Mirabent, P., Valsasina, P., Margoni, M., Braga, N., Vidal‐Jordana, Á., Auger, C., Tintoré, M., et al. (2024) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000210136 · Cited by 9
Machine learning–based prediction of disease progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Gurevich, M., Zilkha‐Falb, R., Sherman, J., Usdin, M., Raposo, C., Craveiro, L., Sonis, P., Magalashvili, D., Menascu, S., Dolev, M., et al. (2024) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcae427 · Cited by 9
Trzaska, K. A., Castillo, M. D., & Rameshwar, P. (2008) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.1.3.307 · Cited by 9
Mortazavi, S. H., Moghadasi, A. N., Almasi‐Hashiani, A., Sahraian, M. A., Goudarzi, H., & Eskandarieh, S. (2023) · Current Journal of Neurology · doi:10.18502/cjn.v22i2.13331 · Cited by 10
Beer, S., & Kesselring, J. (2014) · Der Ophthalmologe · doi:10.1007/s00347-013-2988-6 · Cited by 9
ANN Classification of MS Subgroups with Diffusion Limited Aggregation
Karaca, Y., Cattani, C., & Karabudak, R. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95165-2_9 · Cited by 9
Vlasov, Y. V., Владимирович, Ч. М., Курапов, М. А., Tn, G., Popova, E. V., Boyko, O. V., Спирин, Н. А., Sivertseva, S. A., Belskaya, G. N., Malkova, N. A., et al. (2018) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro201811808240 · Cited by 9
Rzepiński, Ł., Kucharczuk, J., Maciejek, Z., Grzybowski, A. E., & Parisi, V. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10132892 · Cited by 9
Sousa, C., Jacques, T., Sá, M. J., & Alves, R. A. (2022) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2022.2112681 · Cited by 11
Actualités dans le diagnostic et la prise en charge thérapeutique de la sclérose en plaques
Depaz, R., Aboab, J., & Gout, O. (2013) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2013.02.011 · Cited by 9
Familial clustering in Italian progressive-onset and bout-onset multiple sclerosis
PROGRESSO Group, Guaschino, C., PROGEMUS Group, Esposito, F., Liberatore, G., Colombo, B., Annovazzi, P. O. L., D’Amico, E., Cavalla, P., Capello, E., et al. (2014) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-014-1650-7 · Cited by 9
Szekely-Kohn, A. C., Castellani, M., Espino, D. M., Baronti, L., Ahmed, Z., Manifold, W. G. K., & Douglas, M. (2025) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.241052 · Cited by 12
Misrielal, C., Alsema, A. M., Wijering, M. H. C., Miedema, A., Mauthe, M., Reggiori, F., & Eggen, B. J. L. (2022) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100510 · Cited by 9
Taranu, D., Balz, L. T., Holbrook, J. A., Tumani, V., Schreiber, H., Tumani, H., & Uttner, I. (2025) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-025-13115-y · Cited by 11
No influence on disease progression of non-HLA susceptibility genes in MS
Lundström, W., Greiner, E., Lundmark, F., Westerlind, H., Smestad, C., Lorentzen, Å. R., Kockum, I. S., Link, J., Brynedal, B., Celius, E. G., et al. (2011) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.05.003 · Cited by 8
Social cognition: Concepts, neural basis and its role in multiple sclerosis
Labbé, T., Ciampi, E., & Rodriguez, C. C. (2017) · Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ncn3.12164 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, D. H., & Leary, S. M.
- Affiliations
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- University College Hospital (GB)
- ORCID
- Leary, Siobhan M
- Venue
- The Lancet Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 903-912
- ISSN
- 1474-4422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1990040006
- Cited by
- 818
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 161 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 2.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Keywords
- primary progressive multiple sclerosis, axonal loss, neuroaxonal degeneration, microglial activation, cortical demyelination, spinal cord atrophy, quantitative MRI, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, interferon-beta, glatiramer acetate, neuroprotection, pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
