Cited by 94Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesReproductive Biology and FertilityNeuroendocrine regulation and behavior

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Chapter 2 Hypothalamic Neural Systems Controlling the Female Reproductive Life Cycle

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Jacqueline A. Maffucci, Andrea C. Gore·2009·International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

DOI 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)02002-9PMC PMC2821833

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Abstract

The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis undergoes a number of changes throughout the reproductive life cycle that are responsible for the development, puberty, adulthood, and senescence of reproductive systems. This natural progression is dictated by the neural network controlling the hypothalamus including the cells that synthesize and release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and their regulatory neurotransmitters. Glutamate and GABA are the primary excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, and as such contribute a great deal to modulating this axis throughout the lifetime via their actions on receptors in the hypothalamus, both directly on GnRH neurons as well as indirectly through other hypothalamic neural networks. Interactions among GnRH neurons, glutamate, and GABA, including the regulation of GnRH gene and protein expression, hormone release, and modulation by estrogen, are critical to age-appropriate changes in reproductive function. Here, we present evidence for the modulation of GnRH neurosecretory cells by the balance of glutamate and GABA in the hypothalamus, and the functional consequences of these interactions on reproductive physiology across the life cycle.

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Items 201–259 of 259

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Authors: Maffucci, J. A., & Gore, A. C.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at Austin (US)
ORCID: Andrea C. Gore
Venue: International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2009
Volume: 274
Pages: 69-127
ISSN: 0074-7696 (ISSN-L)
1937-6448
DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)02002-9
PMC: PMC2821833
OpenAlex: W1496951129
Cited by: 93
References: 259
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 23.91
Type: book chapter
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: International review of cytology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (AG-16765, AG028051, R01AG028051, P01AG016765)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Keywords: hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH neurons, glutamate, GABA, neurotransmitter modulation, puberty, reproductive aging, estrogen modulation, GnRH gene expression
MeSH terms: Animals, Female, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamates, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Nervous System, Reproduction

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Chapter 2 Hypothalamic Neural Systems Controlling the Female Reproductive Life Cycle

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