Identification of prolactin-sensitive GABA and kisspeptin neurons in regions of the rat hypothalamus involved in the control of fertility

Kokay, Ilona C.; Petersen, Sandra L.; Grattan, David R.

doi:10.1210/en.2010-0668

Cited by 131Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Identification of prolactin-sensitive GABA and kisspeptin neurons in regions of the rat hypothalamus involved in the control of fertility

Kokay, Ilona C., Petersen, Sandra L., Grattan, David R.·2011·Endocrinology

DOI 10.1210/en.2010-0668

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Abstract

High levels of circulating prolactin are known to cause infertility, but the precise mechanisms by which prolactin influences the neuroendocrine axis are yet to be determined. We used dual-label in situ hybridization to investigate whether prolactin-receptor (PRLR) mRNA is expressed in GnRH neurons. In addition, because γ-aminobutyric acidergic and kisspeptin neurons in the rostral hypothalamus are known to regulate GnRH neurons and, hence, might mediate the actions of prolactin, we investigated whether these neurons coexpress PRLR mRNA. (35)S-labeled RNA probes to detect PRLR mRNA were hybridized together with digoxigenin-labeled probes to detect either GnRH, Gad1/Gad2, or Kiss1 mRNA in the rostral hypothalamus of ovariectomized (OVX), estradiol-treated rats. Additional sets of serial sections were cut through the arcuate nucleus of OVX rats, without estradiol replacement, to examine coexpression of PRLR mRNA in the arcuate population of kisspeptin neurons. PRLR mRNA was highly expressed throughout the rostral preoptic area, particularly in periventricular regions surrounding the third ventricle, and there was a high degree of colocalization of PRLR mRNA in both Gad1/Gad2 and Kiss1 mRNA-containing cells (86 and 85.5%, respectively). In contrast, only a small number of GnRH neurons (<5%) was found to coexpress PRLR mRNA. In the arcuate nucleus of OVX rats, the majority of Kiss1 mRNA-containing cells also coexpressed PRLR mRNA. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that, in addition to a direct action on a small subpopulation of GnRH neurons, prolactin actions on GnRH neurons are predominantly mediated indirectly, through known afferent pathways.

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Only a few GnRH neurons express prolactin receptors, suggesting the existence of PRL-sensitive afferents.
“only a few GnRH neurons express prolactin receptors (13-15), suggesting the existence of PRL-sensitive afferents.”
From Kisspeptin Overcomes GnRH Neuronal Suppression Secondary to Hyperprolactinemia in Humans (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
PRL receptors are localized on kisspeptin neurons.
“However, the localization of PRL receptors on kisspeptin neurons suggested that kisspeptin might mediate the inhibitory effects of hyperprolactinemia on GnRH secretion (13, 14).”
From Kisspeptin Overcomes GnRH Neuronal Suppression Secondary to Hyperprolactinemia in Humans (2022) · cites this paper as [14]

