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Cited by 270Bone health and osteoporosis researchLower Extremity Biomechanics and PathologiesSports Performance and Training

Bone-muscle strength indices for the human lower leg

Rittweger, J, Beller, G, Ehrig, J, Jung, C, Koch, U, Ramolla, J, Schmidt, F, Newitt, D +3 more·2000·Bone
DOI 10.1016/s8756-3282(00)00327-6
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Abstract

This cross-sectional study is based on images from the lower leg as assessed by peripheral quantitative computer tomography (pQCT). Measurements were performed in 39 female and 38 male control subjects and 15 female professional volleyball players, all between 18 and 30 years of age. The images were obtained at shank levels of 4%, 14%, 33%, and 66% from the distal end. Bone and muscle cross-sectional areas, and the bones' density-weighted area moment of resistance and of inertia were assessed. From these, muscle-bone strength indices (MBSIs) were developed for compression (CI = 100. bone area/muscle area) and bending (BI = 100. bone area moment of resistance/muscle area/tibia length). Significant correlations between muscle cross-sectional area and bone were found at all section levels investigated. The strongest correlation for compression was observed in the sections at 14% (correlation coefficient r = 0.74), where 4.10 +/- 0.46 cm(2) bone, on average, was related to 100 cm(2) muscle. The compression index (CI) at the 14% level was independent of the tibia length. Interestingly, the 15 athletes had significantly greater CIs than the control subjects. This is most probably due to the greater tension development in the athletes. The highest correlation for bending was for anteroposterior bending at 33% of tibia length (r = 0.81), where the area moment of resistance, R, was on, average, 4.21 +/- 0.54 cm(3)/100 cm(2) muscle/m tibia length. Analysis of the bones' area moment of inertia showed that buckling is a possible cause of bending at the 33% and 66% levels, but not at the 14% level. No gender differences in MBSI were found. Likewise, age was without significant effect. The data show that bone architecture depends critically on muscle cross section and tension development. Moreover, bone geometry (e.g., the tibia length) influences the geometrical distribution of bone mineral, as it was found that long bones adapted to the same compressive strength are wider than short ones. We conclude that MBSIs offer a powerful diagnostic tool for bone disorders and may contribute to improving the treatment of bone metabolic and other diseases.

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  • Jumps induce high impact forces and internal muscle forces necessary for bone deformation and thus provide an osteo- and muscle-protective stimulus.

    “Furthermore, jumps induce high impact forces and internal muscle forces that are necessary for the deformation of bone and thus provide an osteo- and muscle-protective stimulus (Rittweger et al., 2000; Ebben et al., 2010).”

    From Human Biomechanical and Cardiopulmonary Responses to Partial Gravity – A Systematic Review (2017) · cites this paper as Rittweger et al., 2000

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Authors
Rittweger, J., Beller, G., Ehrig, J., Jung, C., Koch, U., Ramolla, J., Schmidt, F., Newitt, D., Majumdar, S., Schiessl, H., & Felsenberg, D.
Affiliations
  • Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Stratec (Germany) (DE)
Corresponding author
Rittweger, J
ORCID
Venue
Bone
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2000-08
Volume
27
Issue
2
Pages
319-326
ISSN
  • 1873-2763 (ISSN-L)
  • 8756-3282
DOI
10.1016/s8756-3282(00)00327-6
OpenAlex
W2040603894
Cited by
270
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 13
FWCI
4.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Bone (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
tibia, lower leg, muscle cross-sectional area, bone cross-sectional area, area moment of inertia, bone geometry, bone structure, bone adaptation, muscle tension, volleyball players, bone mineral distribution, bone disease
MeSH terms
Adult, Anthropometry, Female, Humans, Leg, Male, Osteoporosis, Sex Factors, Sports, Tibia, Absorptiometry, Photon, Muscle, Skeletal, Compressive Strength

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