Skeletal muscle and mortality results from the InCHIANTI study
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BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass, may not be an isolated process but is associated with an increase in fat mass. The aim of this study was to estimate the mortality risk of sarcopenia in the presence or absence of obesity. METHODS: Data are from 934 participants aged 65 years or older, enrolled in the "Invecchiare in Chianti" study, and followed for 6 years. At baseline, a peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) scan was performed on all participants to evaluate the muscle density, and the muscular and fat cross-sectional areas of the calf. Walking speed was measured on a 7-m track. Cox proportional hazard models were performed to estimate the association of pQCT measures (per 1 standard deviation increase) with mortality. RESULTS: Unadjusted analyses showed significant associations of muscle density (hazard ratio [HR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-0.88), muscle area (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.66-0.86), and fat area (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73-0.92) with mortality. After adjustment for potential confounders, no body composition parameter was significantly associated with mortality. Walking speed (used as a reference measure to verify whether the negative results were due to peculiarities of the study sample) confirmed its well-established association with mortality risk (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60-0.88). These results did not change after the analyses were stratified according to sarcopenia and body mass index groups, and restricted to participants with frailty or a high inflammatory profile. CONCLUSIONS: Calf skeletal muscle and fat mass are not significant risk factors for mortality in community-dwelling older adults. Walking speed confirmed to be a powerful predictor of health-related events.
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In the InCHIANTI study, there was no significant difference in mortality risks across six study groups according to calf skeletal muscle mass and BMI; individuals with sarcopenic obesity showed the lowest survival rate, and low physical performance was significantly associated with increased mortality.
“In contrast, the InCHIANTI study, which included 934 participants aged 65 years or older in their 6-year follow-up, reported no significant difference in mortality risks across six study groups according to calf skeletal muscle mass and BMI. However, individuals with sarcopenic obesity showed the lowest survival rate (57). Interestingly, low physical performance (measured using walking speed) was”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [57]
Some studies have reported no association between mortality and myosteatosis.
“Not all studies, however, have found this relationship as some have reported no association between mortality and myosteatosis (Cesari et al., 2009; Murea et al., 2018).”
From Myosteatosis in the Context of Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit: An Interdisciplinary Workshop at the National Institute on Aging (2020) · cites this paper as Cesari et al., 2009
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Salimi, S., Shardell, M. D., Seliger, S. L., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15268 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationGonadal status and physical performance in older men
Maggio, M., Ceda, G. P., Lauretani, F., Bandinelli, S., Metter, E. J., Guralnik, J. M., Basaria, S., Cattabiani, C., Luci, M., Dall'Aglio, E., et al. (2011) · The Aging Male · doi:10.3109/13685538.2010.518179 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationZhao, Q., Zmuda, J. M., Kuipers, A. L., Jonnalagadda, P., Bunker, C. H., Patrick, A. L., Youk, A. O., & Miljkovic, I. (2016) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afw062 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Systematic review and meta-analysis of lean mass and mortality: Rationale and study description
Cheung, C.-L., Lee, G. K.-Y., Au, P. C.-M., Li, G. H.-Y., Chan, M., Li, H.-L., Cheung, B. M.-Y., Wong, I. C.-K., Lee, V. H.-F., Mok, J., et al. (2021) · Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia · doi:10.1016/j.afos.2021.01.001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Jung, S., Yabushita, N., Kim, M., Seino, S., Nemoto, M., Osuka, Y., Okubo, Y., Figueroa, R., & Tanaka, K. (2016) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-016-0672-7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cesari, M., Pahor, M., Lauretani, F., Zamboni, V., Bandinelli, S., Bernabei, R., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L.
- Affiliations
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- University of Florida (US)
- Agenzia Regionale di Sanità della Toscana (IT)
- Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze (IT)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-01-30
- Volume
- 64A
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 377-384
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC2655006
- OpenAlex
- W2107549333
- Cited by
- 346
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 13.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministero della Salute (ICS 110.1/RS97.71, N01-AG-5-0002, N01-AG-916413, N01-AG-821336, 110.1|RS97.71)
- National Institutes of Health (N01-AG-916413, N01-AG-5-0002, N01-AG-821336)
- National Institute on Aging (N01AG-821336, 821336, N01[AG]916413, R01AG027012, N01-AG-916413, N01-AG-5-0002, and N01-AG-821336, P30AG028740, N01 AG-5-0002)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, mortality risk, skeletal muscle, fat mass, muscle density, body composition, obesity, walking speed, frailty, inflammation, older adults, InCHIANTI study
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Male, Mortality, Obesity, Physical Endurance, Risk Factors, Sarcolemma, Sensitivity and Specificity, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index, Confidence Intervals, Chi-Square Distribution, Proportional Hazards Models, Walking, Muscle, Skeletal, Statistics, Nonparametric, Inflammation Mediators, Muscle Weakness
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