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Kisspeptins and Reproduction: Physiological Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms
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Hyperprolactinemia-induced ovarian acyclicity is reversed by kisspeptin administration
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Physiology of Gnrh and Gonadotropin Secretion
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Emotion and Mood Adaptations in the Peripartum Female: Complementary Contributions of GABA and Oxytocin
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Conditional Deletion of the Prolactin Receptor Reveals Functional Subpopulations of Dopamine Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus
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Kisspeptin Cells in the Ovine Arcuate Nucleus Express Prolactin Receptor but not Melatonin Receptor
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Acute suppression of LH secretion by prolactin in female mice is mediated by kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus
Brown, R. S. E., Khant Aung, Z., Phillipps, H. R., Barad, Z., Lein, H.-J., Boehm, U., Szawka, R. E., & Grattan, D. R. (2019) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2019-00038 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Current Insights in Prolactin Signaling and Ovulatory Function
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Pituitary Physiology and Diagnostic Evaluation
Melmed, S. K., Kleinberg, D. L., & Ho, K. K. Y. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0324-5.00008-0 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B
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Prolactin-sensitive neurons express estrogen receptor-α and depend on sex hormones for normal responsiveness to prolactin
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Kisspeptin Regulates Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neurones and Prolactin Secretion in an Oestradiol‐Dependent Manner in Male and Female Rats
Ribeiro, A. B., Leite, C. M., Kalil, B., Franci, C. R., Anselmo-Franci, J. A., & Szawka, R. E. (2014) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12242 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Interactions between prolactin and kisspeptin to control reproduction
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Lactational Anovulation in Mice Results From a Selective Loss of Kisspeptin Input to GnRH Neurons
Liu, X., Brown, R. S. E., Herbison, A. E., & Grattan, D. R. (2013) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2013-1621 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Region-, Neuron-, and Signaling Pathway-Specific Increases in Prolactin Responsiveness in Reproductively Experienced Female Rats
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The Involvement of Prolactin in Stress-Related Disorders
Faron‐Górecka, A., Latocha, K., Pabian, P., Kolasa, M., Sobczyk-Krupiarz, I., & Dziedzicka‐Wasylewska, M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043257 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Defining Subpopulations of Arcuate Nucleus GABA Neurons in Male, Female, and Prenatally Androgenized Female Mice
Marshall, C. J., Desroziers, E., McLennan, T., & Campbell, R. E. (2016) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000452105 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The impact of maternal consumption of cafeteria diet on reproductive function in the offspring
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Widespread Cell-Specific Prolactin Receptor Expression in Multiple Murine Organs
Aoki, M., Wartenberg, P., Grünewald, R., Phillipps, H. R., Wyatt, A. K., Grattan, D. R., & Boehm, U. (2019) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2019-00234 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Differential sensitivity of specific neuronal populations of the rat hypothalamus to prolactin action
Sapsford, T. J., Kokay, I. C., Östberg, L., Bridges, R. S., & Grattan, D. R. (2011) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.22775 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Both prolactin (PRL) and a molecular mimic of phosphorylated PRL, S179D-PRL, protect the hippocampus of female rats against excitotoxicity
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Kisspeptin Overcomes GnRH Neuronal Suppression Secondary to Hyperprolactinemia in Humans
Hoskova, K., Kayton Bryant, N., Chen, M. E., Nachtigall, L. B., Lippincott, M. F., Balasubramanian, R., & Seminara, S. B. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac166 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
A reduction in voluntary physical activity in early pregnancy in mice is mediated by prolactin
Ladyman, S. R., Carter, K. M., Gillett, M. L., Aung, Z. K., & Grattan, D. R. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.62260 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Immunofluorescent histochemical and ultrastructural studies on the innervation of kisspeptin/neurokinin B neurons to tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons in the arcuate nucleus of rats
Sawai, N., Iijima, N., Takumi, K., Matsumoto, K. T., & Ozawa, H. (2012) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2012.05.011 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Role of the Kiss1/Kiss1r system in the regulation of pituitary cell function
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Pituitary Physiology and Diagnostic Evaluation
Kaiser, U. B., & Ho, K. K. Y. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-29738-7.00008-3 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Impact of Triclosan on Female Reproduction through Reducing Thyroid Hormones to Suppress Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Neurons in Mice
Cao, X., Xu, H., Xiong, J., Zhu, W., Zhang, J., & Chen, L. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00006 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Integrative neurohumoural regulation of oxytocin neurone activity in pregnancy and lactation
Augustine, R. A., Seymour, A. J., Campbell, R. E., Grattan, D. R., & Brown, C. H. (2018) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12569 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Changes in nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and male reproductive hormones in response to chronic restraint stress in rats
Moustafa, A. (2020) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.315 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
α-Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors Modulate Kisspeptin Effects on Prolactin: Role in Estradiol-Induced Prolactin Surge in Female Rats
Aquino, N. S. S., Araújo-Lopes, R., Henriques, P. C., Lopes, F. E. F., Gusmão, D. O., Coimbra, C. C., Franci, C. R., dos Reis, A. M., & Szawka, R. E. (2017) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2016-1855 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
STAT5 signaling in kisspeptin cells regulates the timing of puberty
Silveira, M. A., Furigo, I. C., Zampieri, T. T., Bohlen, T. M., de Paula, D. G., Franci, C. R., Donato, J., & Frazão, R. (2017) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.024 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Acute effects of somatomammotropin hormones on neuronal components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
