The DOI matches its Crossref record; 154 of the 155 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multiple sclerosis: risk factors, prodromes, and potential causal pathways
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, complex neurological disease. The precise aetiology of MS is not yet known, although epidemiological data indicate that both genetic and environmental factors are important. The evidence that the environment acts long before MS becomes clinically evident is well established and suggests the existence of a prodromal phase for the disease. The increasing incidence of MS emphasises the need for strategies to prevent this chronic disorder, and the possibility of a prodrome indicates a window of opportunity to potentially reverse early disease processes before clinical disease becomes evident. Studying a prodrome requires techniques other than clinical observation such as monitoring endophenotypes that result from associated risk factors. However, our current knowledge of causal pathways and endophenotypes in MS is limited. Identifying and studying individuals with a high risk of developing the disease provides a powerful opportunity to understand the MS causal cascade and is highly relevant to strategies that are aimed at preventing this debilitating disease.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This is surprising given that mutations in various SYK-related molecules have been identified as prominent MS genetic risk factors (Ramagopalan et al., 2010).”
From SYK coordinates neuroprotective microglial responses in neurodegenerative disease (2022) · cites this paper as Ramagopalan et al., 2010
Citations
Cites
Holick, M. F. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra070553 · Cited by 13,720
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Natalizumab for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
Polman, C. H., O'Connor, P. W., Havrdová, E., Hutchinson, M., Kappos, L., Miller, D. H., Phillips, J. T., LUBLIN, F. D., Giovannoni, G., Wajgt, A., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa044397 · Cited by 3,433
Noseworthy, J. H., Lucchinetti, C. F., Rodriguez, M., & Weinshenker, B. G. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200009283431307 · Cited by 3,016
B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Hauser, S. L., Waubant, E., Arnold, D. L., Vollmer, T., Antel, J., Fox, R. J., Bar-Or, A., Panzara, M., Sarkar, N., Agarwal, S., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0706383 · Cited by 2,439
Christakis, D., Richards, J. A., Zimmerman, F. J., Garrison, M. M., Xu, D., & Yapanel, U. H. (2009) · Cited by 2,290
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis
Munger, K. L., Levin, L. I., Hollis, B. W., Howard, N. S., & Ascherio, A. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.23.2832 · Cited by 1,899
Loss of Functional Suppression by CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Viglietta, V., Baecher‐Allan, C., Weiner, H. L., & Hafler, D. A. (2004) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20031579 · Cited by 1,858
Risk Alleles for Multiple Sclerosis Identified by a Genomewide Study
(2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa073493 · Cited by 1,746
Sex differences in autoimmune disease
Whitacre, C. C. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni0901-777 · Cited by 1,294
Barkhof, F. (1997) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/120.11.2059 · Cited by 1,251
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dobson, R., & Giovannoni, G. (2018) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13819 · Cited by 2,381
Impact of microbiota on central nervous system and neurological diseases: the gut-brain axis
Ma, Q., Xing, C., Long, W., Wang, H. Y., Liu, Q., & Wang, R. (2019) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1434-3 · Cited by 767
Belbasis, L., Bellou, V., Εvangelou, Ε., Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Tzoulaki, I. (2015) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70267-4 · Cited by 715
Microglia in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration: From Understanding to Therapy
Muzio, L., Viotti, A., & Martino, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.742065 · Cited by 581
Perimenopause as a neurological transition state
Brinton, R. D., Yao, J., Yin, F., Mack, W. J., & Cadenas, E. (2015) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.82 · Cited by 612
Metadata
- Authors
- Ramagopalan, S. V., Dobson, R., Meier, U. C., & Giovannoni, G.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Giovannoni, Gavin
- Venue
- The Lancet Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 727-739
- ISSN
- 1474-4422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2149134458
- Cited by
- 548
- References
- 155
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 5.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Rea Charitable Trust
- Medical Research Council
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Aims2Cure
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, risk factors, prodromal symptoms, etiology, causal pathways, endophenotypes, genetic factors, environmental factors, disease prevention, MS incidence
- MeSH terms
- Disease Susceptibility, Environment, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Multiple Sclerosis, Risk Factors, Sex Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