Silveira, M. A., Zampieri, T. T., Furigo, I. C., Abdulkader, F., Donato, J., & Frazão, R. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.003 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Kisspeptin neurons as an integration center of reproductive regulation: Observation of reproductive function based on a new concept of reproductive regulatory nervous system
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Neuroendocrine Control of Gonadotropin Secretion
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Prolactin: structure, receptors, and functions
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Hypothalamic Control of Prolactin Secretion, and the Multiple Reproductive Functions of Prolactin
Grattan, D. R., & Tissier, P. L. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397175-3.00012-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Estrogen Receptor Beta and 2-arachidonoylglycerol Mediate the Suppressive Effects of Estradiol on Frequency of Postsynaptic Currents in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons of Metestrous Mice: An Acute Slice Electrophysiological Study
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Prolactin-induced and neuronal activation in the brain of mother mice
Oláh, S., Cservenák, M., Keller, D. W., Fazekas, E. A., Renner, É., Lőw, P., & Dobolyi, Á. (2018) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-018-1686-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Plasma Kisspeptin Levels in Girls with Premature Thelarche
Akıncı, A., Çetin, D., & İlhan, N. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.615 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Quality of life in Prolactinoma: A systematic review
Castle‐Kirszbaum, M., Biermasz, N. R., Kam, J. K. T., & Goldschlager, T. (2024) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-024-01392-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The role of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters on kisspeptin/kiss1r-signaling in female reproduction
Saedi, S., Khoradmehr, A., Shirazi, M. R. J., & Tamadon, A. (2018) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.07.001 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The maternal hormone in the male brain: Sexually dimorphic distribution of prolactin signalling in the mouse brain
López, H. S., Agustín‐Pavón, C., Lanuza, E., & Martínez‐Garciá, F. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208960 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Lactation-induced Infertility in Female Mice
Hackwell, E. C. R., Ladyman, S. R., Brown, R. S. E., & Grattan, D. R. (2023) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqad049 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Rapid modulation of hypothalamic Kiss1 levels by the suckling stimulus in the lactating rat
Higo, S., Aikawa, S., Iijima, N., & Ozawa, H. (2015) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-15-0143 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Estradiol Potentiates But Is Not Essential for Prolactin-Induced Suppression of Luteinizing Hormone Pulses in Female Rats
Silva, J. F., Henriques, P. C., Campideli-Santana, A. C., Araújo-Lopes, R., Aquino, N. S. S., Hipolito, L. T. M., Lopes‐Aguiar, C., dos Reis, A. M., Grattan, D. R., & Szawka, R. E. (2020) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqaa022 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Chronic exposure to perfluorohexane sulfonate leads to a reproduction deficit by suppressing hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in mice
Yin, X., Di, T., Cao, X., Liu, Z., Xie, J., & Zhang, S. (2021) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-021-00903-z · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The role of prolactin in co-ordinating fertility and metabolic adaptations during reproduction
Ladyman, S. R., Hackwell, E. C. R., & Brown, R. S. E. (2019) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107911 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Effect of hyperthyroidism on circulating prolactin and hypothalamic expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, prolactin signaling cascade members and estrogen and progesterone receptors during late pregnancy and lactation in the rat
Pennacchio, G. E., Neira, F. J., Soaje, M., Jahn, G. A., & Valdez, S. R. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.029 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The 3rd World Conference on Kisspeptin, “Kisspeptin 2017: Brain and Beyond”: Unresolved questions, challenges and future directions for the field
Lehman, M. N., Coolen, L. M., Steiner, R. A., Neal-Perry, G. S., Wang, L., Moenter, S. M., Moore, A. M., Goodman, R. L., Yeo, S. ‐., Padilla, S. L., et al. (2018) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12600 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Kisspeptin: Role in Female Infertility
Kükürt, A., Kuru, M., Başer, Ö. F., & Karapehlivan, M. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.94925 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Kisspeptin and Prolactin
Grattan, D. R., & Szawka, R. E. (2019) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0039-3400956 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hypothalamic Prolactin Regulation of Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in the Female Rat
Grachev, P., Li, X. F., Goffin, V., & O'Byrne, K. T. (2015) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2015-1040 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kisspeptin expression is decreased in the arcuate nucleus of hypothyroid female rats with irregular estrus cycles
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Authors: Kokay, I. C., Petersen, S. L., & Grattan, D. R.
Affiliations: University of Otago (NZ)
University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
Corresponding author: Grattan, David R.
ORCID: Petersen, Sandra L.
Grattan, David R.
Venue: Endocrinology
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2010-12-22
Volume: 152
Issue: 2
Pages: 526-535
ISSN: 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
1945-7170
DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0668
OpenAlex: W2133123261
Cited by: 131
References: 91
Citations by year: 2025: 5 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 7.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords: prolactin, prolactin receptor, kisspeptin neurons, GABAergic neurons, GnRH neurons, hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, preoptic area, fertility control, neuroendocrine regulation, infertility, estradiol, ovariectomy
MeSH terms: Animals, Female, Fertility, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamate Decarboxylase, Hypothalamus, Neurons, Ovariectomy, Proteins, Receptors, Prolactin, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, In Situ Hybridization, Rats, Kisspeptins

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Identification of prolactin-sensitive GABA and kisspeptin neurons in regions of the rat hypothalamus involved in the control of fertility

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